Names | |
---|---|
Preferred IUPAC name
(2R,12Z,15Z)-2-Hydroxy-4-oxohenicosa-12,15-dien-1-yl acetate | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol)
|
|
PubChem
CID
|
|
UNII | |
| |
Properties | |
C23H40O4 | |
Molar mass | 380.569 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Persin is a fungicidal toxin present in the avocado. [1] Persin is an oil-soluble compound structurally similar to a fatty acid, a colourless oil, and it leaches into the body of the fruit from the seeds.
The relatively low concentrations of persin in the ripe pulp of the avocado fruit is generally considered harmless to humans. Negative effects in humans are primarily in allergic individuals. When persin is consumed by domestic animals through the leaves or bark of the avocado tree, or skins and seeds of the avocado fruit, it is toxic and dangerous. [2] [3]
All parts of the avocado — the fruit, leaves, stems, and seeds — contain the toxin. The leaves are the most dangerous part. [4]
Leaves | 0.9 to 1% [5] |
Fruit | ~0.08% to 0.15% [6][ citation needed] |
Consumption of the leaves and bark of the avocado tree, or the skin and pit of the avocado fruit have been shown to have the following effects: [2] [7]
Diagnosis of avocado toxicosis relies on history of exposure and clinical signs. There are no readily available specific tests that confirm diagnosis. [9]
NSAIDs, pain relievers, medications for congestive heart failure. [7]
Animal studies show that exposure to persin leads to apoptosis in certain types of breast cancer cells. [10] It has also been shown to enhance the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen in vitro. [11] Persin is however highly insoluble in aqueous solutions and more research will be needed to put it into a soluble tablet form. [11]
non-fatal injury to the lactating mammary gland of the mouse is from 60 to 100 mg/kg. At doses of person above 100 mg/kg, necrosis of myocardial fibres may occur and areas of myocardial fibrosis can be observed in animals surviving for seven days. Hydrothorax and/or pulmonary oedema may be present in more severely affected animals. [..] there have been few attempts to investigate the cause of possible toxic effects of the plant in mammals.
Names | |
---|---|
Preferred IUPAC name
(2R,12Z,15Z)-2-Hydroxy-4-oxohenicosa-12,15-dien-1-yl acetate | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol)
|
|
PubChem
CID
|
|
UNII | |
| |
Properties | |
C23H40O4 | |
Molar mass | 380.569 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Persin is a fungicidal toxin present in the avocado. [1] Persin is an oil-soluble compound structurally similar to a fatty acid, a colourless oil, and it leaches into the body of the fruit from the seeds.
The relatively low concentrations of persin in the ripe pulp of the avocado fruit is generally considered harmless to humans. Negative effects in humans are primarily in allergic individuals. When persin is consumed by domestic animals through the leaves or bark of the avocado tree, or skins and seeds of the avocado fruit, it is toxic and dangerous. [2] [3]
All parts of the avocado — the fruit, leaves, stems, and seeds — contain the toxin. The leaves are the most dangerous part. [4]
Leaves | 0.9 to 1% [5] |
Fruit | ~0.08% to 0.15% [6][ citation needed] |
Consumption of the leaves and bark of the avocado tree, or the skin and pit of the avocado fruit have been shown to have the following effects: [2] [7]
Diagnosis of avocado toxicosis relies on history of exposure and clinical signs. There are no readily available specific tests that confirm diagnosis. [9]
NSAIDs, pain relievers, medications for congestive heart failure. [7]
Animal studies show that exposure to persin leads to apoptosis in certain types of breast cancer cells. [10] It has also been shown to enhance the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen in vitro. [11] Persin is however highly insoluble in aqueous solutions and more research will be needed to put it into a soluble tablet form. [11]
non-fatal injury to the lactating mammary gland of the mouse is from 60 to 100 mg/kg. At doses of person above 100 mg/kg, necrosis of myocardial fibres may occur and areas of myocardial fibrosis can be observed in animals surviving for seven days. Hydrothorax and/or pulmonary oedema may be present in more severely affected animals. [..] there have been few attempts to investigate the cause of possible toxic effects of the plant in mammals.