Parsa National Park | |
---|---|
IUCN category II (
national park) | |
![]() Indian pitta at Parsa National Park | |
Location | Nepal |
Nearest city | Birgunj |
Coordinates | 27°28′N 84°20′E / 27.467°N 84.333°E |
Area | 627.39 km2 (242.24 sq mi) |
Established | 1984 as Wildlife Reserve, 2017 as National Park |
Governing body | Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation |
|
Parsa National Park is a national park in the Terai of south-central Nepal covering an area of 627.39 km2 (242.24 sq mi) in the Parsa, Makwanpur and Bara Districts and ranging in elevation from 435 to 950 m (1,427 to 3,117 ft) in the Sivalik Hills. It was established as a wildlife reserve in 1984 and received national park status in 2017. It is surrounded by a buffer zone since 2005 with an area of 285.3 km2 (110.2 sq mi). [1] In 2015, the protected area was further extended by 49 sq mi (128 km2). [2]
To the north of Parsa National Park, the East Rapti River and Sivalik Hills form a natural boundary to human settlements. To the east, the boundary extends up to the Hetauda– Birgunj highway; to the south, a forest road demarcates the park's boundary. To the west is Chitwan National Park, which is situated just north of Valmiki National Park, a tiger reserve in India. Thus, this transnational protected area of 2,075 km2 (801 sq mi) represents the Tiger Conservation Unit (TCU) Chitwan–Parsa–Valmiki, which covers a total of 3,549 km2 (1,370 sq mi) in the Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands. [3]
Before being converted to a protected area, the region was a private game reserve and hunting park for both the British and Nepalese elite. [1] [4]
The typical vegetation in the park consists of sal forest constituting about 90% of the area. Chir pine grows in the Churia Hills; Khair, sissoo and silk cotton trees occur along watercourses. Sabai grass grows well on the southern face of the Churia Hills. [4] An estimated 919 floral species have been recorded including 298 vascular plants, 234 dicots, 58 monocots, five pteridophytes, and one gymnosperm. [1]
A census conducted in May 2008 confirmed the presence of 37 gaurs. [5] Four adult Bengal tigers were estimated to be resident in the Parsa National Park in 2008. [6] A three-month camera trapping survey in February 2017 revealed the presence of 19 Bengal tigers, indicating a substantial increase of the population. [7] As of 2015, three Indian rhinoceros have been recorded in the national park. [8] Additional mammals include the Asian elephant, chital, golden jackal, Nepal gray langur, Indian grey mongoose, Sambar deer, Indian hog deer, northern red muntjac, rhesus macaque, sloth bear and wild boar. [9]
Reptiles present include the mugger crocodile, king cobra, monocled cobra, Russell's viperr, elongated tortoise, Indian softshell turtle, Indian black turtle, Indian flapshell turtle, Oriental garden lizard and Oriental rat snake. [10]
{{
cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link)
Parsa National Park | |
---|---|
IUCN category II (
national park) | |
![]() Indian pitta at Parsa National Park | |
Location | Nepal |
Nearest city | Birgunj |
Coordinates | 27°28′N 84°20′E / 27.467°N 84.333°E |
Area | 627.39 km2 (242.24 sq mi) |
Established | 1984 as Wildlife Reserve, 2017 as National Park |
Governing body | Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation |
|
Parsa National Park is a national park in the Terai of south-central Nepal covering an area of 627.39 km2 (242.24 sq mi) in the Parsa, Makwanpur and Bara Districts and ranging in elevation from 435 to 950 m (1,427 to 3,117 ft) in the Sivalik Hills. It was established as a wildlife reserve in 1984 and received national park status in 2017. It is surrounded by a buffer zone since 2005 with an area of 285.3 km2 (110.2 sq mi). [1] In 2015, the protected area was further extended by 49 sq mi (128 km2). [2]
To the north of Parsa National Park, the East Rapti River and Sivalik Hills form a natural boundary to human settlements. To the east, the boundary extends up to the Hetauda– Birgunj highway; to the south, a forest road demarcates the park's boundary. To the west is Chitwan National Park, which is situated just north of Valmiki National Park, a tiger reserve in India. Thus, this transnational protected area of 2,075 km2 (801 sq mi) represents the Tiger Conservation Unit (TCU) Chitwan–Parsa–Valmiki, which covers a total of 3,549 km2 (1,370 sq mi) in the Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands. [3]
Before being converted to a protected area, the region was a private game reserve and hunting park for both the British and Nepalese elite. [1] [4]
The typical vegetation in the park consists of sal forest constituting about 90% of the area. Chir pine grows in the Churia Hills; Khair, sissoo and silk cotton trees occur along watercourses. Sabai grass grows well on the southern face of the Churia Hills. [4] An estimated 919 floral species have been recorded including 298 vascular plants, 234 dicots, 58 monocots, five pteridophytes, and one gymnosperm. [1]
A census conducted in May 2008 confirmed the presence of 37 gaurs. [5] Four adult Bengal tigers were estimated to be resident in the Parsa National Park in 2008. [6] A three-month camera trapping survey in February 2017 revealed the presence of 19 Bengal tigers, indicating a substantial increase of the population. [7] As of 2015, three Indian rhinoceros have been recorded in the national park. [8] Additional mammals include the Asian elephant, chital, golden jackal, Nepal gray langur, Indian grey mongoose, Sambar deer, Indian hog deer, northern red muntjac, rhesus macaque, sloth bear and wild boar. [9]
Reptiles present include the mugger crocodile, king cobra, monocled cobra, Russell's viperr, elongated tortoise, Indian softshell turtle, Indian black turtle, Indian flapshell turtle, Oriental garden lizard and Oriental rat snake. [10]
{{
cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link)