Pamianthe peruviana Early | |
---|---|
Botanical illustration of Pamianthe peruviana | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
Genus: | Pamianthe |
Species: | P. peruviana
|
Binomial name | |
Pamianthe peruviana Stapf
| |
Pamianthe peruviana is native to Peru and Bolivia [2] | |
Synonyms [2] [3] | |
Pamianthe cardenasii Traub |
Pamianthe peruviana, also known as the giant Peruvian daffodil, [4] [5] is a species of epiphytic plant native to seasonally dry areas of Peru and Bolivia. [2]
The perennial plants with bulbs [6] produce 5-7 linear leaves [7] with a prominent mid vein, [8] which form a pseudo-stem of up to 30 cm in length. Each leaf may reach lengths of up to 50 cm and widths of 2–4 cm. [6]
The bisexual, radially symmetrical flowers are intensely fragrant. [9] [10] [6] They resemble the flowers of Pancratium. [11] [3] They are produced in groups of 2-4 flowers, which have a 12–25 cm long perianth tube with three nectariferous channels. These features could suggest moth pollination. The pedicel is 1.5–3 cm long. With 8 cm of length, the outer tepals are slightly longer than the 7 cm long staminal cup. [8] The incurved stamens with dorsifixed anthers are inserted in deep notches of the staminal cup, or corona. [6]
Pamianthe is presumed to be moth pollinated based on their floral morphology. [12] Specifically sphingid moths come into question. [8] The plant is self compatible. The fruit takes 12–15 months to mature. [11] [6] [10] Rapid germination occurs under humid conditions at 16-21 °C. [13] [6] Seedlings reach maturity within four to five years. [11] [14]
Pamianthe peruviana can also reprocuce asexually through stolons. [15] [16]
The diploid chromosome count of Pamianthe is 2n = 46. [17] [18]
The generic name Pamianthe refers to Major Albert Pam. [19] [20] [8] [21] The specific epithet peruviana references this species origin in Peru.
Pam discovered the species in 1926 on a bulb collecting expedition in Peru. [20] Other sources state he received bulbs from Peru in 1928. [16] [8] Pam, who introduced the species to horticulture, was a friend of the horticulturalist Edward Augustus Bowles (1865 - 1954), [21] [19] to whom he gave a Pamianthe peruviana specimen in the 1930s. [22] He also donated Pamianthe peruviana to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1937. [23]
It was found along streams in the warm to temperate northern region of Peru at elevations of 1800 m above sea level. [24] [25]
There is conflicting information on the taxon authorship of this species. One source claims it to be anonymous, [26] whereas most give Otto Stapf as the taxon author. The type specimen, which was cultivated by Albert Pam in the United Kingdom, is associated with Stapf as the taxon author. [27]
Pamianthe peruviana is the type species of the genus Pamianthe. [8]
Despite being the same taxon, [2] [8] it has been reported that Pamianthe cardenasii were a bulbous geophyte, and Pamianthe peruviana were an epiphyte. [28]
Some degree of possible hybridization was identified between Pamianthe peruviana and Pamianthe ecollis. According to a molecular clock analysis, both species shared a common ancestor 18.22 million years ago. This means Pamianthe peruviana diverged in the early Miocene. [1]
It is presumed to be extinct in the wild. [29] [30] [31] It is not known when it was last recorded. [32] According to the Cambridge Botanic Garden the conservation status has not been evaluated. [33] Under its synonym Pamianthe cardenasii Traub it has also been classified as not evaluated by the national herbarium of Bolivia in 2005. [34]
Ex-situ conservation is ensured in several living collections, such as the living collection of the Gothenburg Botanical Garden, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Living Plant Collections, [35] the Oxford Botanic Garden, [4] as well as private collections.
Despite it being very rare in cultivation, [36] it can be easily cultivated as a houseplant if kept in a well aerated substrate, [37] because it is intolerant of waterlogged conditions, which rapidly induce root rot. [11] Ideally, it should be cultivated under moderately bright, humid conditions at temperatures of 18-30 °C. [36] Seeds can be sown all year round. The optimal time is March–August. The remaining months are less optimal. The germination temperature should not be below 20 °C. [38] Pamianthe makes a good greenhouse or container display. [39] It is also suitable as a long-lasting cut flower. [16]
Pamianthe peruviana Early | |
---|---|
Botanical illustration of Pamianthe peruviana | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
Genus: | Pamianthe |
Species: | P. peruviana
|
Binomial name | |
Pamianthe peruviana Stapf
| |
Pamianthe peruviana is native to Peru and Bolivia [2] | |
Synonyms [2] [3] | |
Pamianthe cardenasii Traub |
Pamianthe peruviana, also known as the giant Peruvian daffodil, [4] [5] is a species of epiphytic plant native to seasonally dry areas of Peru and Bolivia. [2]
The perennial plants with bulbs [6] produce 5-7 linear leaves [7] with a prominent mid vein, [8] which form a pseudo-stem of up to 30 cm in length. Each leaf may reach lengths of up to 50 cm and widths of 2–4 cm. [6]
The bisexual, radially symmetrical flowers are intensely fragrant. [9] [10] [6] They resemble the flowers of Pancratium. [11] [3] They are produced in groups of 2-4 flowers, which have a 12–25 cm long perianth tube with three nectariferous channels. These features could suggest moth pollination. The pedicel is 1.5–3 cm long. With 8 cm of length, the outer tepals are slightly longer than the 7 cm long staminal cup. [8] The incurved stamens with dorsifixed anthers are inserted in deep notches of the staminal cup, or corona. [6]
Pamianthe is presumed to be moth pollinated based on their floral morphology. [12] Specifically sphingid moths come into question. [8] The plant is self compatible. The fruit takes 12–15 months to mature. [11] [6] [10] Rapid germination occurs under humid conditions at 16-21 °C. [13] [6] Seedlings reach maturity within four to five years. [11] [14]
Pamianthe peruviana can also reprocuce asexually through stolons. [15] [16]
The diploid chromosome count of Pamianthe is 2n = 46. [17] [18]
The generic name Pamianthe refers to Major Albert Pam. [19] [20] [8] [21] The specific epithet peruviana references this species origin in Peru.
Pam discovered the species in 1926 on a bulb collecting expedition in Peru. [20] Other sources state he received bulbs from Peru in 1928. [16] [8] Pam, who introduced the species to horticulture, was a friend of the horticulturalist Edward Augustus Bowles (1865 - 1954), [21] [19] to whom he gave a Pamianthe peruviana specimen in the 1930s. [22] He also donated Pamianthe peruviana to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1937. [23]
It was found along streams in the warm to temperate northern region of Peru at elevations of 1800 m above sea level. [24] [25]
There is conflicting information on the taxon authorship of this species. One source claims it to be anonymous, [26] whereas most give Otto Stapf as the taxon author. The type specimen, which was cultivated by Albert Pam in the United Kingdom, is associated with Stapf as the taxon author. [27]
Pamianthe peruviana is the type species of the genus Pamianthe. [8]
Despite being the same taxon, [2] [8] it has been reported that Pamianthe cardenasii were a bulbous geophyte, and Pamianthe peruviana were an epiphyte. [28]
Some degree of possible hybridization was identified between Pamianthe peruviana and Pamianthe ecollis. According to a molecular clock analysis, both species shared a common ancestor 18.22 million years ago. This means Pamianthe peruviana diverged in the early Miocene. [1]
It is presumed to be extinct in the wild. [29] [30] [31] It is not known when it was last recorded. [32] According to the Cambridge Botanic Garden the conservation status has not been evaluated. [33] Under its synonym Pamianthe cardenasii Traub it has also been classified as not evaluated by the national herbarium of Bolivia in 2005. [34]
Ex-situ conservation is ensured in several living collections, such as the living collection of the Gothenburg Botanical Garden, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Living Plant Collections, [35] the Oxford Botanic Garden, [4] as well as private collections.
Despite it being very rare in cultivation, [36] it can be easily cultivated as a houseplant if kept in a well aerated substrate, [37] because it is intolerant of waterlogged conditions, which rapidly induce root rot. [11] Ideally, it should be cultivated under moderately bright, humid conditions at temperatures of 18-30 °C. [36] Seeds can be sown all year round. The optimal time is March–August. The remaining months are less optimal. The germination temperature should not be below 20 °C. [38] Pamianthe makes a good greenhouse or container display. [39] It is also suitable as a long-lasting cut flower. [16]