From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Painful ejaculation)
Odynorgasmia
Other namesPainful ejaculation, dysejaculation, dysorgasmia, and orgasmalgia.
Specialty Urology

Odynorgasmia, or painful ejaculation, also referred to as dysejaculation, dysorgasmia, and orgasmalgia, [1] is a physical syndrome described by pain or burning sensation of the urethra or perineum during or following ejaculation. Causes include: infections associated with urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis; use of anti-depressants; cancer of the prostate or of other related structures; calculi or cysts obstructing related structures; trauma to the region. [1] [2] [3]

Signs and symptoms

Ejaculations that hurt can range in intensity from mild discomfort to unbearable agony. Everywhere in the pudendal territory, including the penis, scrotum, and perineal/perianal area, is susceptible to it. [1] Usually starting right before or during ejaculation, the pain usually lasts for two to twenty-four hours. [4] [5] The person may have less sexual desire and self-worth as a result of this issue, which could lead to a lower quality of life. [6]

Causes

Ejaculation pain can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, but it can also be an idiopathic issue. [1] Early reports suggested that painful ejaculation may be associated with herniorrhaphy, [7] [8] [9] [10] pelvic radiation, [11] prostate surgery, [12] [13] benign prostatic hyperplasia, [14] [15] [16] prostate cancer, [17] [18] inflammation of prostate, [19] [20] antidepressants, [21] [22] sexually transmitted diseases, [23] [24] sexual neurasthenia, and calculi in the seminal vesicles. [1] Somehow in simple terms painful ejaculation may refer to the results of arousing often (Releasing sperms 3 times or more)

Treatment

The cause of post-orgasmic pain determines the course of treatment. Antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed if infectious or inflammatory processes are thought to be the cause. [25] Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy is the preferred method for treating pain associated with seminal vesicles. [26] Balloon dilatation or transurethral ejaculatory duct resection are two treatments for ejaculatory duct obstruction. [27] In one study, tamsulosin-treated patients' symptoms significantly improved after four weeks of treatment. [5] This is also helpful for painful ejaculation following radical prostatectomy. [5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Parnham, Arie; Serefoglu, Ege Can (August 1, 2016). "Retrograde ejaculation, painful ejaculation and hematospermia". Translational Andrology and Urology. 5 (4): 59201–59601. doi: 10.21037/tau.2016.06.05. ISSN  2223-4691. PMC  5002007. PMID  27652230. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  2. ^ Richard Balon, R. Taylor Segraves, Handbook of sexual dysfunction, Informa Healthcare; 1 edition (April 14, 2005), pg 241
  3. ^ Donnellan P, Breathnach O, Crown JP (April 2001). "Odynorgasmia". Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. 35 (2): 158. doi: 10.1080/003655901750170687. PMID  11411663. S2CID  218867962.
  4. ^ Barnas, Jennifer L.; Pierpaoli, Steven; Ladd, Patricia; Valenzuela, Rolando; Aviv, Nadid; Parker, Marilyn; Waters, W. Bedford; Flanigan, Robert C.; Mulhall, John P. (August 25, 2004). "The prevalence and nature of orgasmic dysfunction after radical prostatectomy". BJU International. 94 (4). Wiley: 603–605. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.05009.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  15329121. S2CID  37618215.
  5. ^ a b c Barnas, Jennifer; Parker, Marilyn; Guhring, Patricia; Mulhall, John P. (2005). "The Utility of Tamsulosin in the Management of Orgasm-Associated Pain: A Pilot Analysis". European Urology. 47 (3). Elsevier BV: 361–365. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2004.10.020. ISSN  0302-2838. PMID  15716202.
  6. ^ VALLANCIEN, GUY; EMBERTON, MARK; HARVING, NIELS; van MOORSELAAR, R. JEROEN A. (2003). "Sexual Dysfunction in 1,274 European Men Suffering from Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms". Journal of Urology. 169 (6). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 2257–2261. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000067940.76090.73. ISSN  0022-5347. PMID  12771764.
  7. ^ Butler, J D; Hershman, M J; Leach, A (1998). "Painful ejaculation after inguinal hernia repair". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 91 (8). SAGE Publications: 432–433. doi: 10.1177/014107689809100811. ISSN  0141-0768. PMC  1296846. PMID  9816362.
  8. ^ Aasvang, Eske K.; Møhl, Bo; Kehlet, Henrik (August 1, 2007). "Ejaculatory Pain". Anesthesiology. 107 (2). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 298–304. doi: 10.1097/01.anes.0000270736.28324.61. ISSN  0003-3022. PMID  17667575.
  9. ^ Aasvang, Eske Kvanner; Møhl, Bo; Bay-Nielsen, Morten; Kehlet, Henrik (2006). "Pain related sexual dysfunction after inguinal herniorrhaphy". Pain. 122 (3). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 258–263. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.035. ISSN  0304-3959. PMID  16545910. S2CID  32383060.
  10. ^ Verhagen, T.; Loos, M. J. A.; Scheltinga, M. R. M.; Roumen, R. M. H. (August 11, 2015). "Surgery for chronic inguinodynia following routine herniorrhaphy: beneficial effects on dysejaculation". Hernia. 20 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 63–68. doi: 10.1007/s10029-015-1410-5. ISSN  1265-4906. PMID  26260489. S2CID  31529831.
  11. ^ Merrick, Gregory S.; Wallner, Kent; Butler, Wayne M.; Lief, Jonathan H.; Sutlief, Steven (September 25, 2001). "Short-term sexual function after prostate brachytherapy". International Journal of Cancer. 96 (5). Wiley: 313–319. doi: 10.1002/ijc.1028. ISSN  0020-7136. PMID  11582584.
  12. ^ Matsushita, Kazuhito; Tal, Raanan; Mulhall, John P. (2012). "The Evolution of Orgasmic Pain (Dysorgasmia) Following Radical Prostatectomy". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 9 (5). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1454–1458. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02699.x. ISSN  1743-6095. PMID  22458302.
  13. ^ Koeman, M.; Van Driel, M.F.; Weijmar Schultz, W.C.M.; Mensink, H.J.A. (1996). "Orgasm after radical prostatectomy". British Journal of Urology. 77 (6). Wiley: 861–864. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1996.01416.x. ISSN  0007-1331. PMID  8705222.
  14. ^ Nickel, J. Curtis; Elhilali, Mostafa; Vallancien, Guy (February 10, 2005). "Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis: prevalence of painful ejaculation in men with clinical BPH". BJU International. 95 (4). Wiley: 571–574. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05341.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  15705082. S2CID  6048734.
  15. ^ Li, Man-Kay; Garcia, Lester; Patron, Nelson; Moh, Lei Chang; Sundram, Murali; Leungwattanakij, Somboon; Pripatnanont, Choosak; Cheng, Christopher; Chi-Wai, Man; Loi-Cheong, Ngai (November 13, 2007). "An Asian multinational prospective observational registry of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, with a focus on comorbidities, lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function". BJU International. 101 (2). Wiley: 197–202. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07320.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  18005205. S2CID  32972540.
  16. ^ Rosen, Raymond C.; Fitzpatrick, John M. (September 3, 2009). "Ejaculatory dysfunction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia". BJU International. 104 (7). Wiley: 974–983. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08503.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  19426189. S2CID  37298480.
  17. ^ Walz, Jochen; Perrotte, Paul; Gallina, Andrea; Bénard, Francois; Valiquette, Luc; McCormack, Michael; Montorsi, Francesco; Karakiewicz, Pierre I. (2007). "Ejaculatory Disorders May Affect Screening for Prostate Cancer". Journal of Urology. 178 (1). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 232–238. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.037. ISSN  0022-5347. PMID  17499807.
  18. ^ Kleinberg, Lawrence; Wallner, Kent; Roy, Jitendra; Zelefsky, Michael; Arterbery, V.Elayne; Fuks, Zvi; Harrison, Louis (1994). "Treatment-related symptoms during the first year following transperineal 125I prostate implantation". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 28 (4). Elsevier BV: 985–990. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(94)90119-8. ISSN  0360-3016. PMID  8138452.
  19. ^ Wagenlehner, Florian M.E.; van Till, J.W. Olivier; Magri, Vittorio; Perletti, Gianpaolo; Houbiers, Jos G.A.; Weidner, Wolfgang; Nickel, J. Curtis (2013). "National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) Symptom Evaluation in Multinational Cohorts of Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome". European Urology. 63 (5). Elsevier BV: 953–959. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.042. ISSN  0302-2838. PMID  23141933.
  20. ^ Tran, Christine N.; Shoskes, Daniel A. (April 12, 2013). "Sexual dysfunction in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome". World Journal of Urology. 31 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 741–746. doi: 10.1007/s00345-013-1076-5. ISSN  0724-4983. PMID  23579441. S2CID  6525027.
  21. ^ Michael, A. (2000). "Venlafaxine-induced painful ejaculation". British Journal of Psychiatry. 177 (3). Royal College of Psychiatrists: 282–283. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.3.282-b. ISSN  0007-1250. PMID  11040898.
  22. ^ Kulik, F. A.; Wilbur, R. (1982). "Case report of painful ejaculation as a side effect of amoxapine". American Journal of Psychiatry. 139 (2). American Psychiatric Association Publishing: 234–235. doi: 10.1176/ajp.139.2.234. ISSN  0002-953X. PMID  7055299.
  23. ^ Grosse, A. B. (1911). "Remarks on Impotentia Cocundi and Sexual Neurasthenia and Their Treatment". California State Journal of Medicine. 9 (1). BMJ Publishing Group: 25–27. PMC  1893601. PMID  18735133.
  24. ^ Edwards, A. (December 11, 1909). "Chronic Disease of the Colliculus Seminalis". BMJ. 2 (2554): 1672–1673. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.2554.1672. ISSN  0959-8138. PMC  2321775. PMID  20764794.
  25. ^ Waqar, Muhammad; Omar, Kawa; Moubasher, Amr; Brunckhorst, Oliver; Ahmed, Kamran (October 30, 2020). "Painful Ejaculation — An Ignored Symptom". Cureus. Cureus, Inc. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11253. ISSN  2168-8184. PMC  7707127. PMID  33269171.
  26. ^ Johnson, Christopher W.; Bingham, Jonathan B.; Goluboff, Erik T.; Fisch, Harry (December 20, 2004). "Transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts for treating ejaculatory symptoms". BJU International. 95 (1). Wiley: 117–119. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.05261.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  15638907. S2CID  26723583.
  27. ^ Zaidi, Saher; Gandhi, Jason; Seyam, Omar; Joshi, Gunjan; Waltzer, Wayne C.; Smith, Noel L.; Khan, Sardar Ali (2019). "Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Seminal Vesicle Stones". Current Urology. 12 (3). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 113–120. doi: 10.1159/000489429. ISSN  1661-7649. PMC  6613319. PMID  31316318.

Further reading

External links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Painful ejaculation)
Odynorgasmia
Other namesPainful ejaculation, dysejaculation, dysorgasmia, and orgasmalgia.
Specialty Urology

Odynorgasmia, or painful ejaculation, also referred to as dysejaculation, dysorgasmia, and orgasmalgia, [1] is a physical syndrome described by pain or burning sensation of the urethra or perineum during or following ejaculation. Causes include: infections associated with urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis; use of anti-depressants; cancer of the prostate or of other related structures; calculi or cysts obstructing related structures; trauma to the region. [1] [2] [3]

Signs and symptoms

Ejaculations that hurt can range in intensity from mild discomfort to unbearable agony. Everywhere in the pudendal territory, including the penis, scrotum, and perineal/perianal area, is susceptible to it. [1] Usually starting right before or during ejaculation, the pain usually lasts for two to twenty-four hours. [4] [5] The person may have less sexual desire and self-worth as a result of this issue, which could lead to a lower quality of life. [6]

Causes

Ejaculation pain can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, but it can also be an idiopathic issue. [1] Early reports suggested that painful ejaculation may be associated with herniorrhaphy, [7] [8] [9] [10] pelvic radiation, [11] prostate surgery, [12] [13] benign prostatic hyperplasia, [14] [15] [16] prostate cancer, [17] [18] inflammation of prostate, [19] [20] antidepressants, [21] [22] sexually transmitted diseases, [23] [24] sexual neurasthenia, and calculi in the seminal vesicles. [1] Somehow in simple terms painful ejaculation may refer to the results of arousing often (Releasing sperms 3 times or more)

Treatment

The cause of post-orgasmic pain determines the course of treatment. Antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed if infectious or inflammatory processes are thought to be the cause. [25] Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy is the preferred method for treating pain associated with seminal vesicles. [26] Balloon dilatation or transurethral ejaculatory duct resection are two treatments for ejaculatory duct obstruction. [27] In one study, tamsulosin-treated patients' symptoms significantly improved after four weeks of treatment. [5] This is also helpful for painful ejaculation following radical prostatectomy. [5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Parnham, Arie; Serefoglu, Ege Can (August 1, 2016). "Retrograde ejaculation, painful ejaculation and hematospermia". Translational Andrology and Urology. 5 (4): 59201–59601. doi: 10.21037/tau.2016.06.05. ISSN  2223-4691. PMC  5002007. PMID  27652230. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  2. ^ Richard Balon, R. Taylor Segraves, Handbook of sexual dysfunction, Informa Healthcare; 1 edition (April 14, 2005), pg 241
  3. ^ Donnellan P, Breathnach O, Crown JP (April 2001). "Odynorgasmia". Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. 35 (2): 158. doi: 10.1080/003655901750170687. PMID  11411663. S2CID  218867962.
  4. ^ Barnas, Jennifer L.; Pierpaoli, Steven; Ladd, Patricia; Valenzuela, Rolando; Aviv, Nadid; Parker, Marilyn; Waters, W. Bedford; Flanigan, Robert C.; Mulhall, John P. (August 25, 2004). "The prevalence and nature of orgasmic dysfunction after radical prostatectomy". BJU International. 94 (4). Wiley: 603–605. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.05009.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  15329121. S2CID  37618215.
  5. ^ a b c Barnas, Jennifer; Parker, Marilyn; Guhring, Patricia; Mulhall, John P. (2005). "The Utility of Tamsulosin in the Management of Orgasm-Associated Pain: A Pilot Analysis". European Urology. 47 (3). Elsevier BV: 361–365. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2004.10.020. ISSN  0302-2838. PMID  15716202.
  6. ^ VALLANCIEN, GUY; EMBERTON, MARK; HARVING, NIELS; van MOORSELAAR, R. JEROEN A. (2003). "Sexual Dysfunction in 1,274 European Men Suffering from Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms". Journal of Urology. 169 (6). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 2257–2261. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000067940.76090.73. ISSN  0022-5347. PMID  12771764.
  7. ^ Butler, J D; Hershman, M J; Leach, A (1998). "Painful ejaculation after inguinal hernia repair". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 91 (8). SAGE Publications: 432–433. doi: 10.1177/014107689809100811. ISSN  0141-0768. PMC  1296846. PMID  9816362.
  8. ^ Aasvang, Eske K.; Møhl, Bo; Kehlet, Henrik (August 1, 2007). "Ejaculatory Pain". Anesthesiology. 107 (2). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 298–304. doi: 10.1097/01.anes.0000270736.28324.61. ISSN  0003-3022. PMID  17667575.
  9. ^ Aasvang, Eske Kvanner; Møhl, Bo; Bay-Nielsen, Morten; Kehlet, Henrik (2006). "Pain related sexual dysfunction after inguinal herniorrhaphy". Pain. 122 (3). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 258–263. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.035. ISSN  0304-3959. PMID  16545910. S2CID  32383060.
  10. ^ Verhagen, T.; Loos, M. J. A.; Scheltinga, M. R. M.; Roumen, R. M. H. (August 11, 2015). "Surgery for chronic inguinodynia following routine herniorrhaphy: beneficial effects on dysejaculation". Hernia. 20 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 63–68. doi: 10.1007/s10029-015-1410-5. ISSN  1265-4906. PMID  26260489. S2CID  31529831.
  11. ^ Merrick, Gregory S.; Wallner, Kent; Butler, Wayne M.; Lief, Jonathan H.; Sutlief, Steven (September 25, 2001). "Short-term sexual function after prostate brachytherapy". International Journal of Cancer. 96 (5). Wiley: 313–319. doi: 10.1002/ijc.1028. ISSN  0020-7136. PMID  11582584.
  12. ^ Matsushita, Kazuhito; Tal, Raanan; Mulhall, John P. (2012). "The Evolution of Orgasmic Pain (Dysorgasmia) Following Radical Prostatectomy". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 9 (5). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1454–1458. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02699.x. ISSN  1743-6095. PMID  22458302.
  13. ^ Koeman, M.; Van Driel, M.F.; Weijmar Schultz, W.C.M.; Mensink, H.J.A. (1996). "Orgasm after radical prostatectomy". British Journal of Urology. 77 (6). Wiley: 861–864. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1996.01416.x. ISSN  0007-1331. PMID  8705222.
  14. ^ Nickel, J. Curtis; Elhilali, Mostafa; Vallancien, Guy (February 10, 2005). "Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis: prevalence of painful ejaculation in men with clinical BPH". BJU International. 95 (4). Wiley: 571–574. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05341.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  15705082. S2CID  6048734.
  15. ^ Li, Man-Kay; Garcia, Lester; Patron, Nelson; Moh, Lei Chang; Sundram, Murali; Leungwattanakij, Somboon; Pripatnanont, Choosak; Cheng, Christopher; Chi-Wai, Man; Loi-Cheong, Ngai (November 13, 2007). "An Asian multinational prospective observational registry of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, with a focus on comorbidities, lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function". BJU International. 101 (2). Wiley: 197–202. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07320.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  18005205. S2CID  32972540.
  16. ^ Rosen, Raymond C.; Fitzpatrick, John M. (September 3, 2009). "Ejaculatory dysfunction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia". BJU International. 104 (7). Wiley: 974–983. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08503.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  19426189. S2CID  37298480.
  17. ^ Walz, Jochen; Perrotte, Paul; Gallina, Andrea; Bénard, Francois; Valiquette, Luc; McCormack, Michael; Montorsi, Francesco; Karakiewicz, Pierre I. (2007). "Ejaculatory Disorders May Affect Screening for Prostate Cancer". Journal of Urology. 178 (1). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 232–238. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.037. ISSN  0022-5347. PMID  17499807.
  18. ^ Kleinberg, Lawrence; Wallner, Kent; Roy, Jitendra; Zelefsky, Michael; Arterbery, V.Elayne; Fuks, Zvi; Harrison, Louis (1994). "Treatment-related symptoms during the first year following transperineal 125I prostate implantation". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 28 (4). Elsevier BV: 985–990. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(94)90119-8. ISSN  0360-3016. PMID  8138452.
  19. ^ Wagenlehner, Florian M.E.; van Till, J.W. Olivier; Magri, Vittorio; Perletti, Gianpaolo; Houbiers, Jos G.A.; Weidner, Wolfgang; Nickel, J. Curtis (2013). "National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) Symptom Evaluation in Multinational Cohorts of Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome". European Urology. 63 (5). Elsevier BV: 953–959. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.042. ISSN  0302-2838. PMID  23141933.
  20. ^ Tran, Christine N.; Shoskes, Daniel A. (April 12, 2013). "Sexual dysfunction in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome". World Journal of Urology. 31 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 741–746. doi: 10.1007/s00345-013-1076-5. ISSN  0724-4983. PMID  23579441. S2CID  6525027.
  21. ^ Michael, A. (2000). "Venlafaxine-induced painful ejaculation". British Journal of Psychiatry. 177 (3). Royal College of Psychiatrists: 282–283. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.3.282-b. ISSN  0007-1250. PMID  11040898.
  22. ^ Kulik, F. A.; Wilbur, R. (1982). "Case report of painful ejaculation as a side effect of amoxapine". American Journal of Psychiatry. 139 (2). American Psychiatric Association Publishing: 234–235. doi: 10.1176/ajp.139.2.234. ISSN  0002-953X. PMID  7055299.
  23. ^ Grosse, A. B. (1911). "Remarks on Impotentia Cocundi and Sexual Neurasthenia and Their Treatment". California State Journal of Medicine. 9 (1). BMJ Publishing Group: 25–27. PMC  1893601. PMID  18735133.
  24. ^ Edwards, A. (December 11, 1909). "Chronic Disease of the Colliculus Seminalis". BMJ. 2 (2554): 1672–1673. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.2554.1672. ISSN  0959-8138. PMC  2321775. PMID  20764794.
  25. ^ Waqar, Muhammad; Omar, Kawa; Moubasher, Amr; Brunckhorst, Oliver; Ahmed, Kamran (October 30, 2020). "Painful Ejaculation — An Ignored Symptom". Cureus. Cureus, Inc. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11253. ISSN  2168-8184. PMC  7707127. PMID  33269171.
  26. ^ Johnson, Christopher W.; Bingham, Jonathan B.; Goluboff, Erik T.; Fisch, Harry (December 20, 2004). "Transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts for treating ejaculatory symptoms". BJU International. 95 (1). Wiley: 117–119. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.05261.x. ISSN  1464-4096. PMID  15638907. S2CID  26723583.
  27. ^ Zaidi, Saher; Gandhi, Jason; Seyam, Omar; Joshi, Gunjan; Waltzer, Wayne C.; Smith, Noel L.; Khan, Sardar Ali (2019). "Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Seminal Vesicle Stones". Current Urology. 12 (3). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 113–120. doi: 10.1159/000489429. ISSN  1661-7649. PMC  6613319. PMID  31316318.

Further reading

External links


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