From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Poly(A) polymerase alpha is an
enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAPOLA
gene .
[5]
[6]
[7]
PAPOLA binds to
FIP1L1 (Factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1), a subunit of the
cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 (CPSF1) complex. This complex polyadenylates the
3' end of
precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNA) (see
CPSF ). CPSF1 is an
RNA processing protein that binds to
uracil -rich sequences in pre-mRNA, binds with and stimulates PAPOLA's
Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity, and thereby adds
adenylyl residues to pre-mRNA. This poly-adenylyl action increases pre mRNA's maturation and movement from the nucleus to cytoplasm while dramatically increasing the stability of the mRNA formed from pre-mRNA: FIP1L1 is a Pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing factor. FIP1L1
gene fusions between it and either the
platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha (PGDFRA ) or
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) genes are causes of certain human
diseases associated with pathologically increased levels of blood eosinophils and/or
Leukemias .
[8]
References
^
a
b
c
GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000090060 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
a
b
c
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021111 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
"Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A (Mar 1994).
"Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells" . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 91 (3): 979–83.
Bibcode :
1994PNAS...91..979T .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.91.3.979 .
PMC
521437 .
PMID
8302877 .
^ Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M (Sep 1999).
"Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence" . J Hum Genet . 44 (4): 253–5.
doi :
10.1007/s100380050154 .
PMID
10429366 .
^
"Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha" .
^
"FIP1L1 factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI" .
Further reading
Pendurthi UR, Alok D, Rao LV (1997).
"Binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor induces alterations in gene expression in human fibroblast cells: up-regulation of poly(A) polymerase" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 94 (23): 12598–603.
Bibcode :
1997PNAS...9412598P .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.94.23.12598 .
PMC
25051 .
PMID
9356495 .
Varani L, Gunderson SI, Mattaj IW, et al. (2000). "The NMR structure of the 38 kDa U1A protein - PIE RNA complex reveals the basis of cooperativity in regulation of polyadenylation by human U1A protein". Nat. Struct. Biol . 7 (4): 329–35.
doi :
10.1038/74101 .
PMID
10742179 .
S2CID
13432764 .
Mouland AJ, Coady M, Yao XJ, Cohen EA (2002).
"Hypophosphorylation of poly(A) polymerase and increased polyadenylation activity are associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr expression" . Virology . 292 (2): 321–30.
doi :
10.1006/viro.2001.1261 .
PMID
11878934 .
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003).
"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903.
Bibcode :
2002PNAS...9916899M .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.242603899 .
PMC
139241 .
PMID
12477932 .
Kim H, Lee JH, Lee Y (2003).
"Regulation of poly(A) polymerase by 14-3-3epsilon" . EMBO J . 22 (19): 5208–19.
doi :
10.1093/emboj/cdg486 .
PMC
204469 .
PMID
14517258 .
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004).
"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs" . Nat. Genet . 36 (1): 40–5.
doi :
10.1038/ng1285 .
PMID
14702039 .
Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, et al. (2004). "A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway". Nat. Cell Biol . 6 (2): 97–105.
doi :
10.1038/ncb1086 .
PMID
14743216 .
S2CID
11683986 .
Kaufmann I, Martin G, Friedlein A, et al. (2005).
"Human Fip1 is a subunit of CPSF that binds to U-rich RNA elements and stimulates poly(A) polymerase" . EMBO J . 23 (3): 616–26.
doi :
10.1038/sj.emboj.7600070 .
PMC
1271804 .
PMID
14749727 .
Dettwiler S, Aringhieri C, Cardinale S, et al. (2005).
"Distinct sequence motifs within the 68-kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im mediate RNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization" (PDF) . J. Biol. Chem . 279 (34): 35788–97.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M403927200 .
PMID
15169763 .
Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, et al. (2004).
"Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway" . Genome Res . 14 (7): 1324–32.
doi :
10.1101/gr.2334104 .
PMC
442148 .
PMID
15231748 .
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, et al. (2004).
"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 101 (33): 12130–5.
Bibcode :
2004PNAS..10112130B .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.0404720101 .
PMC
514446 .
PMID
15302935 .
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004).
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)" . Genome Res . 14 (10B): 2121–7.
doi :
10.1101/gr.2596504 .
PMC
528928 .
PMID
15489334 .
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature . 437 (7062): 1173–8.
Bibcode :
2005Natur.437.1173R .
doi :
10.1038/nature04209 .
PMID
16189514 .
S2CID
4427026 .
PDB gallery
1f5a : CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN POLY(A) POLYMERASE
1q78 : Crystal structure of poly(A) polymerase in complex with 3'-dATP and magnesium chloride
1q79 : CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN POLY(A) POLYMERASE