From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Overview of and topical guide to water
Faucet dripping water.
Structure of the
water molecule (H2 O)
The following
outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to water:
Water –
chemical substance with the
chemical formula
H2 O . A water
molecule contains one
oxygen and two
hydrogen
atoms connected by
covalent bonds. Water is a
liquid at
ambient conditions , but it often co-exists on
Earth with its
solid state,
ice , and
gaseous state (
water vapor or
steam ). Under nomenclature used to name
chemical compounds , Dihydrogen monoxide is the scientific name for water, though it is almost never used.
[1]
History
Chemical properties and use
Seawater .
Boiling water .
Physical properties
Frozen water, that is,
ice .
Geography
The
Water Cycle
Rapidly flowing
river .
Origin of water on Earth – Hypotheses for the possible sources of the water on Earth
Extraterrestrial liquid water – Liquid water naturally occurring outside Earth
Hydrosphere – Total amount of water on a planet
Hydrology – Science of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets
Water cycle – Continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth
Groundwater – Water located beneath the ground surface
Body of water – Any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's surface
Salt water – Water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts
Seawater – Water from a sea or an ocean
Ocean – Salt water covering most of Earth
Sea – Large body of salt water
Tide – Rise and fall of the sea level under astronomical gravitational influences
Brine – Concentrated solution of salt in water
Brackish water – Water with salinity between freshwater and seawater
Fresh water – Naturally occurring water with low amounts of dissolved salts
Aquifer – Underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock
River – Natural flowing watercourse
Drainage – Removal of water from an area of land
Drainage divide – Elevated terrain that separates neighbouring drainage basins
Drainage basin – Land area where water converges to a common outlet
Lake – Large body of relatively still water
Glacier – Persistent body of ice that is moving under its own weight
Geyser – Natural explosive eruption of hot water
Spring – A point at which water emenges from an aquifer to the surface
Waterfall – A point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop
Weather
A
snowflake .
Snow -covered trees.
Precipitation (meteorology) – Product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravityPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Rain – Precipitation in the form of water droplets
Freezing rain – Rain maintained at temperatures below freezing
Drizzle – Light liquid precipitation
Snow – Precipitation in the form of ice crystal flakes
Snow pellets – Precipitation that forms when supercooled droplets of water freeze on a falling snowflakePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Snow grains – very small particles of ice, the solid equivalent of drizzlePages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
Ice pellets – Precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice
Hail – Form of solid precipitation
Ice crystals – Water ice in symmetrical shapesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Dew – Water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening
Frost – Coating or deposit of ice
Hoarfrost – Coating or deposit of icePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Atmospheric icing – Weather condition in which water droplets freeze onto objects they come in contact with
Glaze ice – Coating of ice on objectsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Cloud – Visible mass of liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in the atmospheres
Fog – Atmospheric phenomenon
Mist – Phenomenon caused by small droplets of water suspended in air
Spindrift – Spray blown from cresting waves in gales
Flood – Water overflow submerging usually-dry land
Wave – Repeated oscillation around equilibrium
Wind wave – Surface waves generated by wind on open water
Tsunami – Series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water
Drought – Period with less precipitation than normal
In nature and life
Marine and aquatic life
Politics and issues
Human right to water and sanitation – Human right recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010
Water politics – Politics affected by the availability of water and water resources
Water law – Law and regulations that relate to water resourcesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Water right – Right of a user to use water from a water source
Water resources – Sources of water that are potentially useful
Reuse of water bottles – Waste managementPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Water crisis (disambiguation) – a type of crises focused on access to waterPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
Water industry – Drinking and wastewater services
Water privatization – Private sector participation in the provision of water services and sanitation
Water management – Sources of water that are potentially usefulPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Water conflicts – Conflict over an access to water resourcesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Water export – Outbound trade involving freshwater
Water pollution – Contamination of water bodies
Supply and sanitation
An example of a
Reservoir ,
Ladybower Reservoir .
Water supply – Provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations or others
Water supply network – System of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components providing water
Reservoir – Storage space for water
Dam – Barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface or underground streams
Water tower – Elevated structure supporting a tank
Aqueduct – Structure constructed to convey waterPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Pump – Device that imparts energy to the fluids by mechanical action
Water well – Excavation or structure to provide access to groundwaterPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Drinking Fountain – Architecture which pours water into a basin or jets it into the air
Water pipe – Systems for conveying fluidsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Tap (valve) – Valve controlling the release of a liquid or gas
Sanitation – Public health conditions related to clean water and proper excreta and sewage disposal
Drinking water – Water safe for consumption
Water fluoridation – Addition of fluoride to a water supply to reduce tooth decay
In culture and sport
Poseidon , Greek god of water. The Roman water god,
Neptune , was almost identical to Poseidon
Uses
Bathing – Washing or immersing the body with water
Sink – Bowl-shaped plumbing fixture
Bathtub – Large container for holding water in which a person may bathe
Shower – Place in which a person bathes under a spray of water
Drinking – Ingestion of water or other liquids
Use of water in fire fighting – Actions to prevent damage from firePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Irrigation – Agricultural artificial application of water to land
Professional diving – Underwater diving where divers are paid for their work
Naval warfare – Combat involving sea-going ships
Washing – Method of cleaning
Water transport – Transport of people or goods via waterwaysPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Water clock – Time-piece in which time is measured by the flow of liquid into or out of a vessel
Water-based sources of power
Water wheel – Machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power
Hydroelectricity – Electricity generated by hydropower
Hydropower – Power generation via movement of water
Marine current power – Extraction of power from ocean currents
Marine energy – Energy stored in the waters of oceans
Osmotic power – Energy available from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water
Tidal power – Technology to convert the energy from tides into useful forms of power
Wave power – Transport of energy by wind waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work
See also
References
External links