"Oriundi" redirects here. For the 1999 film starring Anthony Quinn, see
Oriundi (film).
The term oriundo (pronounced[oˈrjundo]; Italian plural oriundi) is an
Italian and
Portuguesenoun describing an
immigrant in a country, whose ancestry is from that same country. It comes from the
Latin verb oriri (orior), "be born", and is etymologically related to Orient.[1]
In
Spanishoriundo means native or inhabitant, but this term was also used in
Spain to refer to a series of athletes, born in
Latin America, whose ancestors were Spanish emigrants. In
Italian culture, an oriundo is someone who is living in a country other than the one of his origins (i.e. being of Italian descent and residing outside of
Italy). Oriundi are usually
foreigners to their country of origin in legal terms.[2] Whether or not they maintain cultural and linguistic ties with their country of origin usually depends on their upbringing, family background and preservation of cultural values.
Overview
Some oriundi have played for the
Italy or
Spain national football teams in international competition; among these are some who had previously represented their native country.
FIFA requires international footballers to have either citizenship of a country or close ancestral ties to it. Oriundi may qualify under the latter heading; in addition, they can acquire citizenship more easily than immigrants not of native extraction, owing to
jus sanguinis. When the
Italian and
Spanish leagues imposed quotas or bans on "foreign" players, oriundi were partially or totally exempt from these.
Tours by European club sides of Latin America were common from the 1920s to the 1950s; tours in the reverse direction also occurred. European managers often recruited Latin Americans they had seen playing on these tours. The recruitment of dual internationals was greatly reduced by FIFA which ruled in 1964 that a player could not represent more than one country.[3] In the 1960s, with incidents like the
Battle of Santiago in the
1962 FIFA World Cup and several finals of the
Intercontinental Cup, South American football came to be seen as more violent and defensive, and hence fewer players were recruited.[3]
Italian oriundi
The
Italian Americans who "returned" to Italy in the 1920s and '30s were known as rimpatriati ("repatriated people"). In
Fascist Italy, they automatically had
dual citizenship and had no need to undergo naturalization.[4]Vittorio Pozzo, manager of the Italy national team, selected several for the victorious
1934 FIFA World Cup side. He rebutted critics of this policy by saying "if they can die for Italy, they can play for Italy",[5] a reference to
conscription.
Enrique Guaita, Scopelli and Stagnaro tried to leave for
France to avoid being called up for the
Abyssinian campaign in 1936.[6]
In 1966, no new foreigners were admitted to the Italian league. Their presence was blamed for the continued underperformance of the national side, culminating at the humiliating defeat by
North Korea at
that year's World Cup.[9] The ban was eased when one foreigner per
Serie A team was allowed from 1980.[10]
- Pablo Albertinazzi - Rieti, San Severo, Catanzaro, Cagliari, Corato, Maddaloni, Capo d’Orlando - 2001-03, 2005–11
- Patrick Baldassarre - Treviso, College Italia, Treviglio, Lago Maggiore, Sassari, Scafati, Fortitudo Bologna, Trapani, Reggio Calabria - 2002–present.
- Marko Verginella - Udine, Reggio Calabria, Fabriano, Rieti, Sassari - 2004-08
-
Jeff Viggiano - Pavia, Milano, Biella, Treviso, Brindisi, Siena, Venezia - 2008-17
- Bruno Zanotti - Reggio Emilia, Jesi - 2006-07
Spanish oriundos
Few South Americans played football in Spain before
World War II.[14]Spain under
General Franco allowed for dual nationality with Latin American countries from 1954.[7] Players such as
Alfredo Di Stéfano,
José Santamaría and
Héctor Rial quickly transferred, and helped make
Real Madrid the dominant club of the early years of the
European Cup. In 1962, the Spanish League banned all foreign players, as their presence was blamed for the poor performance of the national team.[9]Oriundi were allowed if they had not been capped by their native country. As a result, clubs were anxious to prove Spanish ancestry for would-be imports, resulting in some dubious cases. Some players obtained forged
birth certificates, providing spurious Spanish ancestors. This was easy in
Paraguay during the corrupt dictatorship of
Alfredo Stroessner.[15] Consequent scandals emerged at various times, including one exposed by
FC Barcelona in 1972. In 1973, to reduce the incentive for corruption, up to two non-oriundi foreigners were allowed per team. Nevertheless, the recruiting of Latin American players continued so strong the
Argentine FA in preparation for hosting the
1978 FIFA World Cup forbade its preliminary squad of 40 from moving abroad, lest they be "poached".[16] Spain reduced the number of oriundi to one per team after another forgery scandal in 1979.[10] From 1979 to 1982, no Argentines were allowed abroad, and many like
Mario Kempes returned home.[10]
Real Madrid legend Alfredo Di Stéfano is a notable example; he was born in Argentina and played for the Argentina national team, but later obtained Spanish citizenship and represented Spain at the
1962 FIFA World Cup.
"Oriundi" redirects here. For the 1999 film starring Anthony Quinn, see
Oriundi (film).
The term oriundo (pronounced[oˈrjundo]; Italian plural oriundi) is an
Italian and
Portuguesenoun describing an
immigrant in a country, whose ancestry is from that same country. It comes from the
Latin verb oriri (orior), "be born", and is etymologically related to Orient.[1]
In
Spanishoriundo means native or inhabitant, but this term was also used in
Spain to refer to a series of athletes, born in
Latin America, whose ancestors were Spanish emigrants. In
Italian culture, an oriundo is someone who is living in a country other than the one of his origins (i.e. being of Italian descent and residing outside of
Italy). Oriundi are usually
foreigners to their country of origin in legal terms.[2] Whether or not they maintain cultural and linguistic ties with their country of origin usually depends on their upbringing, family background and preservation of cultural values.
Overview
Some oriundi have played for the
Italy or
Spain national football teams in international competition; among these are some who had previously represented their native country.
FIFA requires international footballers to have either citizenship of a country or close ancestral ties to it. Oriundi may qualify under the latter heading; in addition, they can acquire citizenship more easily than immigrants not of native extraction, owing to
jus sanguinis. When the
Italian and
Spanish leagues imposed quotas or bans on "foreign" players, oriundi were partially or totally exempt from these.
Tours by European club sides of Latin America were common from the 1920s to the 1950s; tours in the reverse direction also occurred. European managers often recruited Latin Americans they had seen playing on these tours. The recruitment of dual internationals was greatly reduced by FIFA which ruled in 1964 that a player could not represent more than one country.[3] In the 1960s, with incidents like the
Battle of Santiago in the
1962 FIFA World Cup and several finals of the
Intercontinental Cup, South American football came to be seen as more violent and defensive, and hence fewer players were recruited.[3]
Italian oriundi
The
Italian Americans who "returned" to Italy in the 1920s and '30s were known as rimpatriati ("repatriated people"). In
Fascist Italy, they automatically had
dual citizenship and had no need to undergo naturalization.[4]Vittorio Pozzo, manager of the Italy national team, selected several for the victorious
1934 FIFA World Cup side. He rebutted critics of this policy by saying "if they can die for Italy, they can play for Italy",[5] a reference to
conscription.
Enrique Guaita, Scopelli and Stagnaro tried to leave for
France to avoid being called up for the
Abyssinian campaign in 1936.[6]
In 1966, no new foreigners were admitted to the Italian league. Their presence was blamed for the continued underperformance of the national side, culminating at the humiliating defeat by
North Korea at
that year's World Cup.[9] The ban was eased when one foreigner per
Serie A team was allowed from 1980.[10]
- Pablo Albertinazzi - Rieti, San Severo, Catanzaro, Cagliari, Corato, Maddaloni, Capo d’Orlando - 2001-03, 2005–11
- Patrick Baldassarre - Treviso, College Italia, Treviglio, Lago Maggiore, Sassari, Scafati, Fortitudo Bologna, Trapani, Reggio Calabria - 2002–present.
- Marko Verginella - Udine, Reggio Calabria, Fabriano, Rieti, Sassari - 2004-08
-
Jeff Viggiano - Pavia, Milano, Biella, Treviso, Brindisi, Siena, Venezia - 2008-17
- Bruno Zanotti - Reggio Emilia, Jesi - 2006-07
Spanish oriundos
Few South Americans played football in Spain before
World War II.[14]Spain under
General Franco allowed for dual nationality with Latin American countries from 1954.[7] Players such as
Alfredo Di Stéfano,
José Santamaría and
Héctor Rial quickly transferred, and helped make
Real Madrid the dominant club of the early years of the
European Cup. In 1962, the Spanish League banned all foreign players, as their presence was blamed for the poor performance of the national team.[9]Oriundi were allowed if they had not been capped by their native country. As a result, clubs were anxious to prove Spanish ancestry for would-be imports, resulting in some dubious cases. Some players obtained forged
birth certificates, providing spurious Spanish ancestors. This was easy in
Paraguay during the corrupt dictatorship of
Alfredo Stroessner.[15] Consequent scandals emerged at various times, including one exposed by
FC Barcelona in 1972. In 1973, to reduce the incentive for corruption, up to two non-oriundi foreigners were allowed per team. Nevertheless, the recruiting of Latin American players continued so strong the
Argentine FA in preparation for hosting the
1978 FIFA World Cup forbade its preliminary squad of 40 from moving abroad, lest they be "poached".[16] Spain reduced the number of oriundi to one per team after another forgery scandal in 1979.[10] From 1979 to 1982, no Argentines were allowed abroad, and many like
Mario Kempes returned home.[10]
Real Madrid legend Alfredo Di Stéfano is a notable example; he was born in Argentina and played for the Argentina national team, but later obtained Spanish citizenship and represented Spain at the
1962 FIFA World Cup.