^Morales, J. F. 1999. A synopsis of the genus Odontadenia. Series of revisions of Apocynaceae XLV. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 67(1–4): 381–477
^Gentry, A. H. 2001. Apocynaceae. In: W.D. Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O.M. Montiel (eds.). Flora of Nicaragua. Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85(1): 116–132
^Funk, V. A., P. E. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 55: 1–584
^Morales, J. F. 1999. A synopsis of the genus Odontadenia. Series of revisions of Apocynaceae XLV. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 67(1–4): 381–477
^Gentry, A. H. 2001. Apocynaceae. In: W.D. Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O.M. Montiel (eds.). Flora of Nicaragua. Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85(1): 116–132
^Funk, V. A., P. E. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 55: 1–584