Nymphaea amazonum | |
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Scientific classification
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Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Order: | Nymphaeales |
Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
Genus: | Nymphaea |
Species: | N. amazonum
|
Binomial name | |
Nymphaea amazonum Mart. & Zucc.
[1]
| |
Synonyms [1] | |
|
Nymphaea amazonum is a species of water lily native to the region spanning from Mexico to tropical South America. It has been introduced to Bangladesh. [1]
Nymphaea amazonum is an aquatic herb. [2] It has dark brown to black, subcylindrical rhizomes, which can reach lengths of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) and widths of 3 centimetres (1.2 in). [3] The broadly ovate-elliptic leaf blade reaches 32 centimetres (13 in) in length and 26 centimetres (10 in) in width. [4] The actinodromous venation on the abaxial side of the mature leaf features strongly prominent and rounded veins. [2] The petiole is up to 8 mm wide and exhibits a ring of trichomes towards the apex. [4]
The nocturnal flowers float on the water surface. [2] They are attached to 10 mm wide peduncles, which rarely exhibit a ring of trichomes towards the apex. [4] The strong floral fragrance has been said to resemble that of Magnolia fuscata, [5] a synonym of Magnolia figo var. figo. [6] It has also been characterised as very pleasant. [7] [8] [9] The fragrance is also said to resemble petrol, xylol, [3] [4] benzene, PDB, turpentine, benzol, xylene, and acetone. [4] Fruits are produced very frequently. [4] Up to 22000 seeds are found in a single fruit. [5] The ovoid seeds are 1.3 mm long and 0.9 mm wide. [3] They are smooth, pilose and exhibit trichomes in continuous longitudinal lines. [2]
The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 18. [4]
Nymphaea amazonum is stoloniferous, [4] but does not produce proliferating pseudanthia. [2]
The seed dispersal is hydrochorous (i.e. water-dispersed) or ornithochorous (i.e. bird-dispersed). [10]
It was first described by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in 1832. [1]
The type specimen was collected in Brazil. [4]
It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Hydrocallis. [4]
Nymphaea amazonum was sepataed into the two subspecies Nymphaea amazonum subsp. amazonum and Nymphaea amazonum subsp. pedersenii Wiersema. [4] This view was later rejected and Nymphaea amazonum subsp. pedersenii Wiersema was then treated as a separate species Nymphaea pedersenii (Wiersema) C.T.Lima & Giul. in 2021. [11]
In Puerto Rico, USA Nymphaea amazonum faces habitat destruction. [12] It is considered to be endangered (EN) in Cuba, as it faces diminishing and deteriorating habitats caused by agricultural practices, the influence of exotic flora and fauna, livestock farming, sedimentation, and pollution. [13] In the Liste rouge de la flore vasculaire de Guadeloupe of 2019, Nymphaea amazonum is listed as data deficient (DD). [14]
In the Pantanal, it can be found in permanent ponds. [15] It is also found in lagoons and canals. [16] It is found growing in mixtures of clay and sand or in sandy-quartzitic soils. [13] Rhizomes of Nymphaea amazonum can endure periods of drought in moist sediments. In the floodplains of the Amazon, it faces competition from aquatic and semi-aquatic grass species. [17]
The strong floral fragrance attracts beetles of the genus Cyclocephala. [19] The beetle species Cyclocephala castanea pollinates the flowers of Nymphaea amazonum. [18]
Nymphaea amazonum is used as a medicine and for food. [1] The rhizomes are edible. [15] It has the ability to absorb the pesticides cyhalothrin and imidacloprid from the water. [20] [21] It exhibits antimicrobial properties in the treatment of ulcers. [22] The flowers have been used in the treatment of herpes and erysipelas. [23]
It is rare in cultivation. [5]
Nymphaea amazonum | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Scientific classification
![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Order: | Nymphaeales |
Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
Genus: | Nymphaea |
Species: | N. amazonum
|
Binomial name | |
Nymphaea amazonum Mart. & Zucc.
[1]
| |
Synonyms [1] | |
|
Nymphaea amazonum is a species of water lily native to the region spanning from Mexico to tropical South America. It has been introduced to Bangladesh. [1]
Nymphaea amazonum is an aquatic herb. [2] It has dark brown to black, subcylindrical rhizomes, which can reach lengths of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) and widths of 3 centimetres (1.2 in). [3] The broadly ovate-elliptic leaf blade reaches 32 centimetres (13 in) in length and 26 centimetres (10 in) in width. [4] The actinodromous venation on the abaxial side of the mature leaf features strongly prominent and rounded veins. [2] The petiole is up to 8 mm wide and exhibits a ring of trichomes towards the apex. [4]
The nocturnal flowers float on the water surface. [2] They are attached to 10 mm wide peduncles, which rarely exhibit a ring of trichomes towards the apex. [4] The strong floral fragrance has been said to resemble that of Magnolia fuscata, [5] a synonym of Magnolia figo var. figo. [6] It has also been characterised as very pleasant. [7] [8] [9] The fragrance is also said to resemble petrol, xylol, [3] [4] benzene, PDB, turpentine, benzol, xylene, and acetone. [4] Fruits are produced very frequently. [4] Up to 22000 seeds are found in a single fruit. [5] The ovoid seeds are 1.3 mm long and 0.9 mm wide. [3] They are smooth, pilose and exhibit trichomes in continuous longitudinal lines. [2]
The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 18. [4]
Nymphaea amazonum is stoloniferous, [4] but does not produce proliferating pseudanthia. [2]
The seed dispersal is hydrochorous (i.e. water-dispersed) or ornithochorous (i.e. bird-dispersed). [10]
It was first described by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in 1832. [1]
The type specimen was collected in Brazil. [4]
It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Hydrocallis. [4]
Nymphaea amazonum was sepataed into the two subspecies Nymphaea amazonum subsp. amazonum and Nymphaea amazonum subsp. pedersenii Wiersema. [4] This view was later rejected and Nymphaea amazonum subsp. pedersenii Wiersema was then treated as a separate species Nymphaea pedersenii (Wiersema) C.T.Lima & Giul. in 2021. [11]
In Puerto Rico, USA Nymphaea amazonum faces habitat destruction. [12] It is considered to be endangered (EN) in Cuba, as it faces diminishing and deteriorating habitats caused by agricultural practices, the influence of exotic flora and fauna, livestock farming, sedimentation, and pollution. [13] In the Liste rouge de la flore vasculaire de Guadeloupe of 2019, Nymphaea amazonum is listed as data deficient (DD). [14]
In the Pantanal, it can be found in permanent ponds. [15] It is also found in lagoons and canals. [16] It is found growing in mixtures of clay and sand or in sandy-quartzitic soils. [13] Rhizomes of Nymphaea amazonum can endure periods of drought in moist sediments. In the floodplains of the Amazon, it faces competition from aquatic and semi-aquatic grass species. [17]
The strong floral fragrance attracts beetles of the genus Cyclocephala. [19] The beetle species Cyclocephala castanea pollinates the flowers of Nymphaea amazonum. [18]
Nymphaea amazonum is used as a medicine and for food. [1] The rhizomes are edible. [15] It has the ability to absorb the pesticides cyhalothrin and imidacloprid from the water. [20] [21] It exhibits antimicrobial properties in the treatment of ulcers. [22] The flowers have been used in the treatment of herpes and erysipelas. [23]
It is rare in cultivation. [5]