The genus name Cyathea is derived from the
Greekkyatheion, meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped
sori on the underside of the fronds.
Description
The species of Cyathea are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk.
Conant et al. in 1996, concluded on molecular
cpDNA and morphological evidence that a system of three clades – Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris was the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the
Cyatheaceae, Alsophila being the most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris derived sister groups.[2] In the
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), these are accepted as separate genera, Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris.[3]Cnemidaria Presl, 1836 is a junior synonym or redundant subset.[4][5]
Species
As of July 2021[update], World Ferns (Version 12.3) accepted the following species:[6]
^Conant, D.S.; Raubeson, L.A.; Attwood, D.K.; Perera, S.; Zimmer, E.A.; Sweere, J.A.; Stein, D.B. (1996). "Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications of combined analysis of DNA and morphology in the Cyatheaceae". In Camus, J.M.; Gibby, M.; Johns, R.J. (eds.). Pteridology in perspective. Kew, U.K.: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 231–248.
ISBN9781900347099.
^PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603.
doi:10.1111/jse.12229.
S2CID39980610.
^Braggins, John E. and Large, Mark F. Tree Ferns. Timber Press (2004).
ISBN0-88192-630-2
^Hassler, Michael (2004–2021),
"Genus Cyathea J.E.Sm.", World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 12.3, retrieved 2021-07-25
Notes
Bibliography
Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2009). New combinations and an overview of Cyathea subg. Hymenophyllopsis (Cyatheaceae). Phytotaxa 1: 37–42.
Lehnert, M. (2006). New species and records of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) in the northern Andes. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 6: 321–322, electronic supplement 13: 1–11.
Lehnert, M. (2009). Three new species of scaly tree ferns (Cyathea-Cyatheaceae) from the northern Andes. Phytotaxa 2: 43–56.
The genus name Cyathea is derived from the
Greekkyatheion, meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped
sori on the underside of the fronds.
Description
The species of Cyathea are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk.
Conant et al. in 1996, concluded on molecular
cpDNA and morphological evidence that a system of three clades – Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris was the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the
Cyatheaceae, Alsophila being the most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris derived sister groups.[2] In the
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), these are accepted as separate genera, Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris.[3]Cnemidaria Presl, 1836 is a junior synonym or redundant subset.[4][5]
Species
As of July 2021[update], World Ferns (Version 12.3) accepted the following species:[6]
^Conant, D.S.; Raubeson, L.A.; Attwood, D.K.; Perera, S.; Zimmer, E.A.; Sweere, J.A.; Stein, D.B. (1996). "Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications of combined analysis of DNA and morphology in the Cyatheaceae". In Camus, J.M.; Gibby, M.; Johns, R.J. (eds.). Pteridology in perspective. Kew, U.K.: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 231–248.
ISBN9781900347099.
^PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603.
doi:10.1111/jse.12229.
S2CID39980610.
^Braggins, John E. and Large, Mark F. Tree Ferns. Timber Press (2004).
ISBN0-88192-630-2
^Hassler, Michael (2004–2021),
"Genus Cyathea J.E.Sm.", World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 12.3, retrieved 2021-07-25
Notes
Bibliography
Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2009). New combinations and an overview of Cyathea subg. Hymenophyllopsis (Cyatheaceae). Phytotaxa 1: 37–42.
Lehnert, M. (2006). New species and records of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) in the northern Andes. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 6: 321–322, electronic supplement 13: 1–11.
Lehnert, M. (2009). Three new species of scaly tree ferns (Cyathea-Cyatheaceae) from the northern Andes. Phytotaxa 2: 43–56.