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Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs
The Nemastomatidae are a family of
harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known.
Unlike some related currently recognized families, the Nemastomatidae are
monophyletic .
[1]
Members of the
Nemastomatidae range in body length from about one to almost six millimeters. Their
chelicerae are of normal proportions, but the
pedipalps are very elongated and thin in some groups. Leg length is likewise variable.
[1]
The Nemastomatidae are divided into two subfamilies. The subfamily
Ortholasmatinae occur on both sides of the
Pacific Ocean : in western North America from
Alaska and
British Columbia to
Mexico and possibly
Honduras , but also eastern Asia (
China ,
Japan
Thailand and
Vietnam ).
The subfamily
Nemastomatinae occur across Europe and near, including
Iceland and the
Caucasus , plus in the
Atlas Mountains of
North Africa , from
Anatolia to northern
Iran . A few species are found outside this region in
Central Asia and the
Himalayas . Most species are geographically restricted to small zones in mountainous regions.
[1]
The Nemastomatidae are probably a sister group to the
Dicranolasmatidae and
Trogulidae .
[1]
The genus name Nemastoma is a combination of
Ancient Greek nema "thread" and stoma "mouth", referring to the elongated pedipalps.
[1]
For complete breakdown, see the following (as of 2023):
[2]
For a broader recent listing of species see:
Giljarovia crimeana Tchemeris & Kovblyuk, 2012 – Ukraine
Giljarovia kratochvili Snegovaya, 2011 – Russia
Giljarovia redikorzevi Charitonov, 1946 – Georgia
Giljarovia rossica Kratochvíl, 1958 – Russia
Giljarovia stridula (Kratochvíl, 1958) – Russia
Giljarovia tenebricosa (Redikortsev, 1936) – Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey
Giljarovia thoracocornuta Martens, 2006 – Russia
Giljarovia triangula Martens, 2006 – Russia, Georgia
Giljarovia trianguloides Martens, 2006 – Russia
Giljarovia turcica Gruber, 1976 – Turkey
Giljarovia vestita Martens, 2006 – Russia, Georgia
Histricostoma anatolicum (Roewer, 1962) – Turkey
Histricostoma argenteolunulatum (Canestrini, 1875) – France (
Corsica ), Italy, Greece
Histricostoma caucasicum (Redikorzev, 1936) – Russia
Histricostoma creticum (Roewer, 1928) – Greece
Histricostoma dentipalpe (
Ausserer , 1867) – Central Europe
Histricostoma drenskii Kratochvíl, 1958 – Bulgaria
Histricostoma gruberi Snegovaya & Marusik, 2012 – Turkey
Histricostoma mitovi Snegovaya & Marusik, 2012 – Turkey
Mediostoma armatum Martens, 2006 – Iran
Mediostoma ceratocephalum Gruber, 1976 – Turkey
Mediostoma cypricum (Roewer, 1951) – Greece/Turkey: Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon,
Mediostoma globuliferum (L. Koch, 1867) – Greece
Mediostoma humerale (C.L. Koch, 1839) – Greece, Albania
Mediostoma izmirica Snegovaya, Kurt, & Yağmur, 2016 – Turkey
Mediostoma nigrum Martens, 2006 – Iran, Azerbaijan
Mediostoma pamiricum Staręga, 1986 – Tajikistan
Mediostoma stussineri (Simon, 1885) – Greece
Mediostoma talischense (Morin, 1937) – Azerbaijan
Mediostoma variabile Martens, 2006 – Iran, Azerbaijan
Mediostoma vityae (Roewer, 1927) – Greece
Mitostoma alpinum (Hadži, 1931) –
Southeastern Europe
Mitostoma anophthalmum (Fage, 1946) – Italy
Mitostoma atticum (Roewer, 1928) – Greece
Mitostoma cancellatum (Roewer, 1917) –
Balkans
Mitostoma carneluttii Hadži, 1973 – Montenegro
Mitostoma chrysomelas (Hermann, 1804) – Europe (widespread)
Mitostoma daccordii Tedeschi & Sciaky, 1997 – Italy
Mitostoma fabianae Tedescie & Sciaky, 1997 – Italy
Mitostoma gracile (Redikortsev, 1936) – Russia, Georgia, etc.
Mitostoma macedonicum Hadži, 1973 – Macedonia
Mitostoma olgae (Šilhavý, 1939) – (see below
Balkans )
Nemaspela abchasica Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963 –
Russia ,
Georgia /
Abkhazia
Nemaspela birsteini Levushkii, 1972 –
Georgia /
Abkhazia
Nemaspela borkoae Kozel, Delić & Novak, 2020 –
Montenegro
Nemaspela caeca (Grese, 1911) –
Ukraine (Crimea) [Can be "Grese in Nowikoff, 1911. Else, possibly should incl.
Phalangodes taurica (Lebedinskiy, 1914) per Chemeris (2009)].
Nemaspela femorecurvata Martens, 2006 –
Georgia
Nemaspela gagrica Tchemeris, 2013 –
Georgia /
Abkhazia
Nemaspela kovali Tchemeris, 2009 – Russia
Nemaspela ladae Karaman, 2013 – Bosnia & Herzegovina
Nemaspela melouri Martens, Maghradze & Barjadze, 2021 – Georgia
Nemaspela prometheusi Martens, Maghradze & Barjadze, 2021 – Georgia
Nemaspela sokolovi (Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963) – Russia
Nemaspela taurica (Lebedinski, 1914) –
Ukraine (Crimea) (See as synonym under
Nemaspela caeca per some e.g. Chemeris (2009).
Nemastoma bidentatum bidentatum Roewer, 1914 –
Central Europe ,
Southeastern Europe
Nemastoma bidentatum gruberi Novak, Slana Novak, Kozel & Raspotnig, 2021 –
Southern Europe
Nemastoma bidentatum martensi Novak, Slana Novak & Raspotnig, 2021 – Slovenia
Nemastoma bidentatum schmidti Novak, Raspotnig & Slana Novak, 2021 –
Central Europe ,
Southern Europe
Nemastoma bidentatum sneznikensis Novak, Komposch, Slana Novak & Raspotnig, 2021 – Slovenia
Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum Gruber & Martens, 1968 –
Central Europe ,
Southeastern Europe
Nemastoma bimaculatum (Fabricius, 1775) –
Europe (Widespread), Iceland
Nemastoma daciscum Koch, 1869 – (?) Insertae sedis
[3] ].
Nemastoma dentigerum Canestrini, 1873 –
Europe (Widespread)
Nemastoma kozari Novak, Kozel, Podlesnik & Raspotnig, 2021 – Bosnia & Herzegovina
Nemastoma lilliputanum (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria Insertae sedis
[3] ].
Nemastoma lugubre (Müller, 1776) –
Europe (Widespread)
Nemastoma pluridentatum (Hadži, 1973) –
Balkans
Nemastoma relictum (Gruber & Martens, 1968) – Austria
Nemastoma rude Simon, 1881 – France Insertae sedis
[3] ].
Nemastoma schuelleri Gruber & Martens, 1968 – Austria
Nemastoma transsylvanicum Gruber & Martens, 1968 – Romania
Nemastoma triste (C.L. Koch, 1835) –
Central Europe
Nemastomella cristinae (Rambla, 1969) – Spain
Nemastomella dentipatellae (Dresco, 1967) – Spain
Nemastomella dipentata (Rambla, 1959) – Spain
Nemastomella dubia (Mello-Leitão, 1936) – Spain [Inc.
N. integripes Mello-Leitão, 1936, synonymy by Staręga 1987: 303].
Nemastomella gevia Prieto, 2004 – Spain
Nemastomella hankiewiczii (Kulczyński, 1909) – Portugal
Nemastomella iberica (Rambla in Dresco, 1967) – Spain
Nemastomella maarebensis (Simon, 1913) – Algeria
Nemastomella manicata (Simon, 1913) – Spain
Nemastomella monchiquensis (Kraus, 1961) – Portugal
Nemastomella spinosissima (Kraus, 1961) – Spain
Paranemastoma aurosum (L. Koch, 1869) – Greece
Paranemastoma bacurianum (Mkheidze, 1959) – Georgia
Paranemastoma beroni Mitov, 2011 – Bulgaria
Paranemastoma bicuspidatum (C.L. Koch, 1835) –
Central Europe
Paranemastoma bolei (Hadži, 1973) – Macedonia Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma brevipalpatum (Roewer, 1951) – Spain Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma bureschi (Roewer, 1926) – Bulgaria, Tunisia (?
[3] )
Paranemastoma caporiaccoi (Roewer, 1951) – Italy Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma carneluttii (Hadži, 1973) – Montenegro Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma corcyraeum (Roewer, 1917) –
Balkans
Paranemastoma emigratum (Roewer, 1959 – India (?) Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma ferkeri (Roewer, 1951) – Turkey Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma filipes (Roewer, 1917) –
South Caucasus ,
Iran
Paranemastoma gostivarense (Hadži, 1973) – Macedonia Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma ikarium (Roewer, 1951) – Greece Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma ios (Roewer, 1917) – Greece Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma iranicum Martens, 2006 – Iran
Paranemastoma kaestneri (Roewer, 1951) – Greece Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma kalischevskyi (Roewer, 1951) –
South Caucasus
Paranemastoma karolianum Çorak Öcal, Bayram, Yiğit & Sancak, 2017 –
Turkey
Paranemastoma kochii (Nowicki, 1870) –
Central Europe ,
Southeastern Europe
Paranemastoma longipalpatum (Roewer, 1951) – Greece Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma longipes (Schenkel, 1947) –
Southeastern Europe
Paranemastoma macedonicum (Hadži, 1973) – Macedonia Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma machadoi (Roewer, 1951) – Spain Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma mackenseni (Roewer, 1923) – Serbia Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma montenigrinum (Nosek, 1904) – Montenegro Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma monticola (Babalean, 2011) – Romania
Paranemastoma multisignatum (Hadži, 1973) – Macedonia Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma nigrum (Hadži, 1973) – Macedonia Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma perfugium (Roewer, 1951) – Italy Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Perty, 1833) –
Europe (widespread)
Paranemastoma radewi (Roewer, 1926) –
Southeastern Europe
Paranemastoma redikorzevi (Roewer, 1951) – Ukraine Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma santorinum (Roewer, 1951) – Greece Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma senussium (Roewer, 1951) – Lybia Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma sillii (Herman, 1871) –
Central Europe ,
Southeastern Europe
Paranemastoma simplex (Giltay, 1932) – Greece
Paranemastoma sketi (Hadži, 1973) – Montenegro Nomen dubium
[3] –
Central Europe ,
Southeastern Europe
Paranemastoma spinosulum (Koch, 1869) – Greece Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma superbum Redikorzev, 1936 – Georgia, Turkey
Paranemastoma thessalum (Simon, 1885) – Greece, Bosnia & Herzegovina (?)
Paranemastoma titaniacum (Roewer, 1914) –
Southeastern Europe
Paranemastoma umbo (Roewer, 1951) – Georgia Nomen dubium
[3]
Paranemastoma werneri (Kulczyński, 1903) – Turkey
Asiolasma Martens, 2009 (6 species, Eastern Asia)
Cryptolasma Cruz-López, Cruz-Bonilla & Francke, 2018 (2 species, Eastern Mexico)
Ortholasma Banks, 1894 (5 species, Western USA, Northwestern Mexico)
Trilasma Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942 (9 species, Mexico, Honduras)
Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007). Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones . Harvard University Press, USA.
ISBN
0-674-02343-9
For older species listings, see:
Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog (2005) [defunct after 2014]:
Nemastomatidae