| Nardostachys | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Dipsacales |
| Family: | Caprifoliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Valerianoideae |
| Genus: |
Nardostachys DC. (1830) |
| Species: | N. jatamansi
|
| Binomial name | |
| Nardostachys jatamansi | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Nardostachys jatamansi is a species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family ( Caprifoliaceae). It is the sole species in genus Nardostachys. [3]
It is a perennial that grows in the Himalayas, primarily in a belt through Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan at elevations of 3,000–5,000 m (9,800–16,400 ft), [4] and in northern Myanmar and western and central China. [2]
It is a source of a type of intensely aromatic amber-colored essential oil, spikenard. The oil has, since ancient times, been used as a perfume, as a traditional medicine, and in religious ceremonies. It is also called spikenard, nard, nardin, or muskroot. It is considered endangered due to overharvesting for folk medicine, overgrazing, loss of habitats, and forest degradation.
Description
The plant grows 10–50 cm (4–20 in) in height and has pink, bell-shaped flowers. [5] Rhizomes (underground stems) can be crushed and distilled into an intensely aromatic amber-colored essential oil, which is very thick in consistency. Nard oil is used as a perfume, an incense, a sedative, and a herbal medicine said to fight insomnia, birth difficulties, and other minor ailments. [6]
Phytochemistry
Preliminary research on the chemical components of Nardostachys jatamansi indicates the plant contains: [7]
- acaciin
- ursolic acid
- octacosanol
- kanshone A
- nardosinonediol
- nardosinone
- aristolen-9beta-ol
- oleanolic acid
- beta-sitosterol
In spikenard
Nardostachys jatamansi may have been used as an ingredient in the incense known as spikenard, although lavender has also been suggested as a candidate for the spikenard of classical times. [8]
References
- ^ Traditions), K. Ravikumar (Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health; Technology (IHST)), Debabrata Saha (Institute of Trans-disciplinary Health Sciences and; Ved, D. K.; Haridasan, K. (July 16, 2014). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Nardostachys jatamansi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- ^ a b "Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC.", Plants of the World Online, retrieved 29 April 2024
- ^ "Nardostachys DC". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
- ^ Bakhru, H. K. (1993). Herbs that heal : natural remedies for good health (3rd print. ed.). New Delhi u.a.: Orient Paperbacks. p. 117. ISBN 978-8122201338.
- ^ Deyuan Hong; Fred R. Barrie; Charles D. Bell. "Nardostachys jatamansi". Flora of China. Vol. 1. Retrieved 6 June 2020 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ Dalby, Andrew (2000), Dangerous Tastes: the story of spices, London: British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-2720-0 (US ISBN 0-520-22789-1) pp. 83–88
- ^ Zhang, X; Lan Z; Dong XP; Deng Y; Hu XM; Peng T; Guo P. (January 2007). "Study on the active components of Nardostachys chinensis". Zhong Yao Cai. 30 (1): 38–41. PMID 17539300.
- ^ Fernie, William Thomas (1897). Herbal Simples Approved for Modern Uses of Cure. Philadelphia: Boericke & Tafel. p. 296. OCLC 1191267545.
External links
- Original botanical description by David Don from Prodromus Florae Nepalensis (1825), in Latin (archived by the Biodiversity Heritage Library)
- IUCN Red List critically endangered species
- Valerianoideae
- Caprifoliaceae genera
- Monotypic asterid genera
- Flora of Bangladesh
- Flora of North-Central China
- Flora of South-Central China
- Flora of East Himalaya
- Flora of Myanmar
- Flora of Nepal
- Flora of Qinghai
- Flora of Tibet
- Flora of West Himalaya
- Plants described in 1825
- Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
- Spices
- Incense material
- Perfume ingredients
| Nardostachys | |
|---|---|
|
| |
|
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Dipsacales |
| Family: | Caprifoliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Valerianoideae |
| Genus: |
Nardostachys DC. (1830) |
| Species: | N. jatamansi
|
| Binomial name | |
| Nardostachys jatamansi | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Nardostachys jatamansi is a species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family ( Caprifoliaceae). It is the sole species in genus Nardostachys. [3]
It is a perennial that grows in the Himalayas, primarily in a belt through Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan at elevations of 3,000–5,000 m (9,800–16,400 ft), [4] and in northern Myanmar and western and central China. [2]
It is a source of a type of intensely aromatic amber-colored essential oil, spikenard. The oil has, since ancient times, been used as a perfume, as a traditional medicine, and in religious ceremonies. It is also called spikenard, nard, nardin, or muskroot. It is considered endangered due to overharvesting for folk medicine, overgrazing, loss of habitats, and forest degradation.
Description
The plant grows 10–50 cm (4–20 in) in height and has pink, bell-shaped flowers. [5] Rhizomes (underground stems) can be crushed and distilled into an intensely aromatic amber-colored essential oil, which is very thick in consistency. Nard oil is used as a perfume, an incense, a sedative, and a herbal medicine said to fight insomnia, birth difficulties, and other minor ailments. [6]
Phytochemistry
Preliminary research on the chemical components of Nardostachys jatamansi indicates the plant contains: [7]
- acaciin
- ursolic acid
- octacosanol
- kanshone A
- nardosinonediol
- nardosinone
- aristolen-9beta-ol
- oleanolic acid
- beta-sitosterol
In spikenard
Nardostachys jatamansi may have been used as an ingredient in the incense known as spikenard, although lavender has also been suggested as a candidate for the spikenard of classical times. [8]
References
- ^ Traditions), K. Ravikumar (Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health; Technology (IHST)), Debabrata Saha (Institute of Trans-disciplinary Health Sciences and; Ved, D. K.; Haridasan, K. (July 16, 2014). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Nardostachys jatamansi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- ^ a b "Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC.", Plants of the World Online, retrieved 29 April 2024
- ^ "Nardostachys DC". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
- ^ Bakhru, H. K. (1993). Herbs that heal : natural remedies for good health (3rd print. ed.). New Delhi u.a.: Orient Paperbacks. p. 117. ISBN 978-8122201338.
- ^ Deyuan Hong; Fred R. Barrie; Charles D. Bell. "Nardostachys jatamansi". Flora of China. Vol. 1. Retrieved 6 June 2020 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ Dalby, Andrew (2000), Dangerous Tastes: the story of spices, London: British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-2720-0 (US ISBN 0-520-22789-1) pp. 83–88
- ^ Zhang, X; Lan Z; Dong XP; Deng Y; Hu XM; Peng T; Guo P. (January 2007). "Study on the active components of Nardostachys chinensis". Zhong Yao Cai. 30 (1): 38–41. PMID 17539300.
- ^ Fernie, William Thomas (1897). Herbal Simples Approved for Modern Uses of Cure. Philadelphia: Boericke & Tafel. p. 296. OCLC 1191267545.
External links
- Original botanical description by David Don from Prodromus Florae Nepalensis (1825), in Latin (archived by the Biodiversity Heritage Library)
- IUCN Red List critically endangered species
- Valerianoideae
- Caprifoliaceae genera
- Monotypic asterid genera
- Flora of Bangladesh
- Flora of North-Central China
- Flora of South-Central China
- Flora of East Himalaya
- Flora of Myanmar
- Flora of Nepal
- Flora of Qinghai
- Flora of Tibet
- Flora of West Himalaya
- Plants described in 1825
- Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
- Spices
- Incense material
- Perfume ingredients