From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1996 human spaceflight selection of 44 candidates; "The Sardines"
The Sardines
The astronauts of Group 16
Year selected 1996 Number selected 44
NASA Astronaut Group 16 ("The Sardines") was a group of 44 astronauts announced by
NASA on May 1, 1996.
[1] The class was nicknamed "The Sardines" for being such a large class, humorously implying that their training sessions would be as tightly packed as sardines in a can.
[2] These 44 candidates compose the largest astronaut class to date. NASA selected so many candidates in preparation for the anticipated need for
ISS crew members, along with regular shuttle needs. Nine of the 44 astronauts selected were from other countries including 5 from Europe and 2 from Canada and Japan.
Three members of this group,
William C. McCool ,
David M. Brown , and
Laurel B. Clark , died in the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster .
[3]
[4]
[5] These three received the
Congressional Space Medal of Honor .
[6]
Pilots
STS-109
Columbia
[8] (
Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission;
Columbia 's last successful flight)
STS-110
Atlantis
[10] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
S0 Truss Segment )
STS-122
Atlantis
[11] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
Columbus Laboratory )
STS-104
Atlantis
[13] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
Quest Joint Airlock )
STS-118
Endeavour
[14] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
S5 Truss Segment )
STS-129
Atlantis
[15]
Pilot,
STS-102
Discovery
[17] (
ISS resupply mission)
Pilot,
STS-114
Discovery
[18] (the first "Return to Flight" mission after the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster )
Pilot,
STS-108
Endeavour
[21] (
ISS supply mission)
Pilot,
STS-121
Discovery
[22] (
ISS resupply mission; second "Return to Flight" mission after the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster )
Commander,
STS-124
Discovery
[23] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
Japanese Experiment Module )
Commander,
STS-134
Endeavour
[24] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) and
ExPRESS Logistics Carrier-3 (ELC-3))
Pilot,
STS-103
Discovery (
Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission)
[26]
Commander,
STS-118
Endeavour (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
S5 Truss Segment )
[14]
Expedition 25
[27] /
26
[28]
Soyuz TMA-01M (launch and landing vehicle for Expedition 25/26)
[27]
Expedition 43
[29] /
Expedition 44
[30] /
Expedition 45
[31] /
Expedition 46
[32]
Soyuz TMA-16M
[29] /
Soyuz TMA-18M
[32] (Launch and landing vehicles for Expedition 43-46)
ISS year long mission
STS-111
Endeavour
[34] (
ISS resupply mission)
STS-113
Endeavour
[35] (launched the
P1 Truss Segment , last flight before the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster )
STS-107
Columbia
[38] (orbital science mission; last flight of Space Shuttle Columbia – RCC panel damage resulted in disintegration of Columbia )
STS-98
Atlantis
[40] (
ISS assembly mission – launched
Destiny )
STS-116
Discovery
[41] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
P5 Truss Segment )
STS-127
Endeavour
[42]
Mission specialists
STS-107
Columbia
[38] (orbital science mission; last flight of Space Shuttle Columbia – RCC panel damage resulted in disintegration of Columbia )
STS-106
Atlantis
[45] (
ISS supply mission)
STS-115
Atlantis (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
P3/P4 Truss Assemblies )
[46]
Soyuz TMA-22 (the launch and landing vehicle of
Expedition 29
[47] /
Expedition 30
[48] )
ISS
Expedition 29
[47] /
Expedition 30
[48] (6 month mission to the
ISS )
STS-114
Discovery
[18] (the first "Return to Flight" mission after the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster )
STS-107
Columbia
[38] (orbital science mission; last flight of Space Shuttle Columbia – RCC panel damage resulted in disintegration of Columbia )
Soyuz TMA-4 (the launch and landing vehicle of
Expedition 9 )
[55]
ISS
Expedition 9 (6 month mission to the
ISS )
[56]
Soyuz TMA-13 (launch vehicle for
Expedition 18 )
[57]
Expedition 18
[57]
STS-134
Endeavour
[24]
STS-105
Discovery (
ISS resupply flight)
[59]
STS-117
Atlantis (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
S3/S4 Truss Assemblies )
[60]
STS-128
Discovery
[61]
STS-113
Endeavour (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
P1 Truss Segment )
[35]
STS-116
Discovery (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
P5 Truss Segment )
[41]
STS-112
Atlantis
[65] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
S1 Truss Segment )
STS-126
Endeavour
[66]
ISS
Expedition 18 – Flight Engineer (3 month expedition)
[67]
[68]
STS-135
Atlantis
[69]
STS-109
Columbia
[8] (
Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission;
Columbia 's last successful flight)
STS-125
Atlantis
[71] (Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission)
STS-106
Atlantis
[45] (
ISS supply mission)
STS-118
Endeavour
[14] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
S5 Truss Segment )
STS-131
Discovery
[73]
ISS
Expedition 38
[74] /
Expedition 39
[75] (6 month mission to the
ISS )
Soyuz TMA-11M
[74] (the launch and landing vehicle of
Expedition 38 /
Expedition 39 )
STS-110
Atlantis (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
S0 Truss Segment )
[10]
STS-121
Discovery (
ISS resupply mission; second Return to Flight mission after the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster )
[22]
Lisa Nowak was arrested on February 5, 2007, after confronting a woman entangled in a
love triangle with a fellow astronaut. She was fired by NASA on March 7,
[78] and she became the first astronaut to be both grounded and dismissed (prior astronauts who were grounded due to non-medical issues usually resigned or retired).
STS-113
Endeavour
[35] (the launch vehicle of
Expedition 6 )
ISS
Expedition 6 (5½ month mission to the
ISS )
[80]
Soyuz TMA-1 (the landing vehicle of
Expedition 6 )
[81]
STS-126
Endeavour
[66] (
ISS resupply mission ULF2)
STS-100
Endeavour
[83] (
ISS assembly mission – launched
Canadarm2 )
ISS
Expedition 11 (6 month mission to the
ISS )
[84]
Soyuz TMA-6 (the launch and landing vehicle of
Expedition 11 )
[85]
STS-119
Discovery
[86]
STS-102
Discovery
[17] (
ISS resupply mission)
STS-112
Atlantis
[65] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
S1 Truss Segment )
STS-121
Discovery
[22] (
ISS resupply mission; Second "Return to Flight" Mission after the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster )
STS-132
Atlantis
[89]
STS-115
Atlantis
[46] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
P3/P4 Truss Assemblies )
STS-126
Endeavour
[66] (
ISS resupply mission ULF2)
STS-108
Endeavour
[21] (
ISS supply mission)
STS-120
Discovery
[92] (the mission launched him to the
ISS )
ISS
Expedition 16 (served as a Flight Engineer)
[93]
STS-122
Atlantis (the mission returned him to earth)
[11]
STS-110
Atlantis
[10] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
S0 Truss Segment )
STS-122
Atlantis
[11] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
Columbus Laboratory )
STS-135
Atlantis
[69]
STS-111
Endeavour
[34] (the launch vehicle of
Expedition 5 )
ISS
Expedition 5 (6 month mission to the
ISS )
[96]
STS-113
Endeavour (the landing vehicle of
Expedition 5 )
[97]
Soyuz TMA-11 (the launch and landing vehicle of
Expedition 16 )
[95]
ISS
Expedition 16 (6 month mission to the
ISS )
[98]
Soyuz MS-03
[99] /
MS-04 ,
[100] ISS
Expedition 50
[99] /
51
[101] /
52
[100]
STS-101
Atlantis
[103] (
ISS supply mission)
Soyuz TMA-8 (the launch and landing vehicle of
Expedition 13 )
[104]
ISS
Expedition 13 (6 month mission to the
ISS )
[105]
Soyuz TMA-16 ,
[106] ISS
Expedition 21
[106] ]/
22
[107]
Soyuz TMA-20M ,
[108] ISS
Expedition 47
[108] /
48
[109]
STS-121
Discovery
[22] (
ISS resupply mission; second Return to Flight mission after the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster )
STS-120
Discovery
[92] (
ISS assembly mission – launched
Harmony (Node 2) )
STS-131
Discovery
[73]
SpaceX Crew-9 (future flight)
International mission specialists
STS-95
Discovery
[112] (orbital science mission)
Soyuz TMA-3 (flew as a Flight Engineer for the Soyuz TMA)
[113]
Soyuz TMA-2 (flew as a Flight Engineer for the Soyuz TMA)
[114]
STS-116
Discovery
[41] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
P5 Truss Segment )
STS-128
Discovery
[61]
STS-75
Columbia
[117] (orbital science mission) – flight performed before being selected as Mission Specialist
STS-100
Endeavour
[83] (
ISS assembly mission – launched
Canadarm2 )
STS-52
Columbia
[119] (deployed the
LAGEOS -II Satellite) – flight performed before being selected as Mission Specialist
STS-115
Atlantis
[46] (
ISS assembly mission – launched the
P3/P4 Truss Assemblies )
STS-47
Endeavour
[121] (orbital science mission) – flight performed before being selected as Mission Specialist
STS-99
Endeavour
[122] (
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission )
STS-114
Discovery
[18] (the first "Return to Flight" mission after the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster )
Soyuz TMA-17 (ISS Expedition 22)
[124]
SpaceX Crew 1 (First official SpaceX crew mission to ISS)
[125]
STS-96
Discovery
[127] (
ISS supply mission)
STS-127
Endeavour
[42] (
ISS supply mission)
STS-111
Endeavour
[34] (
ISS resupply mission)
STS-99
Endeavour
[122] (
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission )
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External links
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