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Mughal–Rajput wars | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
Belligerents | |||||
Mughal Empire | Rajput Factions | ||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||
Babur Humayun Akbar Jahangir Shah Jahan Aurangzeb Bahadur Shah I Farrukhsiyar |
Rana Sanga Ajja Jhala Medini Rai Prithviraj Singh I Maldeo Rathore Udai Singh II Maharana Pratap Chandrasen Rathore Amar Singh I Durgadas Rathore Raj Singh I Sangram Singh II Raja Ajit Singh Jai Singh Sawai Jai Singh [1] |
The Mughal–Rajput wars were a series of battles between the Rajput Confederacy and the Mughal Empire. The conflicts originated with the invasion of northwestern India by the Mughal ruler Babur, to which the head of the Rajput confederacy, Rana Sanga, offered staunch resistance.
In 1526, when Babur invaded Hindustan, his forces faced a stiff resistance from Rana Sanga in the Battle of Bayana, but defeated Rana in the Battle of Khanwa in 1527. Emperor Babur died of natural causes in 1530. The hostility between Rajput Confederacy and the Mughal Empire still continued. [2]
Babur's grandson Emperor Akbar faced heavy resistance from Rana Udai Singh II and Maharana Pratap. [3] But in 1576 Akbar achieved a decisive victory in the Battle of Haldighati led by Man Singh I, a Rajput general of the Mughal Empire. The victory led to tremendous gains for the Mughal Empire. Subsequently Mughals and Rajputs established a peaceful relation with Emperor Akbar accepting many Rajput leaders into Mughal court and giving them top political positions. [4] Chandrasen Rathore led a rebellion for two decades against Akbar, but a large portion of Rajputs accepted Akbar's authority due to his religious tolerance achieving peace and harmony. [5]
The peace established during the time of Emperor Akbar was broken by the religious intolerant policies of his great grandson Aurangzeb. In 1679, the States of Mewar and Marwar rebelled against Aurangzeb. While a peace treaty was signed with Mewar after a year, war with Marwar went on until the death of Aurangzeb and concluded when the Rathore forces were finally able to capture Marwar following Aurangzeb's death which led to a succession war and the eventual decline of the Mugal Empire. [6]
Chhatrasal rebelled against Aurangzeb and later formed his own kingdom on Bundelkhand in the 1720s many years after the death of Aurangzeb· [7]
Since the time of Emperor Aurangzeb his hardline Islamism policies isolated his non-Muslim allies and the power of the Mughal Military had greatly diminished by the time of his death in 1707. Shortly after his death, during the Rajput rebellion of 1708–10, the Mughals were forced to accept a humiliating peace treaty with the Rajput Rajas. The Rajputs forced the Mughals to make them governors of Malwa, Sindh and Gujarat [8] In later years the declining Mughal Empire tried to collect taxes in Rajputana during the late 18th century, however they were met with resistance in every town and village, leading to unsuccessful invasions by the Mughal forces. These campaigns affected the Mughal Empire financially and caused arrears and the disbanding of large amounts of troops. The Mughal capital itself was affected, leaving only a few retainers to guard the palace and man the artillery. [9]
Shahbaz Khan's campaigns in Mewar comprised a sequence of battles through which the Mughals effectively subdued key regions of Mewar. These strategically crucial areas encompassed Kumbhalgarh, Mandalgarh, Chittorgarh, Gogunda, Udaipur, and Central Mewar. The Mughal victories solidified their control over these significant parts of Mewar, in the process signifying a pivotal conquest in the expansion of the Mughal Empire's domain in India.
The Mughals had shifted their attention to Punjab and other northwestern provinces after Jaganath Kachwaha's invasion of Mewar. Maharana Pratap took advantage of this situation to attack the Mughal occupied areas and captured thirty-six Mughal outposts. Udaipur, Mohi, Gogunda, Mandal and Pandwara were some of the important areas that were recovered through this conflict. [17] Chittor and Mandalgarh however continued to remain under the Mughals. [18] [19] [20] [21]
Babur sent a detachment to Bayana which was defeated and scattered by the Ranas forces. Baburs forces was already demoralised, hearing news of the valour of the Rajputs and the formidable force they had collected.
From Baburs memoirs we learn that Sanga's success against the Mughal advance guard commanded by Abdul Aziz and other forces at Bayana, severely demoralised the fighting spirit of Baburs troops encamped near Sikri.
The Saiyid returned to Kaladera where he was again routed by Durgadas. He then fled to Narnaul.
In the battle of Sambhar (Nov. - Dec , 1708) between the Rajputs and the Imperialists , Churaman attacked the Rajput forces , but when his companion Raza Bahadur was killed he fled towards his territory.
Battle of Gangwana 1741.
in a pitched battle at Mandan, both sides suffered heavily. Peero Khan died and Mitra Sen fled the field, leaving the Shekhawat chiefs victorious....Battle of Khatu–Shyamji. This last occurred when Murtaza Khan Bhadech was sent into Shekhawati to collect revenue arrears.....Devi Singh of Sikar defeated the intruder.
The Rajputs however made a long and desperate defence.....400 men of the garrison made a sortie and attacked the trenches of Mitra sen Ahir, inflicting a hundred casualties.....Nawal Singh Shekhawat, who was severely ill within the fort...and died.
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's
quality standards. (April 2024) |
Mughal–Rajput wars | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
Belligerents | |||||
Mughal Empire | Rajput Factions | ||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||
Babur Humayun Akbar Jahangir Shah Jahan Aurangzeb Bahadur Shah I Farrukhsiyar |
Rana Sanga Ajja Jhala Medini Rai Prithviraj Singh I Maldeo Rathore Udai Singh II Maharana Pratap Chandrasen Rathore Amar Singh I Durgadas Rathore Raj Singh I Sangram Singh II Raja Ajit Singh Jai Singh Sawai Jai Singh [1] |
The Mughal–Rajput wars were a series of battles between the Rajput Confederacy and the Mughal Empire. The conflicts originated with the invasion of northwestern India by the Mughal ruler Babur, to which the head of the Rajput confederacy, Rana Sanga, offered staunch resistance.
In 1526, when Babur invaded Hindustan, his forces faced a stiff resistance from Rana Sanga in the Battle of Bayana, but defeated Rana in the Battle of Khanwa in 1527. Emperor Babur died of natural causes in 1530. The hostility between Rajput Confederacy and the Mughal Empire still continued. [2]
Babur's grandson Emperor Akbar faced heavy resistance from Rana Udai Singh II and Maharana Pratap. [3] But in 1576 Akbar achieved a decisive victory in the Battle of Haldighati led by Man Singh I, a Rajput general of the Mughal Empire. The victory led to tremendous gains for the Mughal Empire. Subsequently Mughals and Rajputs established a peaceful relation with Emperor Akbar accepting many Rajput leaders into Mughal court and giving them top political positions. [4] Chandrasen Rathore led a rebellion for two decades against Akbar, but a large portion of Rajputs accepted Akbar's authority due to his religious tolerance achieving peace and harmony. [5]
The peace established during the time of Emperor Akbar was broken by the religious intolerant policies of his great grandson Aurangzeb. In 1679, the States of Mewar and Marwar rebelled against Aurangzeb. While a peace treaty was signed with Mewar after a year, war with Marwar went on until the death of Aurangzeb and concluded when the Rathore forces were finally able to capture Marwar following Aurangzeb's death which led to a succession war and the eventual decline of the Mugal Empire. [6]
Chhatrasal rebelled against Aurangzeb and later formed his own kingdom on Bundelkhand in the 1720s many years after the death of Aurangzeb· [7]
Since the time of Emperor Aurangzeb his hardline Islamism policies isolated his non-Muslim allies and the power of the Mughal Military had greatly diminished by the time of his death in 1707. Shortly after his death, during the Rajput rebellion of 1708–10, the Mughals were forced to accept a humiliating peace treaty with the Rajput Rajas. The Rajputs forced the Mughals to make them governors of Malwa, Sindh and Gujarat [8] In later years the declining Mughal Empire tried to collect taxes in Rajputana during the late 18th century, however they were met with resistance in every town and village, leading to unsuccessful invasions by the Mughal forces. These campaigns affected the Mughal Empire financially and caused arrears and the disbanding of large amounts of troops. The Mughal capital itself was affected, leaving only a few retainers to guard the palace and man the artillery. [9]
Shahbaz Khan's campaigns in Mewar comprised a sequence of battles through which the Mughals effectively subdued key regions of Mewar. These strategically crucial areas encompassed Kumbhalgarh, Mandalgarh, Chittorgarh, Gogunda, Udaipur, and Central Mewar. The Mughal victories solidified their control over these significant parts of Mewar, in the process signifying a pivotal conquest in the expansion of the Mughal Empire's domain in India.
The Mughals had shifted their attention to Punjab and other northwestern provinces after Jaganath Kachwaha's invasion of Mewar. Maharana Pratap took advantage of this situation to attack the Mughal occupied areas and captured thirty-six Mughal outposts. Udaipur, Mohi, Gogunda, Mandal and Pandwara were some of the important areas that were recovered through this conflict. [17] Chittor and Mandalgarh however continued to remain under the Mughals. [18] [19] [20] [21]
Babur sent a detachment to Bayana which was defeated and scattered by the Ranas forces. Baburs forces was already demoralised, hearing news of the valour of the Rajputs and the formidable force they had collected.
From Baburs memoirs we learn that Sanga's success against the Mughal advance guard commanded by Abdul Aziz and other forces at Bayana, severely demoralised the fighting spirit of Baburs troops encamped near Sikri.
The Saiyid returned to Kaladera where he was again routed by Durgadas. He then fled to Narnaul.
In the battle of Sambhar (Nov. - Dec , 1708) between the Rajputs and the Imperialists , Churaman attacked the Rajput forces , but when his companion Raza Bahadur was killed he fled towards his territory.
Battle of Gangwana 1741.
in a pitched battle at Mandan, both sides suffered heavily. Peero Khan died and Mitra Sen fled the field, leaving the Shekhawat chiefs victorious....Battle of Khatu–Shyamji. This last occurred when Murtaza Khan Bhadech was sent into Shekhawati to collect revenue arrears.....Devi Singh of Sikar defeated the intruder.
The Rajputs however made a long and desperate defence.....400 men of the garrison made a sortie and attacked the trenches of Mitra sen Ahir, inflicting a hundred casualties.....Nawal Singh Shekhawat, who was severely ill within the fort...and died.
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)