During the 1990s and the 2000s, the French governments have launched the modernization plans of French universities (in French, plans de modernisation des universités françaises). [1]
Investments of the state had been important, especially for the development of new academic centers before and after May 1968. However, these two modernization plans have been more publicized. [2]
This plan was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 23 May 1990. With initial funding of 32 billion of French francs over five years (1991-1995), it would increase the number of premises, while the number of students was increasing. [3] In 1994, operations were paid via the Contrat de projets État-région (Project contract state-region). The final funding was 40 billion francs (U2000 plan: 16.6; U2000 reported in CPER: 15.7, new operation in CPER: 8). [4]
This scheme has helped to build 3.5 million square meters of new buildings for higher education and research, including:
U3M plan, which combines state and local authorities, is a large-scale plan of the order of 50 billion of French francs. [5] It is part of an overall approach, the schema utility of higher education and research. Like its predecessor, this plan has been largely funded through the CPER 2000-2006 (42 billion francs). [6] It was more than build new premises but to rehabilitate the existing. A special effort was made to student life, 25% of the funding went to libraries, restaurants and dormitories. [7] [8]
The Campus Plan (in French, Plan campus), differs from the other two by at least two points:
Of the 35 billion euros of large loan, [10] 22 are for higher education and research. In particular:
During the 1990s and the 2000s, the French governments have launched the modernization plans of French universities (in French, plans de modernisation des universités françaises). [1]
Investments of the state had been important, especially for the development of new academic centers before and after May 1968. However, these two modernization plans have been more publicized. [2]
This plan was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 23 May 1990. With initial funding of 32 billion of French francs over five years (1991-1995), it would increase the number of premises, while the number of students was increasing. [3] In 1994, operations were paid via the Contrat de projets État-région (Project contract state-region). The final funding was 40 billion francs (U2000 plan: 16.6; U2000 reported in CPER: 15.7, new operation in CPER: 8). [4]
This scheme has helped to build 3.5 million square meters of new buildings for higher education and research, including:
U3M plan, which combines state and local authorities, is a large-scale plan of the order of 50 billion of French francs. [5] It is part of an overall approach, the schema utility of higher education and research. Like its predecessor, this plan has been largely funded through the CPER 2000-2006 (42 billion francs). [6] It was more than build new premises but to rehabilitate the existing. A special effort was made to student life, 25% of the funding went to libraries, restaurants and dormitories. [7] [8]
The Campus Plan (in French, Plan campus), differs from the other two by at least two points:
Of the 35 billion euros of large loan, [10] 22 are for higher education and research. In particular: