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---|---|
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Born | 1739 |
Died | 1815 |
Burial place | Sheikhan cemetery |
Nationality | Iranian |
Other names | Abu al-Qasim Qomi |
Occupation(s) | Faqīh, mujtahid, Marja' |
Known for | Qawanin al-Usul |
Mirza Abolghasem Gilani ( Persian: میرزا ابوالقاسم گیلانی), known as Mirza-ye Qomi ( Persian: میرزای قمی), the author of the book of Qawanin al-Usul ( Arabic: قوانین الاصول, means: The Laws of Principles), [1] was a Shiite jurist ( Faqīh), mujtahid, fundamentalist ( Usuli) and a religious reference ( Marja') during the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar in the twelfth century AH. [2] [3] [4] Mirza-ye Qomi was active and famous in poetry and calligraphy. He has left more than fifty thousand verses of poetry in Persian and Arabic, as well as writings in Naskh and Nastaliq scripts. [5] [6] [7]
Mirza Abolghasem Gilani, known as Mirza-ye Qomi, was born in 1739 CE in Japelaq District, Azna County, Lorestan Province, Iran. He grew up in Japelaq. He was also known as Mirza-ye Qomi because of his residence in Qom. [8] [9] [10]
Mirza Abolghasem Gilani, the son of Mullah Mohsen (Mohammad Hassan), was originally from Shaft, Gilan Province. His father went from Shaft to Japelaq, where he married and Mirza Abolghasem was born in the middle of the twelfth century in 1151 AH (1739 CE). Mirza's father, Hassan ibn Nazar Ali Keikhi Rashti, was himself a virtuous man and wrote the book "Kas al-Sa'ilin" ( Arabic: کأس السائلين, means: Askers' Cup) in the style of Kashkul. [11] Mirza's mother was also the daughter of his father's teacher Mirza Hedayatullah and was from a family of knowledge and virtue. [12]
He learned the basics of Islamic education from his father. Later, he went to Khansar to continue his education and benefited from Seyyed Hossein Khansari, son of Seyyed Abolghasem Khansari (Mirkabir) and married his teacher's sister (Seyyed Hossein Khansari) in the same city. Finally, to complete his education in 1174 AH (1761 CE), he left for Iraq and benefited from the presence of Muhammad Baqir Behbahani and received permission from him for Ijtihad and "Transmission of Hadiths". [13] After years of studying in the Karbala seminary, Mirza-ye Qomi returned to his hometown and spent some time preaching and teaching in those areas. [8] [9] [10]
Mirza-ye Qomi had been preaching and teaching in his hometowns for some time, but because he did not find much knowledge and education seeker there, he migrated to Qom, where he soon became the head of the Shiite authority. In this way, he started teaching, composing poetry, propagating and promoting Islam there. [8] [9] [10]
After that, he wrote and composed Tasnifs, taught and issued Fatwas, and propagated the Islam religion, and chose the city's Congregational mosque to hold Jumu'ah and Salah al jama'ah prayers. As a result of his actions, the seminary of Qom overshadowed the seminary of Isfahan - which at that time was an active and lively seminary with great Shiite teachers - and attracted the attention of Muslims. It was during this time that Fath Ali Shah Qajar, during his first trip to Qom, realized the moral virtues and carnal perfections and levels of Mirza-ye Qomi, and to visit him, Fath Ali Shah Qajar came to the Congregational mosque of the city and followed Mirza-ye Qomi in the Zuhr prayer and Asr prayer of that day. [8] [9] [10]
Mirza-ye Qomi has benefited from the presence of many masters. [12]
But his most important masters, who used their presence in the holy cities of Shiite such as Karbala and received "permission for ijtihad" from them. These include: [12]
One of the great services and valuable activities of this scientific personality was the training of excellent students, each of whom was a pioneer in the Islamic science and jurisprudence, the most prominent of whom are the following people: [12]
In most Islamic sciences, such as jurisprudence, principles, theology, meanings and expressions, hadith, history, rijal, philosophy, ethics, civil politics and state customs, Mirza-ye Qomi has left valuable and unprecedented compositions and writings, each of which expresses intellectual genius and the scientific taste of him. Most of his scientific works created during his stay in Qom, but the beginning of his writing and composition activity dates back to his youth when he was studying in the seminary of Khansar under master Agha Hossein Khansari. The writings and compositions of this eminent mujtahid are as follows: [12] [27] [28]
In addition to the above works, Mirza-ye Qomi has written several treatises on Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, the number of which is unknown. Some have counted his collection of over a thousand works, most of which are his treatises. Some of these treatises are at the end of the book of Jameh al-Shatat and also the book of Qanaem al-Ayyam fi Masael al-Halal va al-Haram, and some of them are also available as manuscripts in private and public libraries. [30]
Mirza-ye Qomi had many correspondences with Qajar dynasty kings, especially Fath Ali Shah, but unfortunately only a very small number of these letters are available. Among the most important of them are: [27] [28]
Mirza-ye Qomi died in 1815 CE (1231 AH) and was buried in Sheikhan Cemetery in Qom, Iran. [31]
Mirza-ye Qomi Square in Ayatollah Taleghani Street (Azar Street) in Qom is named after him.
| |
---|---|
| |
Born | 1739 |
Died | 1815 |
Burial place | Sheikhan cemetery |
Nationality | Iranian |
Other names | Abu al-Qasim Qomi |
Occupation(s) | Faqīh, mujtahid, Marja' |
Known for | Qawanin al-Usul |
Mirza Abolghasem Gilani ( Persian: میرزا ابوالقاسم گیلانی), known as Mirza-ye Qomi ( Persian: میرزای قمی), the author of the book of Qawanin al-Usul ( Arabic: قوانین الاصول, means: The Laws of Principles), [1] was a Shiite jurist ( Faqīh), mujtahid, fundamentalist ( Usuli) and a religious reference ( Marja') during the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar in the twelfth century AH. [2] [3] [4] Mirza-ye Qomi was active and famous in poetry and calligraphy. He has left more than fifty thousand verses of poetry in Persian and Arabic, as well as writings in Naskh and Nastaliq scripts. [5] [6] [7]
Mirza Abolghasem Gilani, known as Mirza-ye Qomi, was born in 1739 CE in Japelaq District, Azna County, Lorestan Province, Iran. He grew up in Japelaq. He was also known as Mirza-ye Qomi because of his residence in Qom. [8] [9] [10]
Mirza Abolghasem Gilani, the son of Mullah Mohsen (Mohammad Hassan), was originally from Shaft, Gilan Province. His father went from Shaft to Japelaq, where he married and Mirza Abolghasem was born in the middle of the twelfth century in 1151 AH (1739 CE). Mirza's father, Hassan ibn Nazar Ali Keikhi Rashti, was himself a virtuous man and wrote the book "Kas al-Sa'ilin" ( Arabic: کأس السائلين, means: Askers' Cup) in the style of Kashkul. [11] Mirza's mother was also the daughter of his father's teacher Mirza Hedayatullah and was from a family of knowledge and virtue. [12]
He learned the basics of Islamic education from his father. Later, he went to Khansar to continue his education and benefited from Seyyed Hossein Khansari, son of Seyyed Abolghasem Khansari (Mirkabir) and married his teacher's sister (Seyyed Hossein Khansari) in the same city. Finally, to complete his education in 1174 AH (1761 CE), he left for Iraq and benefited from the presence of Muhammad Baqir Behbahani and received permission from him for Ijtihad and "Transmission of Hadiths". [13] After years of studying in the Karbala seminary, Mirza-ye Qomi returned to his hometown and spent some time preaching and teaching in those areas. [8] [9] [10]
Mirza-ye Qomi had been preaching and teaching in his hometowns for some time, but because he did not find much knowledge and education seeker there, he migrated to Qom, where he soon became the head of the Shiite authority. In this way, he started teaching, composing poetry, propagating and promoting Islam there. [8] [9] [10]
After that, he wrote and composed Tasnifs, taught and issued Fatwas, and propagated the Islam religion, and chose the city's Congregational mosque to hold Jumu'ah and Salah al jama'ah prayers. As a result of his actions, the seminary of Qom overshadowed the seminary of Isfahan - which at that time was an active and lively seminary with great Shiite teachers - and attracted the attention of Muslims. It was during this time that Fath Ali Shah Qajar, during his first trip to Qom, realized the moral virtues and carnal perfections and levels of Mirza-ye Qomi, and to visit him, Fath Ali Shah Qajar came to the Congregational mosque of the city and followed Mirza-ye Qomi in the Zuhr prayer and Asr prayer of that day. [8] [9] [10]
Mirza-ye Qomi has benefited from the presence of many masters. [12]
But his most important masters, who used their presence in the holy cities of Shiite such as Karbala and received "permission for ijtihad" from them. These include: [12]
One of the great services and valuable activities of this scientific personality was the training of excellent students, each of whom was a pioneer in the Islamic science and jurisprudence, the most prominent of whom are the following people: [12]
In most Islamic sciences, such as jurisprudence, principles, theology, meanings and expressions, hadith, history, rijal, philosophy, ethics, civil politics and state customs, Mirza-ye Qomi has left valuable and unprecedented compositions and writings, each of which expresses intellectual genius and the scientific taste of him. Most of his scientific works created during his stay in Qom, but the beginning of his writing and composition activity dates back to his youth when he was studying in the seminary of Khansar under master Agha Hossein Khansari. The writings and compositions of this eminent mujtahid are as follows: [12] [27] [28]
In addition to the above works, Mirza-ye Qomi has written several treatises on Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, the number of which is unknown. Some have counted his collection of over a thousand works, most of which are his treatises. Some of these treatises are at the end of the book of Jameh al-Shatat and also the book of Qanaem al-Ayyam fi Masael al-Halal va al-Haram, and some of them are also available as manuscripts in private and public libraries. [30]
Mirza-ye Qomi had many correspondences with Qajar dynasty kings, especially Fath Ali Shah, but unfortunately only a very small number of these letters are available. Among the most important of them are: [27] [28]
Mirza-ye Qomi died in 1815 CE (1231 AH) and was buried in Sheikhan Cemetery in Qom, Iran. [31]
Mirza-ye Qomi Square in Ayatollah Taleghani Street (Azar Street) in Qom is named after him.