Micah 4 | |
---|---|
![]() Israeli postage stamp 0.50 Israeli lira, dedicated to the World refugee year, features a quotation from
Micah 4:4. | |
Book | Book of Micah |
Category | Nevi'im |
Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 33 |
Micah 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Micah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. [1] [2] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Micah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. [3] [4]
The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 13 verses in English Bibles, but 14 verses in Hebrew Bible ( Masoretic Text) using a different verse numbering (see below).
There are some differences in verse numbering of this chapter in English Bibles and Hebrew texts: [5]
English | Hebrew |
---|---|
4:1–13 | 4:1–13 |
5:1 | 4:14 |
This article generally follows the common numbering in Christian English Bible versions, with notes to the numbering in Hebrew Bible versions.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Codex Leningradensis (1008). [6] [a] Fragments cumulatively containing all verses of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1–2; [8] [9] [10] and Wadi Murabba'at Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75-100 CE) with extant verses 1–13. [9] [11]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century). [12] [b] Some fragments containing parts of this chapter (a revision of the Septuagint) were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, Naḥal Ḥever (8ḤevXIIgr; late 1st century BCE) with extant verses 3–10. [9] [14]
This section begins with a vision of universal peace, with several verbal associations to the last part of chapter 3. The peace (verses 3b–4) is linked to the willingness of the nations to submit to God's order, as urged in verse 5. Verses 1–3 have a close parallel in Isaiah 2:2–4, and each passage has a concluding verse ( Isaiah 2:5; Micah 4:5). [15]
This verse does not have parallel in the corresponding passage in the Book of Isaiah, so it is considered an original part of the oracle to Micah, although it still has 'Isaianic characteristics', pointing to the existence of 'a common original which was developed in Isaianic circles'. [15]
The realization of the vision (cf. 'in that day') will begin by God's rule in Zion over the restored remnant. As 4:1–5 reverses 3:9–12, so here the judgement of 2:12–13 is overturned (see too Zephaniah 3:11–20). This absolute use of the word 'remnant' is post-exilic, and helps to locate the setting of the redaction of this section as a whole. [15]
This section has a balanced structure, with verses 4:8 and 5:2 (introducing 5:2–6) exactly parallel, and three short paragraphs in between, each of which is introduced by the word 'now' (4:9, 11; 5:1). [20]
Micah 4 | |
---|---|
![]() Israeli postage stamp 0.50 Israeli lira, dedicated to the World refugee year, features a quotation from
Micah 4:4. | |
Book | Book of Micah |
Category | Nevi'im |
Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 33 |
Micah 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Micah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. [1] [2] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Micah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. [3] [4]
The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 13 verses in English Bibles, but 14 verses in Hebrew Bible ( Masoretic Text) using a different verse numbering (see below).
There are some differences in verse numbering of this chapter in English Bibles and Hebrew texts: [5]
English | Hebrew |
---|---|
4:1–13 | 4:1–13 |
5:1 | 4:14 |
This article generally follows the common numbering in Christian English Bible versions, with notes to the numbering in Hebrew Bible versions.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Codex Leningradensis (1008). [6] [a] Fragments cumulatively containing all verses of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1–2; [8] [9] [10] and Wadi Murabba'at Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75-100 CE) with extant verses 1–13. [9] [11]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century). [12] [b] Some fragments containing parts of this chapter (a revision of the Septuagint) were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, Naḥal Ḥever (8ḤevXIIgr; late 1st century BCE) with extant verses 3–10. [9] [14]
This section begins with a vision of universal peace, with several verbal associations to the last part of chapter 3. The peace (verses 3b–4) is linked to the willingness of the nations to submit to God's order, as urged in verse 5. Verses 1–3 have a close parallel in Isaiah 2:2–4, and each passage has a concluding verse ( Isaiah 2:5; Micah 4:5). [15]
This verse does not have parallel in the corresponding passage in the Book of Isaiah, so it is considered an original part of the oracle to Micah, although it still has 'Isaianic characteristics', pointing to the existence of 'a common original which was developed in Isaianic circles'. [15]
The realization of the vision (cf. 'in that day') will begin by God's rule in Zion over the restored remnant. As 4:1–5 reverses 3:9–12, so here the judgement of 2:12–13 is overturned (see too Zephaniah 3:11–20). This absolute use of the word 'remnant' is post-exilic, and helps to locate the setting of the redaction of this section as a whole. [15]
This section has a balanced structure, with verses 4:8 and 5:2 (introducing 5:2–6) exactly parallel, and three short paragraphs in between, each of which is introduced by the word 'now' (4:9, 11; 5:1). [20]