Methylammonium halides are organic halides with a formula of [CH3NH3+X−, where X is F for methylammonium fluoride, Cl for methylammonium chloride, Br for methylammonium bromide, or I for methylammonium iodide. Generally they are white or light colored powders.
Applications
These salts are components of perovskite solar cells, which are being evaluated for commercialization. [1] The iodide is the most commonly used. Magneto-optical data storage concepts are also being testing based on various ammonium halides. [2]
Production
These compounds are usually prepared by combining equimolar amounts of methylamine with the appropriate halide acid. For instance methylammonium iodide is prepared by combining methylamine and hydrogen iodide at 0 °C for 120 minutes followed by evaporation at 60 °C, yielding crystals of methylammonium iodide. [3]
- CH3NH2 + HI → [CH3NH3]I
Crystallography
These compounds' crystallography has been the subject of much investigation. J.S. Hendricks published an early paper on them in 1928. [4] Methylammonium chloride was investigated again in 1946 [5] and methylammonium bromide in 1961. [6]
See also
References
- ^ Li, Hangqian. (2016). "A modified sequential deposition method for fabrication of perovskite solar cells". Solar Energy. 126: 243–251. Bibcode: 2016SoEn..126..243L. doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.045.
- ^ Náfrádi, Bálint (24 November 2016). "Optically switched magnetism in photovoltaic perovskite CH3NH3(Mn:Pb)I3". Nature Communications. 7: 13406. arXiv: 1611.08205. Bibcode: 2016NatCo...713406N. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13406. PMC 5123013. PMID 27882917.
- ^ Qiu, Jianhang; Qiu, Yongcai; Yan, Keyou; Zhong, Min; Mu, Cheng; Yan, He; Yang, Shihe (2013), "All-solid-state hybrid solar cells based on a new organometal halide perovskite sensitizer and one-dimensional TiO2 nanowire arrays", Nanoscale, 5 (8): 3245–3248, Bibcode: 2013Nanos...5.3245Q, doi: 10.1039/C3NR00218G, PMID 23508213
- ^ Hendricks, J.S. (1928), "The crystal structures of the monomethyl ammonium halides", Z. Kristallogr., 67 (1): 106–118, doi: 10.1524/zkri.1928.67.1.106, S2CID 101288454
- ^ Hughes, Edward W.; Lipscomb, William N. (1946), "The Crystal Structure of Methylammonium Chloride", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68 (10): 1970–1975, doi: 10.1021/ja01214a029
- ^ Gabe, E.J. (1961), "The crystal structure of methylammonium bromide", Acta Crystallogr., 14 (12): 1296, doi: 10.1107/S0365110X6100382X
Methylammonium halides are organic halides with a formula of [CH3NH3+X−, where X is F for methylammonium fluoride, Cl for methylammonium chloride, Br for methylammonium bromide, or I for methylammonium iodide. Generally they are white or light colored powders.
Applications
These salts are components of perovskite solar cells, which are being evaluated for commercialization. [1] The iodide is the most commonly used. Magneto-optical data storage concepts are also being testing based on various ammonium halides. [2]
Production
These compounds are usually prepared by combining equimolar amounts of methylamine with the appropriate halide acid. For instance methylammonium iodide is prepared by combining methylamine and hydrogen iodide at 0 °C for 120 minutes followed by evaporation at 60 °C, yielding crystals of methylammonium iodide. [3]
- CH3NH2 + HI → [CH3NH3]I
Crystallography
These compounds' crystallography has been the subject of much investigation. J.S. Hendricks published an early paper on them in 1928. [4] Methylammonium chloride was investigated again in 1946 [5] and methylammonium bromide in 1961. [6]
See also
References
- ^ Li, Hangqian. (2016). "A modified sequential deposition method for fabrication of perovskite solar cells". Solar Energy. 126: 243–251. Bibcode: 2016SoEn..126..243L. doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.045.
- ^ Náfrádi, Bálint (24 November 2016). "Optically switched magnetism in photovoltaic perovskite CH3NH3(Mn:Pb)I3". Nature Communications. 7: 13406. arXiv: 1611.08205. Bibcode: 2016NatCo...713406N. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13406. PMC 5123013. PMID 27882917.
- ^ Qiu, Jianhang; Qiu, Yongcai; Yan, Keyou; Zhong, Min; Mu, Cheng; Yan, He; Yang, Shihe (2013), "All-solid-state hybrid solar cells based on a new organometal halide perovskite sensitizer and one-dimensional TiO2 nanowire arrays", Nanoscale, 5 (8): 3245–3248, Bibcode: 2013Nanos...5.3245Q, doi: 10.1039/C3NR00218G, PMID 23508213
- ^ Hendricks, J.S. (1928), "The crystal structures of the monomethyl ammonium halides", Z. Kristallogr., 67 (1): 106–118, doi: 10.1524/zkri.1928.67.1.106, S2CID 101288454
- ^ Hughes, Edward W.; Lipscomb, William N. (1946), "The Crystal Structure of Methylammonium Chloride", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68 (10): 1970–1975, doi: 10.1021/ja01214a029
- ^ Gabe, E.J. (1961), "The crystal structure of methylammonium bromide", Acta Crystallogr., 14 (12): 1296, doi: 10.1107/S0365110X6100382X