^
abcdefgSmith, Kenneth G.V.; Vockeroth, J.R. (1980). Crosskey, R.W. (ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. London: British museum (Natural History). pp. 1–1436.
ISBN0-565-00821-8.
^Hippa, H.; Ståhls, G. (2005). "Morphological characters of adult Syrphidae: descriptions and phylogenetic utility". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 215: 1–72.
^
abcHull, Frank M. (1964). "Diptera (Brachycera) Syrphidae". South African Animal Life. 10: 442–496.
^
abcdefgSmith, Kenneth G.V.; Vockeroth, J.R. (1980). Crosskey, R.W. (ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. London: British museum (Natural History). pp. 1–1436.
ISBN0-565-00821-8.
^Hippa, H.; Ståhls, G. (2005). "Morphological characters of adult Syrphidae: descriptions and phylogenetic utility". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 215: 1–72.
^
abcHull, Frank M. (1964). "Diptera (Brachycera) Syrphidae". South African Animal Life. 10: 442–496.