Satyrium L. 1753, rejected name, not the accepted name Sw. 1800
Diplorrhiza Ehrh.
Dactylorrhiza Neck., rejected name
Satorkis Thouars, illegitimate superfluous name
Coeloglossum Hartm.
Entaticus Gray, illegitimate superfluous name
Streptogyne Rchb.f.
Dactylorchis (Klinge) Verm.
× Dactyloglossum P.F. Hunt & Summerh.
Dactylorhiza is a
genus of
flowering plants in the orchid
familyOrchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids.[2]Dactylorhiza were previously classified under Orchis, which has two round tubers.[3]
Description
They are
hardytuberousgeophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions. The tuber is flattened and finger-like. The long
leaves are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long
stem which reaches a height of 70–90 cm (28–35 in). Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem. The
inflorescence, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact
raceme with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are white and all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.
Taxonomy
Etymology
The name Dactylorhiza is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος daktylos 'finger' and ῥίζα rhiza 'root', referring to the palmately two- to five-lobed tubers of this genus.
Species
Many
species in this genus
hybridise so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague (but see[4]), with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as
pulverised fuel ash, where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them.
Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. lillsundica (D. fuchsii × D. incarnata subsp. ochroleuca) (N. & W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. variablis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. incarnata) (W. Europe). *Dactylorhiza × komiensis (D. hebridensis × D. maculata) (E. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × kopdagiana (D. iberica × D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × koutsourana (D. baumanniana × D. smolikana) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × kuuskiae (D.longifolia × D. traunsteineri) (E. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × latirella (D. incarnata × D. purpurella) (W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × lehmannii (D. incarnata × D. russowii) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × megapolitana (D. fuchsii × D. russowii) (C. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × metsowonensis (D. kalopissii × D. sambucina) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × mixtum (D. fuchsii × D. viridis) (W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × mulignensis (D. incarnata subsp. pulchella × D. majalis) (C. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × nevskii (D. osmanica × D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × ornonensis (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. incarnata × D. maculata) (W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × paridaeniana (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × pontica (D. urvilleana × D. viridis) (Turkey)
Dactylorhiza × prochazkana (D. bohemica × D. maculata) (EC. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × renzii (D. incarnata × D. nieschalkiorum) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × rizeana (D. euxina × D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × rombucina (D. romana × D. sambucina) (C. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × ruppertii (D. majalis × D. sambucina) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × salictina (D. pindica × D. smolikana) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × serbica (D. incarnata × D. saccifera) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × serreana (D. graeca × D. lagotis) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × sivasiana (D. umbrosa × D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × sooi (D. alpestris × D. fuchsii.) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × souflikensis (D. baumanniana × D. pindica) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × stagni-novi (D. brennensis × D. fuchsii) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × szaboiana (D. cordigera × D. sudetica) (SE. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × transiens (D. fuchsii × D. maculata subsp. ericetorum) (Europe)
Dactylorhiza × transiens nothosubsp. corylensis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. maculata)
De Hert, Koen; Jacquemyn, Hans; Van Glabeke, Sabine; Roldán-Ruiz, Isabel; Vandepitte, Katrien; Leus, Leen & Honnay, Olivier (2011). "Patterns of hybridization between diploid and derived allotetraploid species of Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) co-occurring in Belgium". American Journal of Botany. 98 (6): 946–955.
doi:
10.3732/ajb.1000367.
PMID21653507.
Paun, Ovidiu; Luna, Javier A.; Fay, Michael F.; Bateman, Richard M. & Chase, Mark W. (2010).
"Genomic responses drive adaptation in allotetraploid species of Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae; Orchidinae)". In Seberg, Ole; Petersen, Gitte; Barfod, Anders & Davis, Jerrold I. (eds.). Diversity, Phylogeny, and Evolution in the Monocotyledons: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution. pp. 169–192. Retrieved 2015-02-16.
Satyrium L. 1753, rejected name, not the accepted name Sw. 1800
Diplorrhiza Ehrh.
Dactylorrhiza Neck., rejected name
Satorkis Thouars, illegitimate superfluous name
Coeloglossum Hartm.
Entaticus Gray, illegitimate superfluous name
Streptogyne Rchb.f.
Dactylorchis (Klinge) Verm.
× Dactyloglossum P.F. Hunt & Summerh.
Dactylorhiza is a
genus of
flowering plants in the orchid
familyOrchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids.[2]Dactylorhiza were previously classified under Orchis, which has two round tubers.[3]
Description
They are
hardytuberousgeophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions. The tuber is flattened and finger-like. The long
leaves are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long
stem which reaches a height of 70–90 cm (28–35 in). Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem. The
inflorescence, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact
raceme with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are white and all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.
Taxonomy
Etymology
The name Dactylorhiza is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος daktylos 'finger' and ῥίζα rhiza 'root', referring to the palmately two- to five-lobed tubers of this genus.
Species
Many
species in this genus
hybridise so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague (but see[4]), with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as
pulverised fuel ash, where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them.
Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. lillsundica (D. fuchsii × D. incarnata subsp. ochroleuca) (N. & W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. variablis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. incarnata) (W. Europe). *Dactylorhiza × komiensis (D. hebridensis × D. maculata) (E. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × kopdagiana (D. iberica × D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × koutsourana (D. baumanniana × D. smolikana) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × kuuskiae (D.longifolia × D. traunsteineri) (E. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × latirella (D. incarnata × D. purpurella) (W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × lehmannii (D. incarnata × D. russowii) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × megapolitana (D. fuchsii × D. russowii) (C. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × metsowonensis (D. kalopissii × D. sambucina) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × mixtum (D. fuchsii × D. viridis) (W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × mulignensis (D. incarnata subsp. pulchella × D. majalis) (C. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × nevskii (D. osmanica × D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × ornonensis (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. incarnata × D. maculata) (W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × paridaeniana (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × pontica (D. urvilleana × D. viridis) (Turkey)
Dactylorhiza × prochazkana (D. bohemica × D. maculata) (EC. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × renzii (D. incarnata × D. nieschalkiorum) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × rizeana (D. euxina × D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × rombucina (D. romana × D. sambucina) (C. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × ruppertii (D. majalis × D. sambucina) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × salictina (D. pindica × D. smolikana) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × serbica (D. incarnata × D. saccifera) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × serreana (D. graeca × D. lagotis) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × sivasiana (D. umbrosa × D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
Dactylorhiza × sooi (D. alpestris × D. fuchsii.) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × souflikensis (D. baumanniana × D. pindica) (Greece).
Dactylorhiza × stagni-novi (D. brennensis × D. fuchsii) (Europe).
Dactylorhiza × szaboiana (D. cordigera × D. sudetica) (SE. Europe).
Dactylorhiza × transiens (D. fuchsii × D. maculata subsp. ericetorum) (Europe)
Dactylorhiza × transiens nothosubsp. corylensis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. maculata)
De Hert, Koen; Jacquemyn, Hans; Van Glabeke, Sabine; Roldán-Ruiz, Isabel; Vandepitte, Katrien; Leus, Leen & Honnay, Olivier (2011). "Patterns of hybridization between diploid and derived allotetraploid species of Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) co-occurring in Belgium". American Journal of Botany. 98 (6): 946–955.
doi:
10.3732/ajb.1000367.
PMID21653507.
Paun, Ovidiu; Luna, Javier A.; Fay, Michael F.; Bateman, Richard M. & Chase, Mark W. (2010).
"Genomic responses drive adaptation in allotetraploid species of Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae; Orchidinae)". In Seberg, Ole; Petersen, Gitte; Barfod, Anders & Davis, Jerrold I. (eds.). Diversity, Phylogeny, and Evolution in the Monocotyledons: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution. pp. 169–192. Retrieved 2015-02-16.