María Alanoca | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 2020 | |
| Member of the
Chamber of Deputies from La Paz | |
| Assumed office 3 November 2020 | |
| Substitute | Zacarías Laura |
| Preceded by | Saturnino Quispe |
| Constituency | Circumscription 10 ( El Alto) |
| Substitute 25 January 2010 – 18 January 2015 | |
| Deputy | Wilfredo Calani |
| Preceded by | Santusa Calizaya |
| Succeeded by | Lidia Patty |
| Constituency | Party list |
| Personal details | |
| Born | María Alanoca Tinta 2 December 1960 Chipamaya, La Paz, Bolivia |
| Political party | Movement for Socialism (2000–present) |
| Occupation |
|
| Signature |
_Mar%C3%ADa_Alanoca.svg){kind=small} |
María Alanoca Tinta (born 2 December 1960) is a Bolivian politician and trade unionist serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from La Paz, representing circumscription 10 since 2020. A member of the Movement for Socialism, she represented the same department as a substitute alongside Wilfredo Calani from 2010 to 2015.
Raised in the Los Andes Province of rural La Paz Department, Alanoca spent her youth employed as a palliri in the mines of Sud Yungas Province. She settled in El Alto at age 17, working as a street vendor in the city's commercial district, an area dominated by the informal sector of the economy. An affiliate of the merchants' guilds representing El Alto's small traders, she served as general secretary of the union overseeing the La Ceja district in the mid-1990s.
Alanoca was a founding member of a local branch of the Movement for Socialism in El Alto and held a seat on its directorate in 2000. Having served once before in the Chamber of Deputies as a substitute from 2010 to 2015, she was elected in 2019 and again in 2020 to her own seat representing circumscription 10 of El Alto in the lower chamber. A staunch supporter of party leader Evo Morales, she aligns with the evista wing of the Movement for Socialism in parliament, which distanced itself from the incumbent government of Luis Arce and operates in semi-opposition. [1]
Early life and career
Background and early life
María Alanoca was born on 2 December 1960 in Chipamaya, a rural settlement in the Los Andes Province of central La Paz Department. [2] She was raised in an impoverished Aymara household alongside seven siblings to parents employed in the mining industry. Her father was a laborer at Bolsa Negra Mine in the distant village of Lambate, located in the Irupana Municipality of Sud Yungas Province. [3]
Alanoca began working the mines of provincial La Paz Department at the age of 12; [3] a time when the presence of female laborers was exceedingly rare and considered taboo – even prohibited on some sites for fear of "bad luck". [4] She made a modest wage as a palliri, [3] [α] pulverizing rocks and sifting through the resulting pulp in search of valuable ores. [6]
Career and trade unionism
Fleeing poverty, Alanoca settled in El Alto at the age of 17, [3] accompanying a trend of migration among inhabitants of the Altiplano out of the countryside and into the fast- urbanizing city. [7] El Alto grew at an accelerated pace throughout the 1970s to '90s, [8] bolstered by the arrival of mineworkers dismissed following the closure of state mines [9] – by the early 2000s, "entire neighborhoods [were] made up of ex-miners." [10]
She set up shop as a street vendor, selling condiments to the market-goers of La Ceja, [3] the city's bustling commercial district. [11] As with most small traders in the informal sector, an affiliation with the numerous guilds representing El Alto's merchants followed shortly thereafter. [12] [β] By the mid-1990s, Alanoca had risen to the post of general secretary of La Ceja's vendors' guild, representing one of the more populous areas of the city. [3]
Chamber of Deputies
Election
Alanoca was a founding member of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) in circumscription 10 of El Alto, [3] [γ] the district encompassing the city's north-central zones: villas 16 de Julio, Germán Busch, Ingenio, and Tunari, the Alto Lima, Los Andes, and Puerto Mejillones barrios, as well as the northern reaches nearing the foothills of Huayna Potosí. [14] She served on the party's local branch directorate in 2000 alongside other regional leaders – including Vladimir Alarcón, [3] who later represented the then-13th district in the Constituent Assembly. [15]
| External videos | |
|---|---|
 | |
2019 Aymara-language campaign ad | |
|
2019 Spanish-language campaign ad |
Through her affiliation with the MAS, Alanoca spent a brief stint in parliament as a substitute for Wilfredo Calani from 2010 to 2015. [17] Absent from the 2014 ballot, she returned to contest circumscription 10 in the Chamber of Deputies in the 2019 election as a representative of the guild sector, [14] a constituency for whom the MAS commonly reserved a substantive quota on its parliamentary lists. [18] She won her race, [§] but the wider election results – mired in allegations of fraud – were annulled. [19] In the unrest that followed – much of which centered in El Alto – Alanoca played an active role in pro-government mobilizations and was among the protesters who occupied El Alto International Airport to deny opposition leader Luis Fernando Camacho entry into La Paz. [20]
Re-nominated in 2020, Alanoca's campaign hit a new stumbling block late into the race after the Supreme Electoral Tribunal disqualified her candidacy amid complaints that she was not a resident of the constituency she was running in. [21] [δ] Nevertheless, Alanoca was restored to the ballot on appeal, and she ultimately won the race in a landslide, accompanying a general citywide MAS sweep. [22] [§]
Tenure
Alanoca identifies with the evista wing of her party within the majority MAS caucus: [23] the bench of legislators closest aligned with former president and party leader Evo Morales – as opposed to a newer group affiliated with incumbent Luis Arce. [24] Although largely ideologically aligned, a growing schism over conflicting factional loyalties led many in the evista wing to act in increased opposition to the Arce administration. [25]
For her part, Alanoca was a vocal critic of those outside her camp and was no stranger to public spats with colleagues she considered "traitor[s]" to the party [26] – even as her own substitute, Zacarías Laura, aligned himself with the arcistas. [27] Alanoca voted in favor of censuring Arce's justice minister, Iván Lima, [28] and was one of thirty-two MAS legislators who aligned with the opposition to censure Government Minister Eduardo del Castillo. [29] Arce's move to re-appoint del Castillo after his ouster by parliament led Alanoca to call for the president's impeachment. [30]
In legislation, Alanoca backed social policy in favor of the elderly and disenfranchised youth. [31] Between 2020 and 2022, she presented three bills proposing expanded access to finance for senior citizens living in poor health or extreme poverty; [32] the creation of state-sponsored scholarships for children and adolescents orphaned during the COVID-19 pandemic; [33] and the establishment of a national sex offender registry accessible by the public. [31]
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Commission assignments
- Territorial Organization of the State and Autonomies Commission
- Social Policy Commission
- Social Welfare and Protection Committee (2020–2021) [36]
Electoral history
| Year | Office | Party | Votes | Result | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | P. | ||||||
| 2009 | Substitute deputy | Movement for Socialism | 1,099,259 | 80.28% | 1st | Won | [37] [ε] | |
| 2019 | Deputy | Movement for Socialism | 67,423 | 51.7% | 1st | Annulled | [38] | |
| 2020 | Movement for Socialism | 108,967 | 75.68% | 1st | Won | [39] | ||
| Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ | Electoral Atlas | ||||||||
References
Notes
- ^ From the Quechua 'to harvest' or 'to collect'; the term is exclusively used to denote the work performed by female mineworkers. [5]
- ^ The informal sector – defined as enterprises operating "outside the law"; unregulated and usually untaxed – constitutes a significant portion of Bolivia's economy, and the formal and informal markets frequently interact. Most of the country's small merchants, retailers, and vendors – known as gremialistas 'guild members'; lit. 'guildists' – self-organize into gremios 'guilds', which are recognized by and negotiate with government authorities. [13]
- ^ Part of circumscription 13 until redistribution following the 2012 census.
- ^ According to El Alteño, unofficial reports indicated that Alanoca lived and voted in circumscription 11 and that she had an address in circumscription 12. [21]
- ^ Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.
Footnotes
- ^ La Estrella del Oriente 2023, p. 8.
- ^ Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, p. 168.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Apuntes Legislativos 2021, p. 4.
- ^ Bolivian Express 2019, pp. 9–10.
- ^ Bolivian Express 2019, p. 9.
- ^ Bolivian Express 2019, p. 10.
- ^ Ruiz Parada 2011, p. 101.
- ^ Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 209.
- ^ Ruiz Parada 2011, p. 85.
- ^ López Levy 2001, p. 72.
- ^ Ruiz Parada 2011, pp. 75–76.
- ^ López Levy 2001, p. 42.
- ^ López Levy 2001, pp. 45–46.
- ^ a b Página Siete 2019, p. 4.
- ^ Asamblea Constituyente 2006.
- ^ López Levy 2001, pp. 67–68.
- ^ Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, pp. 297–304.
- ^ Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 479.
- ^ La Estrella del Oriente 2019, p. 3.
- ^ El Deber 2019, pp. 2–3.
- ^ a b El Alteño 2020, p. 2.
- ^ El Alto Digital 2020.
- ^ ERBOL 2023.
- ^ Yahoo! News 2023.
- ^ Foreign Policy 2023.
- ^ Noticias Fides 2022; El Deber 2023.
- ^ Página Siete 2023.
- ^ El Día 2023.
- ^ Ahora el Pueblo 2023, p. 2.
- ^ Los Tiempos 2023.
- ^ a b Prensa Diputados 2022a.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2021a; Prensa Diputados 2021b.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2021c.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2021d.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2022b.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2020.
- ^ Atlas Electoral 2009.
- ^ OEP 2019, pp. 9, 20.
- ^ Atlas Electoral 2020.
Works cited
Online and list sources
- "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2020–2021" (PDF). diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 20 November 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2021–2022" (PDF). diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 16 November 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- "Elecciones Generales 2009 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Órgano Electoral Plurinacional. Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
- "Elecciones Generales 2020 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Órgano Electoral Plurinacional. Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- "Publicación de resultados nacionales: Elecciones generales 2019" (PDF). oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Órgano Electoral Plurinacional. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
- Roque Leyes, Rafael Eduardo (16 November 2022). "La Cámara de Diputados conformó su Comisión de Organización Territorial Del Estado y Autonomías: Gestión Legislativa 2022–2023". diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- "Vladimir Justo Alarcón Tintaya". constituyente.bo (in Spanish). Sucre: Asamblea Constituyente. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
Digital and print publications
- "Advierten con crear su propia bancada en la ALP" [Evistas Threaten to Create Their Own Bench in the Assembly]. La Estrella del Oriente (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 23 August 2023. p. 8. Retrieved 30 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- Aguilera, Aldo (2 June 2023). "Conozca la lista de legisladores del MAS que votaron a favor y en contra del Ministro Lima" [See the List of MAS Legislators Who Voted for and Against Minister Lima]. El Día (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Agencia de Noticias Fides. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "Aprueban el proyecto de ley para llamar a elecciones" [Parliament Approve Bill Calling New Elections]. La Estrella del Oriente (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 24 November 2019. p. 3. Retrieved 29 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- Blow, Sophie (20 January 2019). "Who Are the Palliris? Shedding Light on the Work of Women in the Bolivian Mining Industry". Bolivian Express. La Paz. pp. 8–11. Retrieved 22 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- "Conozca a los candidatos uninominales de La Paz y El Alto" [Get to Know the Single-member Candidates of La Paz and El Alto]. Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. 18 August 2019. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 21 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- Condori, Edwin (31 May 2023). "Una diputada del MAS denuncia amenaza de muerte y Mercado dice que muchos están con 'delirio de persecución'" [MAS Deputy Denounces Death Threats, Mercado Says That Many Are "Delirious About Persecution"]. El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- "Cuestionan a 32 legisladores del MAS por intentar desestabilizar a Luis Arce" [Critics Question 32 MAS Legislators for Attempting to Destabilize Luis Arce]. Ahora el Pueblo (in Spanish). La Paz. 4 July 2023. p. 2. Retrieved 21 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- Delgado, Carmela (5 November 2019). "Camacho dijo que volverá a La Paz y Evo sale a mostrar musculatura con sus bases" [Camacho Says He'll Return to La Paz and Evo Flexes Muscles with His Base]. El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 28 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- "Diputada Alanoca impulsa proyectos de ley que benefician a sectores vulnerables de población" [Deputy Alanoca Promotes Bills That Benefit Vulnerable Sectors of the Population]. diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 14 February 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- "Diputada 'evista' desafía a dirigentes y afirma que Morales es 'bienvenido' en El Alto" ["Evista" Lawmaker Challenges Opponents and Affirms That Morales Is "Welcome" in El Alto] (in Spanish). La Paz. ERBOL. 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "Diputada presenta proyecto de ley de becas para huérfanos victimas de COVID-19" [Deputy Presents Bill Providing Scholarships for Victims Orphaned by COVID-19]. diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 15 July 2021. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- Graham, Thomas (13 February 2023). "The Internal Rift Threatening Bolivia's Left". Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- "Juicio político para Arce y otra censura a Del Castillo, la advertencia de 'evistas' y la oposición" ["Evistas" and Opposition Warn of Impeachment Against Arce and Another Censure of del Castillo]. Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "'Luchistas' y 'evistas' se agarran a golpes en la ALP en medio de una crisis interna del MAS" ["Luchistas" and "Evistas" Clash in Parliament amid an Internal Crisis in the MAS] (in Spanish). La Paz. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 9 November 2022. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "María Alanoca Tinta queda fuera de carrera electoral" [María Alanoca Tinta, Out of the Electoral Race]. El Alteño (in Spanish). 23 September 2020. p. 2. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "María Alanoca Tinta: Representa al sector gremial y desde su curul busca que nadie elija entre comer o estudiar" [María Alanoca Tinta: Representative of the Guild Sector Who, from Her Seat, Seeks That No One Choose Between a Meal and an Education]. Apuntes Legislativos (in Spanish). La Paz. 24 June 2021. p. 4. Retrieved 20 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- "El MAS celebra sus 28 años entre tensiones y búsqueda de unidad en Bolivia" [The MAS Celebrates Its 28th Anniversary amid Tensions and the Search for Unity in Bolivia]. Yahoo! News (in Spanish). La Paz. EFE. 25 March 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- "El MAS conserva las 4 circunscripciones de El Alto, más 2 diputadas plurinominales y una senadora" [The MAS Retains the 4 Constituencies of El Alto, Plus 2 Party-List Deputies and a Senator]. El Alto Digital (in Spanish). 19 October 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "Norma busca beneficiar con acceso a créditos para las personas de la tercera edad" [Bill Seeks to Benefit Seniors with Access to Credits]. diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 24 August 2021. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- Quispe, Jorge (12 June 2023). "Tras declive de Evo, arcistas van por la conquista de El Alto; analistas alertan que 'el alteño es cambiante'" [As Evo Declines, Arcistas Look to Conquer El Alto; Analysts Note That "Alteños Can Be Swayed"]. Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "Personas de la tercera edad podrán acceder a créditos bancarios a través de una ley" [Through New Law, Senior Citizens Will Be Able to Access Bank Loans]. diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 26 August 2021. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
Books and encyclopedias
- López Levy, Marcela (2001). Bolivia: An Oxfam Country Profile. Oxford: Oxfam. ISBN 0-85598-455-4. OCLC 1335735570 – via the Internet Archive.
- Romero Ballivián, Salvador (2018). Quiroga Velasco, Camilo (ed.). Diccionario biográfico de parlamentarios 1979–2019 (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). La Paz: FUNDAPPAC; Fundación Konrad Adenauer. ISBN 978-99974-0-021-5. OCLC 1050945993 – via the Internet Archive.
- Ruiz Parada, Carmen Beatriz, ed. (2011). Atlas de El Alto: Estudio con información estadística, descriptiva y analítica, sobre las condiciones, oportunidades e institucionalidad de la población y la ciudad (in Spanish). El Alto: Centro de Promoción de la Mujer "Gregoria Apaza". ISBN 978-99954-798-2-4. OCLC 773349050 – via the Internet Archive.
- Vargas Luna, María Elena; Villavicencio Arancibia, Jois Sarelly, eds. (2014). Primera Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional de Bolivia, Cámara de Diputados: Diccionario biográfico, diputadas y diputados titulares y suplentes 2010–2015 (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. p. 168. OCLC 961105285 – via the Internet Archive.
External links
- Parliamentary profile Office of the Vice President (in Spanish).
- Parliamentary profile Chamber of Deputies (in Spanish).
- Press releases about María Alanoca Chamber of Deputies (in Spanish).
- 1960 births
- Living people
- 21st-century Bolivian politicians
- 21st-century Bolivian women politicians
- Aymara politicians
- Bolivian miners
- Bolivian people of Aymara descent
- Bolivian politicians of indigenous peoples descent
- Bolivian trade union leaders
- Bolivian women trade unionists
- Members of the Bolivian Chamber of Deputies from La Paz
- Movimiento al Socialismo politicians
- People from El Alto
- People from Los Andes Province (Bolivia)
- Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)
María Alanoca | |
|---|---|
|
Official portrait, 2020 | |
| Member of the
Chamber of Deputies from La Paz | |
| Assumed office 3 November 2020 | |
| Substitute | Zacarías Laura |
| Preceded by | Saturnino Quispe |
| Constituency | Circumscription 10 ( El Alto) |
| Substitute 25 January 2010 – 18 January 2015 | |
| Deputy | Wilfredo Calani |
| Preceded by | Santusa Calizaya |
| Succeeded by | Lidia Patty |
| Constituency | Party list |
| Personal details | |
| Born | María Alanoca Tinta 2 December 1960 Chipamaya, La Paz, Bolivia |
| Political party | Movement for Socialism (2000–present) |
| Occupation |
|
| Signature |
|
María Alanoca Tinta (born 2 December 1960) is a Bolivian politician and trade unionist serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from La Paz, representing circumscription 10 since 2020. A member of the Movement for Socialism, she represented the same department as a substitute alongside Wilfredo Calani from 2010 to 2015.
Raised in the Los Andes Province of rural La Paz Department, Alanoca spent her youth employed as a palliri in the mines of Sud Yungas Province. She settled in El Alto at age 17, working as a street vendor in the city's commercial district, an area dominated by the informal sector of the economy. An affiliate of the merchants' guilds representing El Alto's small traders, she served as general secretary of the union overseeing the La Ceja district in the mid-1990s.
Alanoca was a founding member of a local branch of the Movement for Socialism in El Alto and held a seat on its directorate in 2000. Having served once before in the Chamber of Deputies as a substitute from 2010 to 2015, she was elected in 2019 and again in 2020 to her own seat representing circumscription 10 of El Alto in the lower chamber. A staunch supporter of party leader Evo Morales, she aligns with the evista wing of the Movement for Socialism in parliament, which distanced itself from the incumbent government of Luis Arce and operates in semi-opposition. [1]
Early life and career
Background and early life
María Alanoca was born on 2 December 1960 in Chipamaya, a rural settlement in the Los Andes Province of central La Paz Department. [2] She was raised in an impoverished Aymara household alongside seven siblings to parents employed in the mining industry. Her father was a laborer at Bolsa Negra Mine in the distant village of Lambate, located in the Irupana Municipality of Sud Yungas Province. [3]
Alanoca began working the mines of provincial La Paz Department at the age of 12; [3] a time when the presence of female laborers was exceedingly rare and considered taboo – even prohibited on some sites for fear of "bad luck". [4] She made a modest wage as a palliri, [3] [α] pulverizing rocks and sifting through the resulting pulp in search of valuable ores. [6]
Career and trade unionism
Fleeing poverty, Alanoca settled in El Alto at the age of 17, [3] accompanying a trend of migration among inhabitants of the Altiplano out of the countryside and into the fast- urbanizing city. [7] El Alto grew at an accelerated pace throughout the 1970s to '90s, [8] bolstered by the arrival of mineworkers dismissed following the closure of state mines [9] – by the early 2000s, "entire neighborhoods [were] made up of ex-miners." [10]
She set up shop as a street vendor, selling condiments to the market-goers of La Ceja, [3] the city's bustling commercial district. [11] As with most small traders in the informal sector, an affiliation with the numerous guilds representing El Alto's merchants followed shortly thereafter. [12] [β] By the mid-1990s, Alanoca had risen to the post of general secretary of La Ceja's vendors' guild, representing one of the more populous areas of the city. [3]
Chamber of Deputies
Election
Alanoca was a founding member of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) in circumscription 10 of El Alto, [3] [γ] the district encompassing the city's north-central zones: villas 16 de Julio, Germán Busch, Ingenio, and Tunari, the Alto Lima, Los Andes, and Puerto Mejillones barrios, as well as the northern reaches nearing the foothills of Huayna Potosí. [14] She served on the party's local branch directorate in 2000 alongside other regional leaders – including Vladimir Alarcón, [3] who later represented the then-13th district in the Constituent Assembly. [15]
| External videos | |
|---|---|
| |
|
2019 Aymara-language campaign ad | |
|
2019 Spanish-language campaign ad |
Through her affiliation with the MAS, Alanoca spent a brief stint in parliament as a substitute for Wilfredo Calani from 2010 to 2015. [17] Absent from the 2014 ballot, she returned to contest circumscription 10 in the Chamber of Deputies in the 2019 election as a representative of the guild sector, [14] a constituency for whom the MAS commonly reserved a substantive quota on its parliamentary lists. [18] She won her race, [§] but the wider election results – mired in allegations of fraud – were annulled. [19] In the unrest that followed – much of which centered in El Alto – Alanoca played an active role in pro-government mobilizations and was among the protesters who occupied El Alto International Airport to deny opposition leader Luis Fernando Camacho entry into La Paz. [20]
Re-nominated in 2020, Alanoca's campaign hit a new stumbling block late into the race after the Supreme Electoral Tribunal disqualified her candidacy amid complaints that she was not a resident of the constituency she was running in. [21] [δ] Nevertheless, Alanoca was restored to the ballot on appeal, and she ultimately won the race in a landslide, accompanying a general citywide MAS sweep. [22] [§]
Tenure
Alanoca identifies with the evista wing of her party within the majority MAS caucus: [23] the bench of legislators closest aligned with former president and party leader Evo Morales – as opposed to a newer group affiliated with incumbent Luis Arce. [24] Although largely ideologically aligned, a growing schism over conflicting factional loyalties led many in the evista wing to act in increased opposition to the Arce administration. [25]
For her part, Alanoca was a vocal critic of those outside her camp and was no stranger to public spats with colleagues she considered "traitor[s]" to the party [26] – even as her own substitute, Zacarías Laura, aligned himself with the arcistas. [27] Alanoca voted in favor of censuring Arce's justice minister, Iván Lima, [28] and was one of thirty-two MAS legislators who aligned with the opposition to censure Government Minister Eduardo del Castillo. [29] Arce's move to re-appoint del Castillo after his ouster by parliament led Alanoca to call for the president's impeachment. [30]
In legislation, Alanoca backed social policy in favor of the elderly and disenfranchised youth. [31] Between 2020 and 2022, she presented three bills proposing expanded access to finance for senior citizens living in poor health or extreme poverty; [32] the creation of state-sponsored scholarships for children and adolescents orphaned during the COVID-19 pandemic; [33] and the establishment of a national sex offender registry accessible by the public. [31]
Commission assignments
- Territorial Organization of the State and Autonomies Commission
- Social Policy Commission
- Social Welfare and Protection Committee (2020–2021) [36]
Electoral history
| Year | Office | Party | Votes | Result | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | P. | ||||||
| 2009 | Substitute deputy | Movement for Socialism | 1,099,259 | 80.28% | 1st | Won | [37] [ε] | |
| 2019 | Deputy | Movement for Socialism | 67,423 | 51.7% | 1st | Annulled | [38] | |
| 2020 | Movement for Socialism | 108,967 | 75.68% | 1st | Won | [39] | ||
| Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ | Electoral Atlas | ||||||||
References
Notes
- ^ From the Quechua 'to harvest' or 'to collect'; the term is exclusively used to denote the work performed by female mineworkers. [5]
- ^ The informal sector – defined as enterprises operating "outside the law"; unregulated and usually untaxed – constitutes a significant portion of Bolivia's economy, and the formal and informal markets frequently interact. Most of the country's small merchants, retailers, and vendors – known as gremialistas 'guild members'; lit. 'guildists' – self-organize into gremios 'guilds', which are recognized by and negotiate with government authorities. [13]
- ^ Part of circumscription 13 until redistribution following the 2012 census.
- ^ According to El Alteño, unofficial reports indicated that Alanoca lived and voted in circumscription 11 and that she had an address in circumscription 12. [21]
- ^ Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.
Footnotes
- ^ La Estrella del Oriente 2023, p. 8.
- ^ Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, p. 168.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Apuntes Legislativos 2021, p. 4.
- ^ Bolivian Express 2019, pp. 9–10.
- ^ Bolivian Express 2019, p. 9.
- ^ Bolivian Express 2019, p. 10.
- ^ Ruiz Parada 2011, p. 101.
- ^ Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 209.
- ^ Ruiz Parada 2011, p. 85.
- ^ López Levy 2001, p. 72.
- ^ Ruiz Parada 2011, pp. 75–76.
- ^ López Levy 2001, p. 42.
- ^ López Levy 2001, pp. 45–46.
- ^ a b Página Siete 2019, p. 4.
- ^ Asamblea Constituyente 2006.
- ^ López Levy 2001, pp. 67–68.
- ^ Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, pp. 297–304.
- ^ Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 479.
- ^ La Estrella del Oriente 2019, p. 3.
- ^ El Deber 2019, pp. 2–3.
- ^ a b El Alteño 2020, p. 2.
- ^ El Alto Digital 2020.
- ^ ERBOL 2023.
- ^ Yahoo! News 2023.
- ^ Foreign Policy 2023.
- ^ Noticias Fides 2022; El Deber 2023.
- ^ Página Siete 2023.
- ^ El Día 2023.
- ^ Ahora el Pueblo 2023, p. 2.
- ^ Los Tiempos 2023.
- ^ a b Prensa Diputados 2022a.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2021a; Prensa Diputados 2021b.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2021c.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2021d.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2022b.
- ^ Prensa Diputados 2020.
- ^ Atlas Electoral 2009.
- ^ OEP 2019, pp. 9, 20.
- ^ Atlas Electoral 2020.
Works cited
Online and list sources
- "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2020–2021" (PDF). diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 20 November 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2021–2022" (PDF). diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 16 November 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- "Elecciones Generales 2009 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Órgano Electoral Plurinacional. Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
- "Elecciones Generales 2020 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Órgano Electoral Plurinacional. Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- "Publicación de resultados nacionales: Elecciones generales 2019" (PDF). oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Órgano Electoral Plurinacional. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
- Roque Leyes, Rafael Eduardo (16 November 2022). "La Cámara de Diputados conformó su Comisión de Organización Territorial Del Estado y Autonomías: Gestión Legislativa 2022–2023". diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- "Vladimir Justo Alarcón Tintaya". constituyente.bo (in Spanish). Sucre: Asamblea Constituyente. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
Digital and print publications
- "Advierten con crear su propia bancada en la ALP" [Evistas Threaten to Create Their Own Bench in the Assembly]. La Estrella del Oriente (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 23 August 2023. p. 8. Retrieved 30 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- Aguilera, Aldo (2 June 2023). "Conozca la lista de legisladores del MAS que votaron a favor y en contra del Ministro Lima" [See the List of MAS Legislators Who Voted for and Against Minister Lima]. El Día (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Agencia de Noticias Fides. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "Aprueban el proyecto de ley para llamar a elecciones" [Parliament Approve Bill Calling New Elections]. La Estrella del Oriente (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 24 November 2019. p. 3. Retrieved 29 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- Blow, Sophie (20 January 2019). "Who Are the Palliris? Shedding Light on the Work of Women in the Bolivian Mining Industry". Bolivian Express. La Paz. pp. 8–11. Retrieved 22 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- "Conozca a los candidatos uninominales de La Paz y El Alto" [Get to Know the Single-member Candidates of La Paz and El Alto]. Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. 18 August 2019. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 21 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- Condori, Edwin (31 May 2023). "Una diputada del MAS denuncia amenaza de muerte y Mercado dice que muchos están con 'delirio de persecución'" [MAS Deputy Denounces Death Threats, Mercado Says That Many Are "Delirious About Persecution"]. El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- "Cuestionan a 32 legisladores del MAS por intentar desestabilizar a Luis Arce" [Critics Question 32 MAS Legislators for Attempting to Destabilize Luis Arce]. Ahora el Pueblo (in Spanish). La Paz. 4 July 2023. p. 2. Retrieved 21 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- Delgado, Carmela (5 November 2019). "Camacho dijo que volverá a La Paz y Evo sale a mostrar musculatura con sus bases" [Camacho Says He'll Return to La Paz and Evo Flexes Muscles with His Base]. El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 28 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- "Diputada Alanoca impulsa proyectos de ley que benefician a sectores vulnerables de población" [Deputy Alanoca Promotes Bills That Benefit Vulnerable Sectors of the Population]. diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 14 February 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- "Diputada 'evista' desafía a dirigentes y afirma que Morales es 'bienvenido' en El Alto" ["Evista" Lawmaker Challenges Opponents and Affirms That Morales Is "Welcome" in El Alto] (in Spanish). La Paz. ERBOL. 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "Diputada presenta proyecto de ley de becas para huérfanos victimas de COVID-19" [Deputy Presents Bill Providing Scholarships for Victims Orphaned by COVID-19]. diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 15 July 2021. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- Graham, Thomas (13 February 2023). "The Internal Rift Threatening Bolivia's Left". Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- "Juicio político para Arce y otra censura a Del Castillo, la advertencia de 'evistas' y la oposición" ["Evistas" and Opposition Warn of Impeachment Against Arce and Another Censure of del Castillo]. Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "'Luchistas' y 'evistas' se agarran a golpes en la ALP en medio de una crisis interna del MAS" ["Luchistas" and "Evistas" Clash in Parliament amid an Internal Crisis in the MAS] (in Spanish). La Paz. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 9 November 2022. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "María Alanoca Tinta queda fuera de carrera electoral" [María Alanoca Tinta, Out of the Electoral Race]. El Alteño (in Spanish). 23 September 2020. p. 2. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "María Alanoca Tinta: Representa al sector gremial y desde su curul busca que nadie elija entre comer o estudiar" [María Alanoca Tinta: Representative of the Guild Sector Who, from Her Seat, Seeks That No One Choose Between a Meal and an Education]. Apuntes Legislativos (in Spanish). La Paz. 24 June 2021. p. 4. Retrieved 20 August 2023 – via the Internet Archive.
- "El MAS celebra sus 28 años entre tensiones y búsqueda de unidad en Bolivia" [The MAS Celebrates Its 28th Anniversary amid Tensions and the Search for Unity in Bolivia]. Yahoo! News (in Spanish). La Paz. EFE. 25 March 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- "El MAS conserva las 4 circunscripciones de El Alto, más 2 diputadas plurinominales y una senadora" [The MAS Retains the 4 Constituencies of El Alto, Plus 2 Party-List Deputies and a Senator]. El Alto Digital (in Spanish). 19 October 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "Norma busca beneficiar con acceso a créditos para las personas de la tercera edad" [Bill Seeks to Benefit Seniors with Access to Credits]. diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 24 August 2021. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- Quispe, Jorge (12 June 2023). "Tras declive de Evo, arcistas van por la conquista de El Alto; analistas alertan que 'el alteño es cambiante'" [As Evo Declines, Arcistas Look to Conquer El Alto; Analysts Note That "Alteños Can Be Swayed"]. Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "Personas de la tercera edad podrán acceder a créditos bancarios a través de una ley" [Through New Law, Senior Citizens Will Be Able to Access Bank Loans]. diputados.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. 26 August 2021. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
Books and encyclopedias
- López Levy, Marcela (2001). Bolivia: An Oxfam Country Profile. Oxford: Oxfam. ISBN 0-85598-455-4. OCLC 1335735570 – via the Internet Archive.
- Romero Ballivián, Salvador (2018). Quiroga Velasco, Camilo (ed.). Diccionario biográfico de parlamentarios 1979–2019 (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). La Paz: FUNDAPPAC; Fundación Konrad Adenauer. ISBN 978-99974-0-021-5. OCLC 1050945993 – via the Internet Archive.
- Ruiz Parada, Carmen Beatriz, ed. (2011). Atlas de El Alto: Estudio con información estadística, descriptiva y analítica, sobre las condiciones, oportunidades e institucionalidad de la población y la ciudad (in Spanish). El Alto: Centro de Promoción de la Mujer "Gregoria Apaza". ISBN 978-99954-798-2-4. OCLC 773349050 – via the Internet Archive.
- Vargas Luna, María Elena; Villavicencio Arancibia, Jois Sarelly, eds. (2014). Primera Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional de Bolivia, Cámara de Diputados: Diccionario biográfico, diputadas y diputados titulares y suplentes 2010–2015 (in Spanish). La Paz: Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional. p. 168. OCLC 961105285 – via the Internet Archive.
External links
- Parliamentary profile Office of the Vice President (in Spanish).
- Parliamentary profile Chamber of Deputies (in Spanish).
- Press releases about María Alanoca Chamber of Deputies (in Spanish).
- 1960 births
- Living people
- 21st-century Bolivian politicians
- 21st-century Bolivian women politicians
- Aymara politicians
- Bolivian miners
- Bolivian people of Aymara descent
- Bolivian politicians of indigenous peoples descent
- Bolivian trade union leaders
- Bolivian women trade unionists
- Members of the Bolivian Chamber of Deputies from La Paz
- Movimiento al Socialismo politicians
- People from El Alto
- People from Los Andes Province (Bolivia)
- Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)