Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary | |
---|---|
Santuario Nacional Manglares de Tumbes | |
Location |
Peru Tumbes |
Nearest city | Zarumilla |
Coordinates | 3°25′12″S 80°16′30″W / 3.42000°S 80.27500°W |
Area | 29.72 km2 (11.47 sq mi) |
Established | 1988 |
Governing body | SERNANP |
Website | Santuario Nacional Manglares de Tumbes (in Spanish) |
Official name | Santuario Nacional Los Manglares de Tumbes |
Designated | 20 January 1997 |
Reference no. | 883 [1] |
Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary is a protected natural area located in the region of Tumbes, Peru. [2] Established in 1988, it protects the largest area of mangrove forest in Peru. [3]
This protected area is located in Zarumilla Province, Tumbes; close to the border with Ecuador. [2] [3] With an area of 29.72 square kilometres (11.47 sq mi), it harbors the largest mangrove forest in Peru. [2] [3]
Five species of mangrove dominate the area: black mangrove ( Avicennia germinans), white mangrove ( Laguncularia racemosa), button mangrove ( Conocarpus erectus) and two species of red mangrove ( Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora harrisonii). [2] [3] Seasonally dry forest and scrubland can also be found in some parts of the sanctuary; tree species representative of this ecosystem being: Pithecellobium excelsum, Cordia lutea, Mimosa acantholoba, Parkinsonia praecox, Ceiba trischistandra, Loxopterygium huasango, Bursera graveolens, Cochlospermum spp., Prosopis pallida, Capparis scabrida; and some seasonal herbaceous species: Aristida adscensionis, Bouteloua aristidoides, Stylosanthes spp., Crotalaria spp., Tephrosia cinerea, Cyperus spp., Scirpus spp., Distichlis spicata, Antephora hermaphrodita, Paspalum racemosum, Ipomoea spp., and Bidens pilosa. [2] [3]
The sanctuary protects 148 species of birds, being some of them the yellow-crowned night heron, the rufous-necked wood rail, the American yellow warbler and the American white ibis. [2]
The sanctuary also protects 105 fish species, plus some other 40 migrant species. [2]
Mammals found in the area include the crab-eating raccoon, the silky anteater and the neotropical otter. [2] [3]
Also, 33 snail species, 34 crustacean species, 24 bivalve species and 9 reptile species are found in the sanctuary. [2]
It is possible to navigate, by kayak or canoe, the waterways inside the mangrove forest in the zone accessible to tourists (137,5 hectares = 4,61% of the sanctuary). [2] In this area activities like walking on beaches, birdwatching and observation of the use of the mangrove ecosystem by the locals are also allowed. [2]
Scientific research has been a constant activity since the creation of the sanctuary. [2] [3]
The clearance of mangrove forests and nearby seasonally dry forests to open land for shrimp farming and agriculture has an enormous impact on local ecosystems. [3] Shrimp farms also capture and grow larva of local shrimp species from the mangrove forests with help of local inhabitants. [3] These farms and agricultural lands also pollute the area with industrial waste and agricultural runoff. [3]
Illegal extraction of edible crustaceans and bivalves; conflicts over land use rights with nearby villages and litter and wastewater discharge from nearby towns into the mangrove forest canals are also environmental issues affecting the sanctuary. [3]
Introduced plant species like Tephrosia purpurea, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Eragrostis cilianensis and Brachiaria mutica are found growing inside this protected area. [3]
The American crocodile is no longer present in the area, rendering this species as one of the most threatened in the country. [2]
Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary | |
---|---|
Santuario Nacional Manglares de Tumbes | |
Location |
Peru Tumbes |
Nearest city | Zarumilla |
Coordinates | 3°25′12″S 80°16′30″W / 3.42000°S 80.27500°W |
Area | 29.72 km2 (11.47 sq mi) |
Established | 1988 |
Governing body | SERNANP |
Website | Santuario Nacional Manglares de Tumbes (in Spanish) |
Official name | Santuario Nacional Los Manglares de Tumbes |
Designated | 20 January 1997 |
Reference no. | 883 [1] |
Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary is a protected natural area located in the region of Tumbes, Peru. [2] Established in 1988, it protects the largest area of mangrove forest in Peru. [3]
This protected area is located in Zarumilla Province, Tumbes; close to the border with Ecuador. [2] [3] With an area of 29.72 square kilometres (11.47 sq mi), it harbors the largest mangrove forest in Peru. [2] [3]
Five species of mangrove dominate the area: black mangrove ( Avicennia germinans), white mangrove ( Laguncularia racemosa), button mangrove ( Conocarpus erectus) and two species of red mangrove ( Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora harrisonii). [2] [3] Seasonally dry forest and scrubland can also be found in some parts of the sanctuary; tree species representative of this ecosystem being: Pithecellobium excelsum, Cordia lutea, Mimosa acantholoba, Parkinsonia praecox, Ceiba trischistandra, Loxopterygium huasango, Bursera graveolens, Cochlospermum spp., Prosopis pallida, Capparis scabrida; and some seasonal herbaceous species: Aristida adscensionis, Bouteloua aristidoides, Stylosanthes spp., Crotalaria spp., Tephrosia cinerea, Cyperus spp., Scirpus spp., Distichlis spicata, Antephora hermaphrodita, Paspalum racemosum, Ipomoea spp., and Bidens pilosa. [2] [3]
The sanctuary protects 148 species of birds, being some of them the yellow-crowned night heron, the rufous-necked wood rail, the American yellow warbler and the American white ibis. [2]
The sanctuary also protects 105 fish species, plus some other 40 migrant species. [2]
Mammals found in the area include the crab-eating raccoon, the silky anteater and the neotropical otter. [2] [3]
Also, 33 snail species, 34 crustacean species, 24 bivalve species and 9 reptile species are found in the sanctuary. [2]
It is possible to navigate, by kayak or canoe, the waterways inside the mangrove forest in the zone accessible to tourists (137,5 hectares = 4,61% of the sanctuary). [2] In this area activities like walking on beaches, birdwatching and observation of the use of the mangrove ecosystem by the locals are also allowed. [2]
Scientific research has been a constant activity since the creation of the sanctuary. [2] [3]
The clearance of mangrove forests and nearby seasonally dry forests to open land for shrimp farming and agriculture has an enormous impact on local ecosystems. [3] Shrimp farms also capture and grow larva of local shrimp species from the mangrove forests with help of local inhabitants. [3] These farms and agricultural lands also pollute the area with industrial waste and agricultural runoff. [3]
Illegal extraction of edible crustaceans and bivalves; conflicts over land use rights with nearby villages and litter and wastewater discharge from nearby towns into the mangrove forest canals are also environmental issues affecting the sanctuary. [3]
Introduced plant species like Tephrosia purpurea, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Eragrostis cilianensis and Brachiaria mutica are found growing inside this protected area. [3]
The American crocodile is no longer present in the area, rendering this species as one of the most threatened in the country. [2]