Regions with significant populations | |
---|---|
India ( Karnataka, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh) | |
Languages | |
Kannada, Konkani, Marathi, Telugu, Hindi, Tulu, Tamil, Malayalam | |
Religion | |
Hinduism ( Vaishnava) |
Madhva Brahmins (also often referred as Madhvas or Sadh-Vaishnavas [1]), are Hindu Brahmin communities in India, who follow Sadh Vaishnavism ( Sanskrit: सद्वैष्णवसम्प्रदाय) and Dvaita philosophy propounded by Madhvacharya. They are found mostly in the Indian states of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. [2]
The Madhwa community traces its philosophical origins to Madhvacharya, the founder of Tattvavada ( Dvaita) philosophy, who lived around 13th century. The Ashta Mathas of Udupi were established by Madhvacharya by his disciples. Other Acharyas who established mathas after Madhvacharya include Padmanabha Tirtha, Naraharitirtha, Akshobhya Tirtha, Jayatirtha, Sripadaraja, Vyasatirtha, Vadiraja Tirtha, Vijayendra Tirtha, Raghavendra Tirtha. [3] The affiliations of the Madhwa philosophy extended in the form of temples and monasteries from Udupi in the South India to Dwaraka in West India to Gaya in the East India to Badrinath in the North India. [4]
The town of Udupi is famous for the Sri Krishna temple of 13th century. The Madhwas believe that the human soul is saved by the grace of God and God bestows on true devotees. Devotional worship is central to the lives of madhwas. [5]
Statewise list of Brahmin communities who have a section that follows the Dvaita Vedanta of Madhvacharya. [6] [7]
Madhwa Brahmins are not a homogeneous community. Followers of Madhvacharya include Brahmins from multiple regions and are from various linguistic backgrounds. Madhwas who speak Kannada, one of the major languages of the mainly southern Dravidian languages group, speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect. [30] Even in the non-Kannada states Madhwas speak Kannada in their homes but with outsiders they speak the native language of that state. [31] The Marathi, Kannada, Telugu and Tamil speaking Madhva Brahmins are all followers of Deshastha Mathas, which are spread in Maharashtra and throughout South India. [32] The Tulu speaking Madhva Brahmins are followers of Tuluva Mathas. They are mainly concentrated in Tulunadu region of Karnataka, in the coastal districts of Udupi, Dakshina Kannada of present-day Karnataka state, and also in Kasargod and other parts of Kerala state. The Konkani speaking Madhva Brahmins are Gaud Saraswat Madhva Brahmins, who are spread throughout the Coastal Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Kerala. [33] The Bihari, Magahi and Hindi speaking Madhva Brahmins are Gayawal Brahmins, who are spread throughout the Gaya and Benares. [34] [35]
The traditional occupation of Madhwa Brahmins is priesthood, but they also engaged in occupations such as agriculture and the business. At present, the majority of them work in government and private sectors. [36]
The Tuluva Madhvas and Deshastha Madhvas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. The Gaud Saraswat Madhvas are a religiously self-contained community. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions. [37] In Bihar, Gayawal Brahmins are traditionally priests. They are the priests in the famous Vishnupad Temple, Gaya, who also hold a traditional monopoly over the performance of shraddha rituals on the Ghats of Gaya. [38]
Madhwa Brahmins are pure vegetarian and their staple cereals are rice and wheat. [39] Udupi cuisine is a synonymous name to Madhwa cuisine. It is a major vegetarian cuisine of Karnataka, which includes a combination of cereals, pulses, vegetables and spices. [40]
Typical Madhwa cuisine consists of Saaru ( Rasam), Huli ( Sambar), Gojju and Anna (Rice). [41] Gojju is generally a beloved dish to entire Madhwa community. [42] In sweets, Hayagreeva is a very common sweet dish made in most Madhwa Brahmin homes, made using Bengal gram with jaggery and coconut. [43]
Strict Madhva Brahmins avoid onion, garlic, red lentils, and even carrots, radish, brinjal and a few other vegetables and spices. They usually only eat food (prasāda) that is offered (naivedya) to one of the Vishnu deities, and fast on Vaishnava Ekadashi days (twice a month) without taking any food or water. Fruits and milk are usually allowed on Ekadashi days.
In 2017, the government of Karnataka introduced The Karnataka Prevention and Eradication of Inhuman Evil Practices and Black Magic Bill, 2017 in the assembly, which planned to ban all superstition practices considered black magic that promoted "social evils" and the persecution of skeptics. After much debate, Madhwa practices were exempted. In this practice, mudras usually made of gold or copper are heated in the yajna fire and stamped on the body. [44]
The followers of Madhwa are called Sad- Vaishnavas in contra-distinction to the Vaishnavas of Sri Sampradaya.
Page 18:The followers of Madhvacharya (especially Vaishnavas) are found all over Mysore, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra, apart from Maharashtra (Savase brahmins of Sangli, Tasgoan, Karad, Satara, etc) and Central Kerala (Gaud Saraswats)....Page 22:The institutions established by Madhva and his successors for the propagation of the system are found in different parts of the country. A large community of Madhva-Vaishnavas drawn mostly (not exclusively) from the brahmin fold has grown round these institutions. It is not a homogenous community on account of the barriers of language, manner's and customs, food habits and restrictions about intermarriages, etc. The largest number of the community are to found in the North Karnataka areas. Next comes The old Mysore areas, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, parts of Maharashtra proper, Tulunad (South Kanara) and U.P. Barring the Karnatak area and Tamil Nadu , the largest community of Madhvas is to be found among the Gaud Saraswats.
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The majority of Karhades are Shaivites and subscribe to Advaita though a small minority are Vaishnavites , having , like many Saraswat brahmins , come under the influence of Madhva.
Most notably these were the Deshastha and the Karhade Brahmans many of whom migrated across the Deccan into the east Godavari basin.
The Koteshwara Brahmins, who are Madhvas, are a small body who take their name from Koteshwara, a place in Coondapur taluk.
The Nanda Vaidikas come from the Telugu country and include both Smarthas and Madhvas.
the Kannada Kamme and Ulcha Kamme are both Smartas and Madhvas : nearly all speak Kannada, a few Telugu also.
The Madhwas are followers of the Dwaitha philosophy of Madhwacharya and have sub-sects like the Badaganadu, Aravelu, Aravathuvokkalu, Deshastha, etc.
The groups usually styled as Tulu Brahmins are mainly the Shivalli Brahmins whose main centre is Udipi....The Tulu-speaking Brahmins of the present day are largely followers of Madhvacharya. only a small number remaining Smarthas
Most of the Madhwas of the district speak Kannada at home. Among the Marathi speaking, a few are Chitpavans ( or Kokanasthas ) and Karhades and most of them are Deshasthas.
The Karhada Brahmins: The Brahmins lived in southern parts of modern Maharashtra, between Konkan and Desh, in a province, then called Karathak, comprising Satara, Sangli, and Kolhapur, with Karad as capital. Hence the name of Karhada Brahmins. Among them too there are Smartas and Madhvas or Bhagwats (Vaishnavites).
The Karhades are all Rigvedis of the Shakala Shaka, who respect the sutra, or aphorism, of Ashwalayana. They belong to both the Smartha, and the Vaishnava sects, and in religious and spiritual matters follow the guidance of Sri Shankaracharya, and Madhwacharya, respectively.
In Tamil Nadu, the Madhwa Brahmins are migrants from Karnataka. They have six sub-groups, they are Aruvela, Aruvanththuvakkalu, Badaganadu, Pennaththurar, Prathamasaki and Desastha and Badaga. They are concentrated in the Madras, Coimbatore, Coonoor and in Ooty.
The Madhwas or Golconda Vyapari Brahmins follow the teachings of their Guru Madhwachari who preached Dvaita in contrast to Sankaracharya's Advaita which believes that the Jivatma (soul of the individual) and Paramatma (cosmic soul) ...
A third religious leader who has had tremendous influence on the Gayawal is Madhavacharya who flourished during the twelfth century ad. The Gayawal caste as a whole is a follower of the Madhava Vaishnava sect, and, as we have noted earlier, the Madhva math is a living religious center that wields a powerful influence on Gayawal.
The Madhwa Brahmins speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect. Their language is punctuated by Sanskrit shlokas
The Madhva speak Kannada, their mother tongue, in their homes but with outsiders they speak Tamil
The Desastha Madhwa brahmins in the South have traditionally been bilingual in Marathi and Kannada, Telugu or Tamil
The Madhwa Brahman are traditionally priests . In addition , they are engaged in agriculture and business . At present , most of them are in government and private services .
While the GSBs tend to be a religiously self-contained community, the Taulavas and Desasthas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.
They are pure vegetarian and the staple cereals are rice and wheat
Krishnadevaraya of Tuluva Dynasty honoured the famous Madhwa Brahmin Poet Vyasatheertha
Saint Vadiraja: Belonged to the sect of the Madhva Brahmins of Udipi.
Shri Purandara dasa who is considered to be the aadhiguru and Sangeeta Pitamaha of carnatic music was born in purandaragad in Ballary District near the town of Hampi, to a millionaire Varadappa Nayak and Kamalambal, a devoted wife and great lady, belonging to Madhva Desastha Brahmin race, by the blessings of Tirupati Venkatachalapathi in the year 1484.
, it has been mentioned that Pachimiriyam Adiayyappaiah was a Karnataka Brahmin of the Madhva Sect.
(page 238) Krishnaswami Rao Kanchi, Dewan Bahadur, (1895), C.I.E, (1898), Dewan of Travsncore (retired), belongs to respectable Madhwa Deshastha Brahmin family; of late Mr. Kanchi Venkat Rao; b. 1845.
Born in 1852 in a Madhwa brahmin family, Seshanna was the son of Veena- Bakshi Chikkaramappa, a vidwan in Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's court and a descendant of Pachimiriam Adiappaiah, the creator of the immortal Bhairavi
P.N.Krishnamurthi Mysorean and Madhwa Brahmin was a Dewan
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Born in an orthodox Madhwa Brahmin household, he graduated in Philosophy hons
Mr. Sanjeevi Rao is the youngest of the three sons, born in 1883, of his father Venkobachariar of Palladam, Coimbatore District, belonging to a respected orthodox Madhwa Brahmin family
Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar was born on 15 June 1912 at Kattingeri, a village in Udupi Taluk of Dakshina Kannada District of coastal Karnataka, in a middle-class Kannada- speaking, Madhwa, Shivalli Brahman family.
A name that stands tall is that of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi born to a Madhwa Brahmin family of scholars in Gadag, Bhimsen took his training under the great Pt Rambhau Kundgolkar, popular as 'Sawai Gandharva'.
Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (S. R. Rao) was born on 1st July, 1920 at Anandapuram in Sagar taluk of Shimoga district in the erstwhile Mysore (now Karnataka) state. His father Shikaripur Hucha Rao, a Madhwa Brahmin, was well educated up to the first year in Arts and wanted to practise Law.
Sakharam Rao was born at Madhyarjunam ( Tiruvidaimarudur) in the Tanjore District. He was the eldest son of Gottu Vadya Srinivasa Rao, a famous player of the preceding generation from whom he learnt the art. He was a Madhva Desastha Brahmin and a Rigvedi.
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Regions with significant populations | |
---|---|
India ( Karnataka, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh) | |
Languages | |
Kannada, Konkani, Marathi, Telugu, Hindi, Tulu, Tamil, Malayalam | |
Religion | |
Hinduism ( Vaishnava) |
Madhva Brahmins (also often referred as Madhvas or Sadh-Vaishnavas [1]), are Hindu Brahmin communities in India, who follow Sadh Vaishnavism ( Sanskrit: सद्वैष्णवसम्प्रदाय) and Dvaita philosophy propounded by Madhvacharya. They are found mostly in the Indian states of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. [2]
The Madhwa community traces its philosophical origins to Madhvacharya, the founder of Tattvavada ( Dvaita) philosophy, who lived around 13th century. The Ashta Mathas of Udupi were established by Madhvacharya by his disciples. Other Acharyas who established mathas after Madhvacharya include Padmanabha Tirtha, Naraharitirtha, Akshobhya Tirtha, Jayatirtha, Sripadaraja, Vyasatirtha, Vadiraja Tirtha, Vijayendra Tirtha, Raghavendra Tirtha. [3] The affiliations of the Madhwa philosophy extended in the form of temples and monasteries from Udupi in the South India to Dwaraka in West India to Gaya in the East India to Badrinath in the North India. [4]
The town of Udupi is famous for the Sri Krishna temple of 13th century. The Madhwas believe that the human soul is saved by the grace of God and God bestows on true devotees. Devotional worship is central to the lives of madhwas. [5]
Statewise list of Brahmin communities who have a section that follows the Dvaita Vedanta of Madhvacharya. [6] [7]
Madhwa Brahmins are not a homogeneous community. Followers of Madhvacharya include Brahmins from multiple regions and are from various linguistic backgrounds. Madhwas who speak Kannada, one of the major languages of the mainly southern Dravidian languages group, speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect. [30] Even in the non-Kannada states Madhwas speak Kannada in their homes but with outsiders they speak the native language of that state. [31] The Marathi, Kannada, Telugu and Tamil speaking Madhva Brahmins are all followers of Deshastha Mathas, which are spread in Maharashtra and throughout South India. [32] The Tulu speaking Madhva Brahmins are followers of Tuluva Mathas. They are mainly concentrated in Tulunadu region of Karnataka, in the coastal districts of Udupi, Dakshina Kannada of present-day Karnataka state, and also in Kasargod and other parts of Kerala state. The Konkani speaking Madhva Brahmins are Gaud Saraswat Madhva Brahmins, who are spread throughout the Coastal Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Kerala. [33] The Bihari, Magahi and Hindi speaking Madhva Brahmins are Gayawal Brahmins, who are spread throughout the Gaya and Benares. [34] [35]
The traditional occupation of Madhwa Brahmins is priesthood, but they also engaged in occupations such as agriculture and the business. At present, the majority of them work in government and private sectors. [36]
The Tuluva Madhvas and Deshastha Madhvas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. The Gaud Saraswat Madhvas are a religiously self-contained community. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions. [37] In Bihar, Gayawal Brahmins are traditionally priests. They are the priests in the famous Vishnupad Temple, Gaya, who also hold a traditional monopoly over the performance of shraddha rituals on the Ghats of Gaya. [38]
Madhwa Brahmins are pure vegetarian and their staple cereals are rice and wheat. [39] Udupi cuisine is a synonymous name to Madhwa cuisine. It is a major vegetarian cuisine of Karnataka, which includes a combination of cereals, pulses, vegetables and spices. [40]
Typical Madhwa cuisine consists of Saaru ( Rasam), Huli ( Sambar), Gojju and Anna (Rice). [41] Gojju is generally a beloved dish to entire Madhwa community. [42] In sweets, Hayagreeva is a very common sweet dish made in most Madhwa Brahmin homes, made using Bengal gram with jaggery and coconut. [43]
Strict Madhva Brahmins avoid onion, garlic, red lentils, and even carrots, radish, brinjal and a few other vegetables and spices. They usually only eat food (prasāda) that is offered (naivedya) to one of the Vishnu deities, and fast on Vaishnava Ekadashi days (twice a month) without taking any food or water. Fruits and milk are usually allowed on Ekadashi days.
In 2017, the government of Karnataka introduced The Karnataka Prevention and Eradication of Inhuman Evil Practices and Black Magic Bill, 2017 in the assembly, which planned to ban all superstition practices considered black magic that promoted "social evils" and the persecution of skeptics. After much debate, Madhwa practices were exempted. In this practice, mudras usually made of gold or copper are heated in the yajna fire and stamped on the body. [44]
The followers of Madhwa are called Sad- Vaishnavas in contra-distinction to the Vaishnavas of Sri Sampradaya.
Page 18:The followers of Madhvacharya (especially Vaishnavas) are found all over Mysore, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra, apart from Maharashtra (Savase brahmins of Sangli, Tasgoan, Karad, Satara, etc) and Central Kerala (Gaud Saraswats)....Page 22:The institutions established by Madhva and his successors for the propagation of the system are found in different parts of the country. A large community of Madhva-Vaishnavas drawn mostly (not exclusively) from the brahmin fold has grown round these institutions. It is not a homogenous community on account of the barriers of language, manner's and customs, food habits and restrictions about intermarriages, etc. The largest number of the community are to found in the North Karnataka areas. Next comes The old Mysore areas, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, parts of Maharashtra proper, Tulunad (South Kanara) and U.P. Barring the Karnatak area and Tamil Nadu , the largest community of Madhvas is to be found among the Gaud Saraswats.
{{
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
The majority of Karhades are Shaivites and subscribe to Advaita though a small minority are Vaishnavites , having , like many Saraswat brahmins , come under the influence of Madhva.
Most notably these were the Deshastha and the Karhade Brahmans many of whom migrated across the Deccan into the east Godavari basin.
The Koteshwara Brahmins, who are Madhvas, are a small body who take their name from Koteshwara, a place in Coondapur taluk.
The Nanda Vaidikas come from the Telugu country and include both Smarthas and Madhvas.
the Kannada Kamme and Ulcha Kamme are both Smartas and Madhvas : nearly all speak Kannada, a few Telugu also.
The Madhwas are followers of the Dwaitha philosophy of Madhwacharya and have sub-sects like the Badaganadu, Aravelu, Aravathuvokkalu, Deshastha, etc.
The groups usually styled as Tulu Brahmins are mainly the Shivalli Brahmins whose main centre is Udipi....The Tulu-speaking Brahmins of the present day are largely followers of Madhvacharya. only a small number remaining Smarthas
Most of the Madhwas of the district speak Kannada at home. Among the Marathi speaking, a few are Chitpavans ( or Kokanasthas ) and Karhades and most of them are Deshasthas.
The Karhada Brahmins: The Brahmins lived in southern parts of modern Maharashtra, between Konkan and Desh, in a province, then called Karathak, comprising Satara, Sangli, and Kolhapur, with Karad as capital. Hence the name of Karhada Brahmins. Among them too there are Smartas and Madhvas or Bhagwats (Vaishnavites).
The Karhades are all Rigvedis of the Shakala Shaka, who respect the sutra, or aphorism, of Ashwalayana. They belong to both the Smartha, and the Vaishnava sects, and in religious and spiritual matters follow the guidance of Sri Shankaracharya, and Madhwacharya, respectively.
In Tamil Nadu, the Madhwa Brahmins are migrants from Karnataka. They have six sub-groups, they are Aruvela, Aruvanththuvakkalu, Badaganadu, Pennaththurar, Prathamasaki and Desastha and Badaga. They are concentrated in the Madras, Coimbatore, Coonoor and in Ooty.
The Madhwas or Golconda Vyapari Brahmins follow the teachings of their Guru Madhwachari who preached Dvaita in contrast to Sankaracharya's Advaita which believes that the Jivatma (soul of the individual) and Paramatma (cosmic soul) ...
A third religious leader who has had tremendous influence on the Gayawal is Madhavacharya who flourished during the twelfth century ad. The Gayawal caste as a whole is a follower of the Madhava Vaishnava sect, and, as we have noted earlier, the Madhva math is a living religious center that wields a powerful influence on Gayawal.
The Madhwa Brahmins speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect. Their language is punctuated by Sanskrit shlokas
The Madhva speak Kannada, their mother tongue, in their homes but with outsiders they speak Tamil
The Desastha Madhwa brahmins in the South have traditionally been bilingual in Marathi and Kannada, Telugu or Tamil
The Madhwa Brahman are traditionally priests . In addition , they are engaged in agriculture and business . At present , most of them are in government and private services .
While the GSBs tend to be a religiously self-contained community, the Taulavas and Desasthas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.
They are pure vegetarian and the staple cereals are rice and wheat
Krishnadevaraya of Tuluva Dynasty honoured the famous Madhwa Brahmin Poet Vyasatheertha
Saint Vadiraja: Belonged to the sect of the Madhva Brahmins of Udipi.
Shri Purandara dasa who is considered to be the aadhiguru and Sangeeta Pitamaha of carnatic music was born in purandaragad in Ballary District near the town of Hampi, to a millionaire Varadappa Nayak and Kamalambal, a devoted wife and great lady, belonging to Madhva Desastha Brahmin race, by the blessings of Tirupati Venkatachalapathi in the year 1484.
, it has been mentioned that Pachimiriyam Adiayyappaiah was a Karnataka Brahmin of the Madhva Sect.
(page 238) Krishnaswami Rao Kanchi, Dewan Bahadur, (1895), C.I.E, (1898), Dewan of Travsncore (retired), belongs to respectable Madhwa Deshastha Brahmin family; of late Mr. Kanchi Venkat Rao; b. 1845.
Born in 1852 in a Madhwa brahmin family, Seshanna was the son of Veena- Bakshi Chikkaramappa, a vidwan in Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's court and a descendant of Pachimiriam Adiappaiah, the creator of the immortal Bhairavi
P.N.Krishnamurthi Mysorean and Madhwa Brahmin was a Dewan
{{
cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(
help)
Born in an orthodox Madhwa Brahmin household, he graduated in Philosophy hons
Mr. Sanjeevi Rao is the youngest of the three sons, born in 1883, of his father Venkobachariar of Palladam, Coimbatore District, belonging to a respected orthodox Madhwa Brahmin family
Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar was born on 15 June 1912 at Kattingeri, a village in Udupi Taluk of Dakshina Kannada District of coastal Karnataka, in a middle-class Kannada- speaking, Madhwa, Shivalli Brahman family.
A name that stands tall is that of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi born to a Madhwa Brahmin family of scholars in Gadag, Bhimsen took his training under the great Pt Rambhau Kundgolkar, popular as 'Sawai Gandharva'.
Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (S. R. Rao) was born on 1st July, 1920 at Anandapuram in Sagar taluk of Shimoga district in the erstwhile Mysore (now Karnataka) state. His father Shikaripur Hucha Rao, a Madhwa Brahmin, was well educated up to the first year in Arts and wanted to practise Law.
Sakharam Rao was born at Madhyarjunam ( Tiruvidaimarudur) in the Tanjore District. He was the eldest son of Gottu Vadya Srinivasa Rao, a famous player of the preceding generation from whom he learnt the art. He was a Madhva Desastha Brahmin and a Rigvedi.
{{
cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link)