The Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw School [1] [2] [3] [4] ( Polish: Szko艂a Lwowsko-Warszawska) was an interdisciplinary school (mainly philosophy, logic and psychology) founded by Kazimierz Twardowski in 1895 in Lemberg, Austro-Hungary ( Polish: Lw贸w; now Lviv, Ukraine). [5]
Though its members represented a variety of disciplines, from mathematics through logic to psychology, the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw School is widely considered to have been a philosophical movement. [6] It has produced some of the leading logicians of the twentieth century such as Jan 艁ukasiewicz, Stanis艂aw Le艣niewski, and Alfred Tarski, among others. [7] Its members did not only contribute to the techniques of logic but also to various domains that belong to the philosophy of language. [8]
History
Polish philosophy and the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw school were considerably influenced by Franz Brentano and his pupils Kazimierz Twardowski, Anton Marty, Alexius Meinong, and Edmund Husserl. Twardowski founded the philosophical school when he became the chair of the Lviv University. [9]
Principal topics of interest to the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw school included formal ontology, mereology, and universal or categorial grammar.
The Lw贸w-Warsaw School began as a general philosophical school but steadily moved toward logic. The Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw school of logic lay at the origin of Polish logic and was closely associated with or was part of the Warsaw School of Mathematics. According to Jan Wole艅ski, a decisive factor in the school's development was the view that the future of the Polish school of mathematics depended on the research connected with the new branches of the field such as set theory and topology, which are closely related to mathematical logic. [10] The "philosophical branch" followed Twardowski's tradition and produced notable thinkers such as Bronis艂aw Bandrowski, who addressed the problem of induction and Tadeusz Kotarbinski, who is known for developing Reism. [11]
In the 1930s Alfred Tarski initiated contacts with the Vienna Circle. Tarski, the most prominent member of the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw School, has been ranked as one of the four greatest logicians of all time, along with Aristotle, Gottlob Frege, and Kurt G枚del. [12] [13] [14]
The school's work was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. [10] Despite this, its members went on to fundamentally influence modern science, notably mathematics and logic, in the post-war period. Tarski's description of semantic truth, for instance, has revolutionized logic and philosophy. [15]
In contemporary Polish learning, the philosopher Jan Wole艅ski considers himself close to the School's heritage. In 2013 Wole艅ski was awarded by the Foundation for Polish Science for his comprehensive analysis of the work of the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw school and for placing its achievements within the international discourse of contemporary analytic philosophy. [16]
Members
Many of the School's members worked in more than one field.
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz
- Bronis艂aw Bandrowski
- Leopold Blaustein
- J贸zef Maria Boche艅ski
- Leon Chwistek
- Tadeusz Cze偶owski
- Eug茅nie Ginsberg
- Janina Hosiasson-Lindenbaum
- Stanis艂aw Ja艣kowski
- Maria Kokoszy艅ska-Lutmanowa
- Tadeusz Kotarbi艅ski
- Czes艂aw Lejewski
- Stanis艂aw Le艣niewski
- Jan 艁ukasiewicz
- Maria Ossowska
- Alfred Tarski
- Kazimierz Twardowski
- W艂adys艂aw Witwicki
- Zygmunt Zawirski
See also
References
- ^ Be膷v谩艡ov谩, Martina, ed. (2021). Development Of Mathematics Between The World Wars: Case Studies, Examples And Analyses. World Scientific. p. 174. ISBN 9781786349309.
- ^ Cohen, Robert S.; Schnelle, Thomas, eds. (2011). Cognition and Fact: Materials on Ludwik Fleck. Springer. pp. 15鈥16, 217鈥218. ISBN 9789401085045.
- ^ Sebeok, Thomas A. (1986). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Semiotics: Vol. 1; A-M. De Gruyter. pp. 21, 144. ISBN 0899251374.
- ^ Stammerjohann, Harro, ed. (2009). Lexicon Grammaticorum: A bio-bibliographical companion to the history of linguistics; Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Max Niemeyer Verlag. p. 20. ISBN 9783484730687.
- ^ Rzepa, Teresa (1992). "Twardowski Kazimierz Jerzy Adolf ze Skrzypny Ogo艅czyk". In Kosnarewicz, Elwira; Rzepa, Teresa; Stachowski, Ryszard; et al. (eds.). S艂ownik psycholog贸w polskich [Dictionary of Polish psychologists] (in Polish). Pozna艅: Instytut Psychologii UAM. pp. 198鈥199. OCLC 834052536.
- ^ Jan Wole艅ski, Filozoficzna szko艂a lwowsko-warszawska, Warsaw, PWN, 1985.
- ^ Brentano, Franz (2015). Psychology from An Empirical Standpoint. Oxon: Routledge. pp. vii. ISBN 9781138019171.
- ^ Kijania-Placek, Katarzyna; Wolenski, Jan (2012). The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 219. ISBN 978-94-010-6146-9.
- ^ Szumilewicz-Lachman, Irena (2012). Zygmunt Zawirski: His Life and Work: with Selected Writings on Time, Logic and the Methodology of Science, Volume 157. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 978-0792325666.
- ^ a b Wolenski, Jan (2012). Logic and Philosophy in the Lvov鈥擶arsaw School. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 11, 18. ISBN 978-94-010-7666-1.
- ^ Krajewski, W艂adys艂aw (2001). Polish Philosophers of Science and Nature in the 20th Century. Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 11. ISBN 90-420-1497-0.
- ^ Feferman & Feferman, p. 1
- ^ Vaught, Robert L. (Dec 1986). "Alfred Tarski's Work in Model Theory". Journal of Symbolic Logic. 51 (4). ASL: 869鈥882. doi: 10.2307/2273900. JSTOR 2273900.
- ^ Restall, Greg (2002鈥2006). "Great Moments in Logic". Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
- ^ Bro偶ek, Anna; Chybi艅ska, Alicja; Jadacki, Jacek; Wole艅ski, Jan (2015). Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School: Ideas and Continuations. Leiden: BRILL. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-04-31175-6.
- ^ "Prof. Jan Wole艅ski, PhD hab. 鈥 FNP Prize 2013 laureate". Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
Bibliography
- Bro偶ek, A., A. Chybi艅ska, J. Jadacki, and Jan Wole艅ski, eds., Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School. Ideas and Continuations, Leiden, Boston, 2015.
- Bro偶ek, A., F. Stadler, and Jan Wole艅ski, eds., The Significance of the Lvov-Warsaw School in the European Culture, Wien, 2017.
- Coniglione, F., Polish Scientific Philosophy: The Lvov鈥揥arsaw School, Amsterdam, Atlanta, 1993.
- Drabarek, A., Jan Wole艅ski, and M.M. Radzki, eds., Interdisciplinary investigations into the Lvov-Warsaw School, Cham, 2019.
- Feferman, Anita Burdman; Feferman, Solomon (2004). Alfred Tarski: Life and Logic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80240-6. OCLC 54691904.
- Garrido, 脕., and U. Wybraniec-Skardowska, eds., The Lvov-Warsaw School. Past and Present, Basel, 2018.
- Jadacki, J.J., Polish Analytical Philosophy, Warsaw, 2009.
- Jadacki, J., and J. Pa艣niczek, eds., The Lvov-Warsaw School 鈥 The new generation, Pozna艅 Studies in the Philosophy of Science and Humanities, vol. 89, Polish Analytical Philosophy, vol. VI, Amsterdam, Atlanta, 2006 ISBN 978-90-420-2068-9.
- Jordan, Z., The Development of Mathematical Logic and of Logical Positivism in Poland between Two Wars, Oxford, 1945.
- Kijania-Place, K., and Jan Wole艅ski, eds., The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy, Dordrecht, 1998.
- Marion M., W. Mi艣kiewicz, S. Lapointe, and Jan Wole艅ski, eds., The Golden Age of Polish Philosophy: Kazimierz Twardowski's Philosophical Legacy, Dordrecht, 2009 ISBN 90-481-2400-X.
- McFarland, A., J. McFarland, and J.T. Smith, eds., Alfred Tarski: Early Work in Poland 鈥 Geometry and Teaching, Basel, 2010.
- Skolimowski, H., Polish Analytical Philosophy. London, 1967.
- Smith, B., Austrian Philosophy, Chicago, 1994.
- Szaniawski, Klemens, ed., The Vienna Circle and the Lvov鈥揥arsaw School, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 1989.
- Wole艅ski, Jan, Logic and Philosophy in the Lvov鈥揥arsaw School, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, Reidel, 1989.
External links
- The Lv贸v-Warsaw School, by Francesco Coniglione, in the Polish Philosophy Page.
- Wole艅ski, Jan. "The Lv贸v-Warsaw School". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Archives of the Lvov-Warsaw School, multi-institutional initiative to digitize and research the manuscripts of Twardowski and the school members.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
The Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw School [1] [2] [3] [4] ( Polish: Szko艂a Lwowsko-Warszawska) was an interdisciplinary school (mainly philosophy, logic and psychology) founded by Kazimierz Twardowski in 1895 in Lemberg, Austro-Hungary ( Polish: Lw贸w; now Lviv, Ukraine). [5]
Though its members represented a variety of disciplines, from mathematics through logic to psychology, the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw School is widely considered to have been a philosophical movement. [6] It has produced some of the leading logicians of the twentieth century such as Jan 艁ukasiewicz, Stanis艂aw Le艣niewski, and Alfred Tarski, among others. [7] Its members did not only contribute to the techniques of logic but also to various domains that belong to the philosophy of language. [8]
History
Polish philosophy and the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw school were considerably influenced by Franz Brentano and his pupils Kazimierz Twardowski, Anton Marty, Alexius Meinong, and Edmund Husserl. Twardowski founded the philosophical school when he became the chair of the Lviv University. [9]
Principal topics of interest to the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw school included formal ontology, mereology, and universal or categorial grammar.
The Lw贸w-Warsaw School began as a general philosophical school but steadily moved toward logic. The Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw school of logic lay at the origin of Polish logic and was closely associated with or was part of the Warsaw School of Mathematics. According to Jan Wole艅ski, a decisive factor in the school's development was the view that the future of the Polish school of mathematics depended on the research connected with the new branches of the field such as set theory and topology, which are closely related to mathematical logic. [10] The "philosophical branch" followed Twardowski's tradition and produced notable thinkers such as Bronis艂aw Bandrowski, who addressed the problem of induction and Tadeusz Kotarbinski, who is known for developing Reism. [11]
In the 1930s Alfred Tarski initiated contacts with the Vienna Circle. Tarski, the most prominent member of the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw School, has been ranked as one of the four greatest logicians of all time, along with Aristotle, Gottlob Frege, and Kurt G枚del. [12] [13] [14]
The school's work was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. [10] Despite this, its members went on to fundamentally influence modern science, notably mathematics and logic, in the post-war period. Tarski's description of semantic truth, for instance, has revolutionized logic and philosophy. [15]
In contemporary Polish learning, the philosopher Jan Wole艅ski considers himself close to the School's heritage. In 2013 Wole艅ski was awarded by the Foundation for Polish Science for his comprehensive analysis of the work of the Lw贸w鈥揥arsaw school and for placing its achievements within the international discourse of contemporary analytic philosophy. [16]
Members
Many of the School's members worked in more than one field.
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz
- Bronis艂aw Bandrowski
- Leopold Blaustein
- J贸zef Maria Boche艅ski
- Leon Chwistek
- Tadeusz Cze偶owski
- Eug茅nie Ginsberg
- Janina Hosiasson-Lindenbaum
- Stanis艂aw Ja艣kowski
- Maria Kokoszy艅ska-Lutmanowa
- Tadeusz Kotarbi艅ski
- Czes艂aw Lejewski
- Stanis艂aw Le艣niewski
- Jan 艁ukasiewicz
- Maria Ossowska
- Alfred Tarski
- Kazimierz Twardowski
- W艂adys艂aw Witwicki
- Zygmunt Zawirski
See also
References
- ^ Be膷v谩艡ov谩, Martina, ed. (2021). Development Of Mathematics Between The World Wars: Case Studies, Examples And Analyses. World Scientific. p. 174. ISBN 9781786349309.
- ^ Cohen, Robert S.; Schnelle, Thomas, eds. (2011). Cognition and Fact: Materials on Ludwik Fleck. Springer. pp. 15鈥16, 217鈥218. ISBN 9789401085045.
- ^ Sebeok, Thomas A. (1986). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Semiotics: Vol. 1; A-M. De Gruyter. pp. 21, 144. ISBN 0899251374.
- ^ Stammerjohann, Harro, ed. (2009). Lexicon Grammaticorum: A bio-bibliographical companion to the history of linguistics; Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Max Niemeyer Verlag. p. 20. ISBN 9783484730687.
- ^ Rzepa, Teresa (1992). "Twardowski Kazimierz Jerzy Adolf ze Skrzypny Ogo艅czyk". In Kosnarewicz, Elwira; Rzepa, Teresa; Stachowski, Ryszard; et al. (eds.). S艂ownik psycholog贸w polskich [Dictionary of Polish psychologists] (in Polish). Pozna艅: Instytut Psychologii UAM. pp. 198鈥199. OCLC 834052536.
- ^ Jan Wole艅ski, Filozoficzna szko艂a lwowsko-warszawska, Warsaw, PWN, 1985.
- ^ Brentano, Franz (2015). Psychology from An Empirical Standpoint. Oxon: Routledge. pp. vii. ISBN 9781138019171.
- ^ Kijania-Placek, Katarzyna; Wolenski, Jan (2012). The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 219. ISBN 978-94-010-6146-9.
- ^ Szumilewicz-Lachman, Irena (2012). Zygmunt Zawirski: His Life and Work: with Selected Writings on Time, Logic and the Methodology of Science, Volume 157. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 978-0792325666.
- ^ a b Wolenski, Jan (2012). Logic and Philosophy in the Lvov鈥擶arsaw School. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 11, 18. ISBN 978-94-010-7666-1.
- ^ Krajewski, W艂adys艂aw (2001). Polish Philosophers of Science and Nature in the 20th Century. Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 11. ISBN 90-420-1497-0.
- ^ Feferman & Feferman, p. 1
- ^ Vaught, Robert L. (Dec 1986). "Alfred Tarski's Work in Model Theory". Journal of Symbolic Logic. 51 (4). ASL: 869鈥882. doi: 10.2307/2273900. JSTOR 2273900.
- ^ Restall, Greg (2002鈥2006). "Great Moments in Logic". Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
- ^ Bro偶ek, Anna; Chybi艅ska, Alicja; Jadacki, Jacek; Wole艅ski, Jan (2015). Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School: Ideas and Continuations. Leiden: BRILL. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-04-31175-6.
- ^ "Prof. Jan Wole艅ski, PhD hab. 鈥 FNP Prize 2013 laureate". Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
Bibliography
- Bro偶ek, A., A. Chybi艅ska, J. Jadacki, and Jan Wole艅ski, eds., Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School. Ideas and Continuations, Leiden, Boston, 2015.
- Bro偶ek, A., F. Stadler, and Jan Wole艅ski, eds., The Significance of the Lvov-Warsaw School in the European Culture, Wien, 2017.
- Coniglione, F., Polish Scientific Philosophy: The Lvov鈥揥arsaw School, Amsterdam, Atlanta, 1993.
- Drabarek, A., Jan Wole艅ski, and M.M. Radzki, eds., Interdisciplinary investigations into the Lvov-Warsaw School, Cham, 2019.
- Feferman, Anita Burdman; Feferman, Solomon (2004). Alfred Tarski: Life and Logic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80240-6. OCLC 54691904.
- Garrido, 脕., and U. Wybraniec-Skardowska, eds., The Lvov-Warsaw School. Past and Present, Basel, 2018.
- Jadacki, J.J., Polish Analytical Philosophy, Warsaw, 2009.
- Jadacki, J., and J. Pa艣niczek, eds., The Lvov-Warsaw School 鈥 The new generation, Pozna艅 Studies in the Philosophy of Science and Humanities, vol. 89, Polish Analytical Philosophy, vol. VI, Amsterdam, Atlanta, 2006 ISBN 978-90-420-2068-9.
- Jordan, Z., The Development of Mathematical Logic and of Logical Positivism in Poland between Two Wars, Oxford, 1945.
- Kijania-Place, K., and Jan Wole艅ski, eds., The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy, Dordrecht, 1998.
- Marion M., W. Mi艣kiewicz, S. Lapointe, and Jan Wole艅ski, eds., The Golden Age of Polish Philosophy: Kazimierz Twardowski's Philosophical Legacy, Dordrecht, 2009 ISBN 90-481-2400-X.
- McFarland, A., J. McFarland, and J.T. Smith, eds., Alfred Tarski: Early Work in Poland 鈥 Geometry and Teaching, Basel, 2010.
- Skolimowski, H., Polish Analytical Philosophy. London, 1967.
- Smith, B., Austrian Philosophy, Chicago, 1994.
- Szaniawski, Klemens, ed., The Vienna Circle and the Lvov鈥揥arsaw School, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 1989.
- Wole艅ski, Jan, Logic and Philosophy in the Lvov鈥揥arsaw School, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, Reidel, 1989.
External links
- The Lv贸v-Warsaw School, by Francesco Coniglione, in the Polish Philosophy Page.
- Wole艅ski, Jan. "The Lv贸v-Warsaw School". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Archives of the Lvov-Warsaw School, multi-institutional initiative to digitize and research the manuscripts of Twardowski and the school members.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |