The
Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area , consists of about 1,900 acres (7.7 km2 ) of land in
Owings Mills ,
Maryland , USA.
[1]
[2]
[3]
Much of the area of Soldiers Delight contains a
serpentine barren that contains a number of rare and endangered species of plants.
[4]
[5]
The following list of herbaceous plants is based greatly on the work of Ed Uebel
[6]
and comes from the publications by Fleming et al. 1995,
[7]
Monteferrante 1973,
[8]
Reed 1984,
[9]
Wennerstrom 1995,
[10]
and the unpublished data by Worthley 1955-1985.
[11]
List of Wildflowers of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area
Division
Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms
Class
Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Amaranthaceae - (
Amaranth Family)
Apiaceae - (
Carrot Family)
Apocynaceae - (
Dogbane Family)
Asteraceae - (
Aster Family)
Achillea millefolium L. - Yarrow
[8]
[11]
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. - Common ragweed
[8]
[11]
Ambrosia trifida L. - Giant ragweed [M, Wo]
[8]
[11]
Ageratina altissima Houtt. - White snakeroot
[8]
[10]
[11]
Ageratina aromatica L. - Aromatic thoroughwort
[9]
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. - Pearly everlasting
[11]
Antennaria plantaginifolia L. Hook. - Plantain-leaf pussytoes
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Anthemis arvensis L. - Field chamomile
[11]
Anthemis cotula L. - Mayweed, dogfennel
[11]
Aster tataricus L.f. - Tatarian aster
[11]
Bidens bipinnata L. - Spanish needles
[11]
Bidens frondosa L. - Devil's beggartick
[11]
Bidens polylepis S.F.Blake - Tickseed sunflower
[8]
[9]
[11]
Carduus nutans L. - Musk thistle
[8]
Leucanthemum vulgare L. - Ox-eye daisy
[8]
[11]
Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Elliott - Maryland golden aster
[11]
Cichorium intybus L. – Chicory
[10]
[11]
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. - Canada thistle
[11]
Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. - Field thistle [Hand-out]
Cirsium horridulum Michx. - Yellow thistle
[11]
Cirsium muticum Michx. - Swamp thistle
[7]
[8]
[9]
Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. - Pilewort, fireweed
[11]
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. - Daisy or Annual Fleabane
[8]
[11]
Erigeron canadensis (L.) Cronquist - Horseweed
[8]
[11]
Erigeron pulchellus Michx. - Robin's Plantain
[11]
Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. - Daisy Fleabane
[8]
[11]
Eupatorium altissimum L. - Tall Thoroughwort
[9]
Eupatorium perfoliatum L. -
Boneset
[8]
[10]
[11]
Eutrochium fistulosum Barratt -
Joe-pye weed
[8]
[9]
[10]
Eupatorium sessilifolium L. - Upland boneset
[11]
Eurybia divaricata (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster divaricatus ) - White wood aster
[11]
Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees (Syn. Aster schreberi ) - Schreber's aster
[11]
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. (Syn.
Solidago graminifolia ) - Lance-leaf goldenrod
[8]
[10]
[11]
Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. - Galinsoga
[11]
Helenium autumnale L. - Yellow sneezeweed
[11]
Helianthus annuus L. - Sunflower
[11]
Helianthus decapetalus L. - Thin-leaf sunflower
[9]
[11]
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet - Ox-eye
[8]
Hieracium caespitosum Dumort - Yellow king devil
[11]
Hieracium gronovii L. - Hairy hawkweed
[9]
Hieracium paniculatum L. - Panicled Hawkweed
[11]
Hieracium scabrum Michx. - Rough Hawkweed
[11]
Hieracium venosum L. - Rattlesnake Weed
[8]
[9]
[11]
Ionactis linariifolia (L.) Greene (Syn. Aster linariifolius ) - Flax-leaf white-top aster
[11]
Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. – Dwarf dandelion
[11]
Lactuca saligna L. – Willow-leaf lettuce
[11]
Lactuca serriola L. – Prickly lettuce
[11]
Liatris graminifolia Willd. –
Grass-leaf Blazing-star
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. -
Spiked Blazing-star
[7]
[9]
[10] {G5, S1}
Matricaria discoidea DC. – Pineapple Weed
[11]
Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. – Climbing Hempweed
[11]
Oclemena acuminata (Michx.) Greene (Syn. Aster acuminatus ) - Whorled Wood Aster
[8]
Packera anonyma (Wood) W.A.Weber & A.Löve (Syn. Senecio smallii, Senecio anonymus ) - Southern Ragwort
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Packera paupercula (Michx.) A.Löve & D.Löve (Syn. Senecio balsamitae, Senecio pauperculus ) - Balsam Ragwort, Balsam Groundsel
[7]
[11]
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (Syn. Gnaphalium obtusifolium ) - Rabbit-tobacco, Sweet Everlasting, Fragrant Cudweed
[9]
[11]
Rudbeckia hirta L. – Black-eyed Susan
[8]
[10]
[11]
Rudbeckia laciniata L. –
Cutleaf coneflower , Green-head Coneflower
[11]
Rudbeckia triloba L. – Three-lobed Coneflower
[9]
[11]
Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (Syn. Aster paternus ) - Toothed White-top Aster
[8]
[9]
[11]
Solidago bicolor L. - Silver-rod
[8]
[9]
[11]
Solidago caesia L. - Blue-stemmed Goldenrod
[11]
Solidago canadensis L. - Canada Goldenrod
[11]
Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. & A.Gray - Tall Goldenrod
[8]
[9]
[11]
Solidago gigantea Aiton - Late Goldenrod
[11]
Solidago hispida Muhl. - Hispid Goldenrod
[9] {G5, SH, X}
Solidago juncea Aiton - Early Goldenrod
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Solidago nemoralis Aiton - Gray Goldenrod
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Solidago patula Muhl. - Rough-leaved Goldenrod
[11]
Solidago rigida L. - Stiff Goldenrod
[11]
Solidago rugosa Mill. - Wrinkle-leaf Goldenrod
[8]
[9]
[11]
Solidago stricta Aiton - Willow-leaf Goldenrod
[11]
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. - Elm-leaf Goldenrod
[8]
[11]
Taraxacum officinale Weber -
Dandelion
[8]
[11]
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster cordifolius ) - Common blue wood aster
[11]
Symphyotrichum depauperatum (Fernald) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster depauperatus ) - Eastern Serpentine Aster
[7]
[9]
[10] {G2, S1, E}
Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster dumosum ) - Rice Button Aster
[8]
Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster ericoides ) - White Heath Aster
[8]
[11]
Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A.Löve & D.Löve (Syn. Aster laevis ) - Smooth Blue Aster
[11]
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.Löve & D.Löve (Syn. Aster lateriflorus ) - Calico Aster
[8]
[9]
[11]
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster novae-angliae ) - New England Aster
[11]
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster novi-belgii ) - New York Aster
[7]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Symphyotrichum patens (Aiton) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster patens ) - Late Purple Aster
[8]
[11]
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster pilosus ) - Hairy White Heath Aster
[8]
[9]
[11]
Symphyotrichum racemosum (Elliott) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster racemosus ) - Smooth White Oldfield Aster
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster undulatus ) - Wavy-leaf Aster
[11]
Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Bernh. - Feverfew
[11]
Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton - Wingstem
[11]
Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. - New York Ironweed
[7]
[8]
[10]
[11]
Balsaminaceae - (Touch-me-not Family)
Boraginaceae - (
Borage Family)
Brassicaceae - (
Mustard Family)
Campanulaceae - (Bellflower family)
Caryophyllaceae - (Pink Family)
Chenopodiaceae - (
Goosefoot Family)
Cistaceae - (
Rockrose Family)
Clusiaceae - (
Mangosteen Family)
Convolvulaceae - (
Morning glory Family)
Ericaceae - (Heath Family)
Fabaceae - (
Bean Family)
Gentianaceae - (
Gentian Family)
Lamiaceae - (Mint Family)
Linaceae - (
Flax Family)
Linum medium (Planch.) Britton - Common Yellow Flax
[8]
[9]
[11]
Linum sulcatum Riddell - Grooved Yellow Flax
[10] {G5, S1, E}
Linum virginianum L. - Virginia Yellow Flax
[7]
Lythraceae - (
Loosestrife Family)
Melastomataceae - (Meadow-beauty Family)
Onagraceae - (
Evening Primrose Family)
Orobanchaceae - (
Broomrape Family)
Oxalidaceae - (Wood-sorrel Family)
Papaveraceae - (
Poppy Family)
Phrymaceae - (
Lopseed Family)
Phytolaccaceae - (
Pokeweed Family)
Plantaginaceae - (
Plantain Family)
Polemoniaceae - (
Phlox Family)
Polygalaceae - (
Milkwort Family)
Polygonaceae - (
Buckwheat Family)
Portulacaceae - (
Purslane Family)
Primulaceae - (
Primrose Family)
Ranunculaceae - (
Buttercup Family)
Rosaceae - (
Rose Family)
Rubiaceae - (
Madder Family)
Santalaceae - (
Sandalwood Family)
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. - Bastard Toadflax
[9]
Saxifragaceae - (
Saxifrage Family)
Scrophulariaceae - (
Figwort Family)
Solanaceae - (
Nightshade Family)
Urticaceae - (
Nettle Family)
Violaceae - (
Violet Family)
Class
Liliopsida - Monocotyledons
Amaryllidaceae - (
Amaryllis Family)
Araceae - (
Arum Family)
Commelinaceae - (
Spiderwort Family)
Dioscoreaceae - (
Yam Family)
Iridaceae - (
Iris Family)
Lemnaceae - (
Duckweed Family)
Liliaceae - (
Lily Family)
Orchidaceae - (
Orchid Family)
Smilacaceae - (
Greenbrier Family)
References
^
Maryland Department of Natural Resources (August 15, 2007).
"Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area" .
Patapsco Valley State Park . Archived from
the original on December 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-23 .
^
Maryland Department of Natural Resources (August 15, 2007).
"Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area" . Trail Guide .
Patapsco Valley State Park . Archived from
the original on December 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-23 .
^ Bob Conkwright, Division of Coastal and Estuarine Geology.
"Soldiers Delight Serpentine Barrens, Baltimore County" . Maryland's Geologic Features .
Maryland Department of Natural Resources . Retrieved 2007-12-23 .
^
Flanagan-Brown, Riley E., Geological Society of America (November 6, 2001).
"Soldiers delight natural environment area, Maryland, USA: Toward preservation of a rare, serpentinite-based ecosystem" . GSA Annual Meeting, November 5–8, 2001 . Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved 2007-12-23 . {{
cite web }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^
Ann Prince ; Josephine Thoms; John Prince (October 22, 2004).
"Natural Communities - Serpentine Grasslands" . Learn More About It . Wildlife and Heritage Service, National Office of
The Nature Conservancy . Archived from
the original on October 30, 2004. Retrieved 2007-12-23 .
^ Ed Uebel.
"- - An Ongoing Survey - -" . The Botanical Diversity of Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area . Retrieved 2007-12-23 . [
permanent dead link ]
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ac Fleming, Cristol, Marion B. Lobstein, and Barbara Tufty (1995). Finding Wildflowers in the Washington-Baltimore Area . Baltimore and London:
The Johns Hopkins University Press . p. 312 pages. {{
cite book }}
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Monteferrante, Frank (1973). "Phytosociological Study of Soldiers Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland". Towson State College, Towson, Maryland.
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bz Reed, Clyde F. (1984). Floras of the Serpentinite Formations in Eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations . Baltimore Maryland: Reed Herbarium.
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Wennerstrom, Jack (1995). Soldiers Delight Journal - Exploring a Globally Rare Ecosystem . Pittsburg and London: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 247 pages.
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fg Worthley, Elmer G. (1955–1985). List of Plants of Soldier's Delight . Unpublished.
Further reading
Uebel, Edward C. (2000).
Maryland Bryophytes Collected by Elmer G. Worthley . Silver Spring, Maryland: The Maryland Native Plant Society.
Brown, Melvin L. & Russell G. Brown (1984). Herbaceous Plants of Maryland . Baltimore, Maryland: Port City Press.
Davis, Charles A. (2004). List of Plants of Soldier's Delight . Unpublished.
Gleason, Henry A. & Arthur Cronquist (1991). Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (Second ed.). Bronx, New York: The New York Botanical Garden. p. 910 pages.
"Target building, Soldiers Delight Visitor Center" . Google Hybrid Map . 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-23 .
Holmgren, Noel H (1998). Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern U. S. and Adjacent Canada . Bronx, New York:
The New York Botanical Garden . p. 937 pages.
Maryland Department of Natural Resources (2007-12-13).
"Explanation of Rank and Status Codes" (PDF) . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2005-04-04. Retrieved 2007-12-23 .
Maryland Department of Natural Resources (2007-11-13).
"Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Baltimore County, Maryland" (PDF) . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2007-12-23 .
See also
External links
Federal
State
County and municipal
Non- governmental
Parks and sanctuaries Nature centers