This is a list of wars that began between 1945 and 1989. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity. Major conflicts of this period include the Chinese Civil War in Asia, the Greek Civil War in Europe, the Colombian civil war known as La Violencia in South America, the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia, the Ethiopian Civil War in Africa, and the Guatemalan Civil War in North America.
1945–1960
1950–1959
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1960–1969
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1970–1979
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1980–1989
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See also
References
-
^
"Iran: the " liberation " of Arabistan". articles.abolkhaseb.net. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
New revolts occurred in 1943 and 1945 and were quelled in blood.
- ^
a
b
c Khan, Hafeez R. (1960). "Afghanistan and Pakistan". Pakistan Horizon. 13 (1): 55.
ISSN
0030-980X.
JSTOR
41392239.
1933: Siege of Matun, the capital of the Afghan province of Khost, by the Mohmands. 1937: Uprising of the Mohmands, the Shinwaris and the Sulayman Khel section of the Ghilzais. 1938: Abortive tribal movement under the Shami Pir to oust King Zahir Shah. 1948-49: Rebellion of the Safi tribes. 1955: Abortive tribal movement on Kabul
- ^
a
b Robinson, Francis (4 November 2010).
The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 5, The Islamic World in the Age of Western Dominance. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
978-1-316-17578-1.
In addition, tension between the government and the BÄnki MillÄ« group and the á¹¢ÄfÄ« PashtÅ«n tribal revolt (1947– 9) in NangarhÄr Province brought Muḥammad DÄʾūd, who brutally suppressed it, to national attention.
- ^ Frank, R.B.; Clark, W.K. (2007). MacArthur: A Biography. St. Martin's Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-230-61076-7. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
- ^ US State Department statement regarding "Korea: Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission" and the Armistice Agreement "which ended the Korean War."
- ^ "ÄŒeskoslovenÅ¡tà lékaÅ™i stáli v korejské válce na stranÄ› KLDR. Jejich mise stále vyvolává otaznÃky" (in Czech). Czech Radio. 11 April 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ "Romania's "Fraternal Support" to North Korea during the Korean War, 1950–1953". Wilson Centre. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
-
^ Giustozzi, Antonio (November 2008).
"Afghanistan: transition without end" (PDF). Crisis States Working Papers. p. 13.
S2CID
54592886.
The 'peasant' revolt of Harazajat in 1952 has also been attributed to the abuses of the state administration (Davydov 1967: 162). In this case, the revolt was immediate because the population was still well armed following the civil war, but my hypothesis is that elsewhere the 'imperial' system of oppression and exclusion and the patrimonial system of administration were slowly preparing the ground for future explosions, should the opportunity arise.
-
^ Giustozzi, Antonio (November 2008).
"Afghanistan: transition without end" (PDF). Crisis States Working Papers. p. 13.
S2CID
54592886.
The last tribal revolt of the pre-1978 period was easily crushed in 1955.
- ^ Waldemar Gruschke, Markenländer-Lexikon, vol. 3 N–Sh, 2006, p. 83, ISBN 3-8334-4936-5
- ^ "Israel Routs Egypt"
- ^ "Nasser lost the war in military terms"
-
^ JalÄlzaʾī, MÅ«sá ḴẖÄn (2002).
Afghanistan's internal security threats: the dynamics of ethnic and sectarian violence. Dua Publications. p. 114.
In the late 1950s Hazaras again organized an armed insurrection in opposition to the imposition of heavy taxes. The state pacified the resistance by repealing taxes levied on the Hazaras and imprisoned the leaders of the rebellion, including Mohammad Ebrahim Beg, known as Bacha-e- Gaw Sawar, Khawja Naeem and Sayed Mohammad Esmail Balkhi. Ebrahim, who compromised his principles, was later released from jail, while Balkhi remained there until 1964.
-
^ Innocent, Malou (2011).
"Should America Liberate Afghanistan's Women?" (PDF). pp. 35, 36.
Yet past efforts to reform, reshape or otherwise revamp Afghan society have only served to unite insular tribal, ethnic and regional-based communities against the imposition of centralised control. Instances of this include the Safi Rebellion (1945–46); the Pashtun revolt in Kandahar against provincial taxes and schools for girls (1959); an Islamist uprising in the Panjshir Valley (1975); and resistance to land reform, education policies and family law in Nuristan and Herat (1978). These rebellions were triggered when Kabul-based modernists attempted to control the social environment of the more conservative rural hinterland.
- ^ "Upper Yafa (Disturbances): 7 Jul 1959: House of Commons debates". TheyWorkForYou. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ "Rubén Miró y la invasión de cubanos a Panamá" (in Spanish). Panama City: La Estrella de Panamá. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ Lora, J. Armando. "Invasión" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ Algiers putsch of 1961
- ^ Battle of Bab El Oued
- ^ Flores, Victor (28 September 2013). "Los cubanos son los artÃfices del fraude electoral en Venezuela". El PaÃs (in Spanish). Madrid: Ediciones El PaÃs. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ "17. French Somaliland (1956-1977)". uca.edu. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
- ^ Davidson, Jamie Seth (2009). From Rebellion to Riots Collective Violence on Indonesian Borneo. Singapore: NUS Press. p. 64-83. ISBN 978-9971-69-427-2.
- ^ "Does Supply-Induced Scarcity Drive Violent Conflicts in the African Sahel? The Case of the Tuareg Rebellion in Northern Mali" (Nov. 2008) Journal of Peace Research Vol. 45, No. 6
- ^ Manlupig, Karlos (29 January 2015). "Mamasapano: Sleepy town roused by SAF-MILF clash". Rappler. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- ^ Anak Agung Banyu Perwita (2007). Indonesia and the Muslim World: Islam and Secularism in the Foreign Policy of Soeharto and Beyond. NIAS Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-87-91114-92-2.
- ^ "Khadafy admits aiding Muslim seccesionists". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 5 August 1986. p. 2.
- ^ Smith, Paul J. (21 September 2004). Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 194–. ISBN 978-0-7656-3626-3.
- ^ Larousse, William (1 January 2001). A Local Church Living for Dialogue: Muslim-Christian Relations in Mindanao-Sulu, Philippines: 1965-2000. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. pp. 151 & 162. ISBN 978-88-7652-879-8.
- ^ Michelle Ann Miller (2012). Autonomy and Armed Separatism in South and Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 291–. ISBN 978-981-4379-97-7.
- ^ Tan, Andrew T/H. (2009). A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 230, 238. ISBN 978-1-84720-718-0.
- ^ Svensson, Isak (27 November 2014). International Mediation Bias and Peacemaking: Taking Sides in Civil Wars. Routledge. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-135-10544-0.
- ^ Kristine Angeli Sabillo (9 August 2013). "New al-Qaeda-inspired group eyed in Mindanao blasts—terror expert". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "MILF says MNLF joins fray on side of BIFM". InterAksyon.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "Abu Sayyaf Group (Philippines, Islamist separatists)". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Miani 2011, p. 74.
- ^ Peter Bergen (8 March 2015). "ISIS goes global". CNN. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "Senior Abu Sayyaf leader swears oath to ISIS". Rappler. 4 August 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "ISIS Now Has Military Allies in 11 Countries – NYMag". Daily Intelligencer. 23 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "New People's Army". Stanford University. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Philippines-CPP/NPA (1969 – first combat deaths)". August 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
- ^ Ruzindana, Augustine. " Remembering the Aborted 1972 Invasion by Ugandan Exiles." Daily Monitor. September 14, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2015.
- ^ Shazly, p. 278.
-
^ Perez, Louis A. (2014). Cuba Between Reform And Revolution (Paperback ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 300.
ISBN
978-0-19-930144-7.
Cuba also dispatched combat troops to Syria in 1973 during the Yom Kipur War
- ^ Gott, Cuba, A New History, p. 280.
- ^ Tobji, Mahjoub (2006). Les officiers de Sa Majesté: Les dérives des généraux marocains 1956–2006. Fayard. p. 107. ISBN 978-2-213-63015-1.
- ^ Tripp, Charles (25 February 2013). The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-139-85124-4.
- ^ "Iran 'won' the war with Iraq but at a heavy price". Atlantic Council. 22 September 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ Kapur, S. Paul (2007). Dangerous Deterrent: Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Conflict in South Asia. Stanford University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8047-5550-4.
- ^ "The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World". Time. 31 July 1989. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007.
- ^ Musharraf, Pervez (2006). In the Line of Fire: A Memoir. Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-8344-9.(pp. 68–69)
Notes
This is a list of wars that began between 1945 and 1989. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity. Major conflicts of this period include the Chinese Civil War in Asia, the Greek Civil War in Europe, the Colombian civil war known as La Violencia in South America, the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia, the Ethiopian Civil War in Africa, and the Guatemalan Civil War in North America.
1945–1960
1950–1959
1960–1969
1970–1979
1980–1989
See also
References
-
^
"Iran: the " liberation " of Arabistan". articles.abolkhaseb.net. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
New revolts occurred in 1943 and 1945 and were quelled in blood.
- ^
a
b
c Khan, Hafeez R. (1960). "Afghanistan and Pakistan". Pakistan Horizon. 13 (1): 55.
ISSN
0030-980X.
JSTOR
41392239.
1933: Siege of Matun, the capital of the Afghan province of Khost, by the Mohmands. 1937: Uprising of the Mohmands, the Shinwaris and the Sulayman Khel section of the Ghilzais. 1938: Abortive tribal movement under the Shami Pir to oust King Zahir Shah. 1948-49: Rebellion of the Safi tribes. 1955: Abortive tribal movement on Kabul
- ^
a
b Robinson, Francis (4 November 2010).
The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 5, The Islamic World in the Age of Western Dominance. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
978-1-316-17578-1.
In addition, tension between the government and the BÄnki MillÄ« group and the á¹¢ÄfÄ« PashtÅ«n tribal revolt (1947– 9) in NangarhÄr Province brought Muḥammad DÄʾūd, who brutally suppressed it, to national attention.
- ^ Frank, R.B.; Clark, W.K. (2007). MacArthur: A Biography. St. Martin's Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-230-61076-7. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
- ^ US State Department statement regarding "Korea: Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission" and the Armistice Agreement "which ended the Korean War."
- ^ "ÄŒeskoslovenÅ¡tà lékaÅ™i stáli v korejské válce na stranÄ› KLDR. Jejich mise stále vyvolává otaznÃky" (in Czech). Czech Radio. 11 April 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ "Romania's "Fraternal Support" to North Korea during the Korean War, 1950–1953". Wilson Centre. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
-
^ Giustozzi, Antonio (November 2008).
"Afghanistan: transition without end" (PDF). Crisis States Working Papers. p. 13.
S2CID
54592886.
The 'peasant' revolt of Harazajat in 1952 has also been attributed to the abuses of the state administration (Davydov 1967: 162). In this case, the revolt was immediate because the population was still well armed following the civil war, but my hypothesis is that elsewhere the 'imperial' system of oppression and exclusion and the patrimonial system of administration were slowly preparing the ground for future explosions, should the opportunity arise.
-
^ Giustozzi, Antonio (November 2008).
"Afghanistan: transition without end" (PDF). Crisis States Working Papers. p. 13.
S2CID
54592886.
The last tribal revolt of the pre-1978 period was easily crushed in 1955.
- ^ Waldemar Gruschke, Markenländer-Lexikon, vol. 3 N–Sh, 2006, p. 83, ISBN 3-8334-4936-5
- ^ "Israel Routs Egypt"
- ^ "Nasser lost the war in military terms"
-
^ JalÄlzaʾī, MÅ«sá ḴẖÄn (2002).
Afghanistan's internal security threats: the dynamics of ethnic and sectarian violence. Dua Publications. p. 114.
In the late 1950s Hazaras again organized an armed insurrection in opposition to the imposition of heavy taxes. The state pacified the resistance by repealing taxes levied on the Hazaras and imprisoned the leaders of the rebellion, including Mohammad Ebrahim Beg, known as Bacha-e- Gaw Sawar, Khawja Naeem and Sayed Mohammad Esmail Balkhi. Ebrahim, who compromised his principles, was later released from jail, while Balkhi remained there until 1964.
-
^ Innocent, Malou (2011).
"Should America Liberate Afghanistan's Women?" (PDF). pp. 35, 36.
Yet past efforts to reform, reshape or otherwise revamp Afghan society have only served to unite insular tribal, ethnic and regional-based communities against the imposition of centralised control. Instances of this include the Safi Rebellion (1945–46); the Pashtun revolt in Kandahar against provincial taxes and schools for girls (1959); an Islamist uprising in the Panjshir Valley (1975); and resistance to land reform, education policies and family law in Nuristan and Herat (1978). These rebellions were triggered when Kabul-based modernists attempted to control the social environment of the more conservative rural hinterland.
- ^ "Upper Yafa (Disturbances): 7 Jul 1959: House of Commons debates". TheyWorkForYou. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ "Rubén Miró y la invasión de cubanos a Panamá" (in Spanish). Panama City: La Estrella de Panamá. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ Lora, J. Armando. "Invasión" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ Algiers putsch of 1961
- ^ Battle of Bab El Oued
- ^ Flores, Victor (28 September 2013). "Los cubanos son los artÃfices del fraude electoral en Venezuela". El PaÃs (in Spanish). Madrid: Ediciones El PaÃs. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ "17. French Somaliland (1956-1977)". uca.edu. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
- ^ Davidson, Jamie Seth (2009). From Rebellion to Riots Collective Violence on Indonesian Borneo. Singapore: NUS Press. p. 64-83. ISBN 978-9971-69-427-2.
- ^ "Does Supply-Induced Scarcity Drive Violent Conflicts in the African Sahel? The Case of the Tuareg Rebellion in Northern Mali" (Nov. 2008) Journal of Peace Research Vol. 45, No. 6
- ^ Manlupig, Karlos (29 January 2015). "Mamasapano: Sleepy town roused by SAF-MILF clash". Rappler. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- ^ Anak Agung Banyu Perwita (2007). Indonesia and the Muslim World: Islam and Secularism in the Foreign Policy of Soeharto and Beyond. NIAS Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-87-91114-92-2.
- ^ "Khadafy admits aiding Muslim seccesionists". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 5 August 1986. p. 2.
- ^ Smith, Paul J. (21 September 2004). Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 194–. ISBN 978-0-7656-3626-3.
- ^ Larousse, William (1 January 2001). A Local Church Living for Dialogue: Muslim-Christian Relations in Mindanao-Sulu, Philippines: 1965-2000. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. pp. 151 & 162. ISBN 978-88-7652-879-8.
- ^ Michelle Ann Miller (2012). Autonomy and Armed Separatism in South and Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 291–. ISBN 978-981-4379-97-7.
- ^ Tan, Andrew T/H. (2009). A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 230, 238. ISBN 978-1-84720-718-0.
- ^ Svensson, Isak (27 November 2014). International Mediation Bias and Peacemaking: Taking Sides in Civil Wars. Routledge. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-135-10544-0.
- ^ Kristine Angeli Sabillo (9 August 2013). "New al-Qaeda-inspired group eyed in Mindanao blasts—terror expert". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "MILF says MNLF joins fray on side of BIFM". InterAksyon.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "Abu Sayyaf Group (Philippines, Islamist separatists)". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Miani 2011, p. 74.
- ^ Peter Bergen (8 March 2015). "ISIS goes global". CNN. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "Senior Abu Sayyaf leader swears oath to ISIS". Rappler. 4 August 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "ISIS Now Has Military Allies in 11 Countries – NYMag". Daily Intelligencer. 23 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "New People's Army". Stanford University. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Philippines-CPP/NPA (1969 – first combat deaths)". August 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
- ^ Ruzindana, Augustine. " Remembering the Aborted 1972 Invasion by Ugandan Exiles." Daily Monitor. September 14, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2015.
- ^ Shazly, p. 278.
-
^ Perez, Louis A. (2014). Cuba Between Reform And Revolution (Paperback ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 300.
ISBN
978-0-19-930144-7.
Cuba also dispatched combat troops to Syria in 1973 during the Yom Kipur War
- ^ Gott, Cuba, A New History, p. 280.
- ^ Tobji, Mahjoub (2006). Les officiers de Sa Majesté: Les dérives des généraux marocains 1956–2006. Fayard. p. 107. ISBN 978-2-213-63015-1.
- ^ Tripp, Charles (25 February 2013). The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-139-85124-4.
- ^ "Iran 'won' the war with Iraq but at a heavy price". Atlantic Council. 22 September 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ Kapur, S. Paul (2007). Dangerous Deterrent: Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Conflict in South Asia. Stanford University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8047-5550-4.
- ^ "The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World". Time. 31 July 1989. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007.
- ^ Musharraf, Pervez (2006). In the Line of Fire: A Memoir. Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-8344-9.(pp. 68–69)