Buildings can appear to be twisted by design, where the twisting ( torsion, helix, etc.) is structural rather than merely an ornamental detail. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat defines a twisting building as one that progressively rotates its floor plates or its façade as it gains height. [1] There are 41 spiraled skyscrapers, and 4 more are under construction. [2]
Turning Torso, in Malmö, Sweden is regarded as the first twisted tower or building. [3] It was designed by Santiago Calatrava and was completed in 2005. [4] When completed, Diamond Tower will be the only building to twist a full 360 degrees along its height. F&F Tower, in Panama City, holds the record for the tightest twist, that is, the highest average rotation per floor, at 5.943 degrees across each of its 53 floors; and as of 2017, it is the completed building with the highest total rotation, with 315 degrees. [3]
List of tallest twisted buildings
The following list includes completed or topped-out buildings sorted by height. [3] Buildings under construction are shaded in grey.
| Rank | Image | Name | City | Height in m (ft) | Floor count | Completion year | Average floor rotation | Total rotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
.jpg)
|
Shanghai Tower | Shanghai, China | 632 m (2,073 ft) | 128 | 2015 | 0.938° | 120° |
| 2 |
|
Lakhta Center | Saint Petersburg, Russia | 462 m (1,516 ft) | 87 | 2019 | 1.047° | 90° |
| 3 |
|
Burj Almasa | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | 432 m (1,417 ft) | 93 | 2027 | 3.871° | 360° |
| 4 |
|
Telekom Tower | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 310 m (1,020 ft) | 55 | 2001 | ||
| 5 |
|
Ocean Heights | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 310 m (1,020 ft) | 83 | 2010 | 0.482° | 40° |
| 6 |
|
Cayan Tower | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 306 m (1,004 ft) | 73 | 2013 | 1.233° | 90° |
| 7 |
|
Supernova Spira | Noida, India | 300 m (980 ft) | 80 | 2021 | 1.825° | 146° |
| 8 | Shimao Qianhai Center | Shenzhen, China | 294.3 m (966 ft) | 63 | 2020 | 0.714° | 45° | |
| 9 |
.jpg)
|
Crown Sydney | Sydney, Australia | 271.3 m (890 ft) | 75 | 2020 | 0.8° | 60° |
| 10 | Regent Emirates Pearl | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | 255 m (837 ft) | 52 | 2016 | 0.481° | 25° | |
| 11 | Ningbo Bank of China Headquarters | Ningbo, China | 246 m (807 ft) | 50 | 2016 | 1.2° | 60° | |
| 12 |
|
Evolution Tower | Moscow, Russia | 246 m (807 ft) | 55 | 2015 | 2.836° | 156° |
| 13 |
|
F&F Tower | Panama City, Panama | 243 m (797 ft) | 53 | 2011 | 5.943° | 315° |
| 14 |
|
Al Majdoul Tower | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 244.5 m (802 ft) | 54 | 2019 | 2.5° | 135° |
| 15 |
|
Capital Diamond Tower | New Administrative Capital, Egypt | 239 m (784 ft) | 62 | 2026 | 4° | 212° |
| 16 |
|
Azrieli Sarona Tower | Tel Aviv, Israel | 238.5 m (782 ft) | 61 | 2017 | ||
| 17 | Al Tijaria Tower | Kuwait City, Kuwait | 218 m (715 ft) | 41 | 2009 | 4.3° | 180° | |
| 18 |
|
Naza Tower 1 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 215.5 m (707 ft) | 50 | 2015 | ||
| 19 | SOCAR Tower | Baku, Azerbaijan | 209 m (686 ft) | 42 | 2016 | 1.2° | 40° | |
| 20 | Barcelona Tower | Tirana, Albania | 202 m (663 ft) | 50 | 2030 | 0.712° | 35.6° | |
| 21 | United Tower | Manama, Bahrain | 200 m (660 ft) | 47 | 2016 | 3.83° | 180° | |
| 22 | Al Bidda Tower | Doha, Qatar | 197 m (646 ft) | 44 | 2009 | 1.364° | 60° | |
| 23 |
|
Turning Torso | Malmö, Sweden | 190 m (620 ft) | 57 | 2005 | 1.579° | 90° |
| 24 |
|
Paradox Hotel Vancouver | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | 188 m (617 ft) | 63 | 2016 | 0.714° | 45° |
| 25 | Dance Of Light tower | Chongqing, China | 180 m (590 ft) | 39 | 2022 | 2.045° | 90° | |
| 26 |
|
Generali Tower (lo Storto) | Milan, Italy | 177 m (581 ft) | 44 | 2017 | 1.127° | 49.6° |
| 27 |
|
Absolute World (Building D) | Mississauga, Ontario, Canada | 176 m (577 ft) | 56 | 2012 | 3.732° | 209° |
| 28 |
|
Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers | Nagoya, Japan | 170 m (560 ft) | 38 | 2008 | 3° | 114° |
| 29 | Ministry of Taxes | Baku, Azerbaijan | 168 m (551 ft) | 32 | 2021 | 5° | 88° | |
| 30 |
|
Naza Tower 2 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 166 m (545 ft) | 38 | 2015 | ||
| 31 |
|
Absolute World (Building E) | Mississauga, Canada | 158 m (518 ft) | 50 | 2012 | 4° | 200° |
| 32 |
|
Baltimore Tower | London, United Kingdom | 149 m (489 ft) | 44 | 2017 | 2.182° | 96° |
| 33 | Axis Towers ( ka) | Tbilisi, Georgia (country) | 147 m (482 ft) | 37 | 2020 | |||
| 34 | CORE 31 "Cúspide" | Huixquilucan, México | 145 m (476 ft) | 38 | 2020 | 2.50° | 90° | |
| 35 |
|
Avaz Twist Tower | Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 142 m (466 ft) | 40 | 2008 | 2.8° | 90° |
| 36 |
|
The Point | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 137 m (449 ft) | 36 | 2014 | 5.833° | 210° |
| 37 | Sichuan Radio and Television Centre | Chengdu, China | 136 m (446 ft) | 31 | 2010 | 2.903° | 90° | |
| 38 | Ayia Napa Marina Towers | Ayia Napa, Cyprus | 118 m (388 ft) | 28 | 2020 | 3.2° | 90° | |
| 39 |
|
PwC Tower | Midrand, South Africa | 106 m (348 ft) | 26 | 2018 | 1.154° | 30° |
| 40 | Xiamen Suiwa Tower | Xiamen, China | 100 m (330 ft) | 22 | TBA | 4.091° | 90° | |
| 41 |
|
Grove at Grand Bay (north tower) | Miami, United States | 94 m (308 ft) | 21 | 2016 | 1.843° | 38.7° |
| Grove at Grand Bay (south tower) | ||||||||
| 42 |
|
Tao Zhu Yin Yuan | Taipei, Taiwan | 93 m (305 ft) | 21 | 2018 | 4.286° | 90° |
| 43 | Avian Tower | Surabaya, Indonesia | 84 m (276 ft) | 20 | 2018 | 3° | 60° |
See also
References
- ^ Frearson, Amy (22 August 2016). "World's tallest twisted towers revealed". Dezeen. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ McCafferty, Georgia (25 August 2016). "The world's tallest spiraled skyscrapers". CNN. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ a b c "Twisting Tall Buildings". CTBUH. August 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ Varinsky, Dana (13 September 2016). "11 of the most stunning twisted towers around the world". Business Insider. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Buildings can appear to be twisted by design, where the twisting ( torsion, helix, etc.) is structural rather than merely an ornamental detail. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat defines a twisting building as one that progressively rotates its floor plates or its façade as it gains height. [1] There are 41 spiraled skyscrapers, and 4 more are under construction. [2]
Turning Torso, in Malmö, Sweden is regarded as the first twisted tower or building. [3] It was designed by Santiago Calatrava and was completed in 2005. [4] When completed, Diamond Tower will be the only building to twist a full 360 degrees along its height. F&F Tower, in Panama City, holds the record for the tightest twist, that is, the highest average rotation per floor, at 5.943 degrees across each of its 53 floors; and as of 2017, it is the completed building with the highest total rotation, with 315 degrees. [3]
List of tallest twisted buildings
The following list includes completed or topped-out buildings sorted by height. [3] Buildings under construction are shaded in grey.
| Rank | Image | Name | City | Height in m (ft) | Floor count | Completion year | Average floor rotation | Total rotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
|
Shanghai Tower | Shanghai, China | 632 m (2,073 ft) | 128 | 2015 | 0.938° | 120° |
| 2 |
|
Lakhta Center | Saint Petersburg, Russia | 462 m (1,516 ft) | 87 | 2019 | 1.047° | 90° |
| 3 |
|
Burj Almasa | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | 432 m (1,417 ft) | 93 | 2027 | 3.871° | 360° |
| 4 |
|
Telekom Tower | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 310 m (1,020 ft) | 55 | 2001 | ||
| 5 |
|
Ocean Heights | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 310 m (1,020 ft) | 83 | 2010 | 0.482° | 40° |
| 6 |
|
Cayan Tower | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 306 m (1,004 ft) | 73 | 2013 | 1.233° | 90° |
| 7 |
|
Supernova Spira | Noida, India | 300 m (980 ft) | 80 | 2021 | 1.825° | 146° |
| 8 | Shimao Qianhai Center | Shenzhen, China | 294.3 m (966 ft) | 63 | 2020 | 0.714° | 45° | |
| 9 |
|
Crown Sydney | Sydney, Australia | 271.3 m (890 ft) | 75 | 2020 | 0.8° | 60° |
| 10 | Regent Emirates Pearl | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | 255 m (837 ft) | 52 | 2016 | 0.481° | 25° | |
| 11 | Ningbo Bank of China Headquarters | Ningbo, China | 246 m (807 ft) | 50 | 2016 | 1.2° | 60° | |
| 12 |
|
Evolution Tower | Moscow, Russia | 246 m (807 ft) | 55 | 2015 | 2.836° | 156° |
| 13 |
|
F&F Tower | Panama City, Panama | 243 m (797 ft) | 53 | 2011 | 5.943° | 315° |
| 14 |
|
Al Majdoul Tower | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 244.5 m (802 ft) | 54 | 2019 | 2.5° | 135° |
| 15 |
|
Capital Diamond Tower | New Administrative Capital, Egypt | 239 m (784 ft) | 62 | 2026 | 4° | 212° |
| 16 |
|
Azrieli Sarona Tower | Tel Aviv, Israel | 238.5 m (782 ft) | 61 | 2017 | ||
| 17 | Al Tijaria Tower | Kuwait City, Kuwait | 218 m (715 ft) | 41 | 2009 | 4.3° | 180° | |
| 18 |
|
Naza Tower 1 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 215.5 m (707 ft) | 50 | 2015 | ||
| 19 | SOCAR Tower | Baku, Azerbaijan | 209 m (686 ft) | 42 | 2016 | 1.2° | 40° | |
| 20 | Barcelona Tower | Tirana, Albania | 202 m (663 ft) | 50 | 2030 | 0.712° | 35.6° | |
| 21 | United Tower | Manama, Bahrain | 200 m (660 ft) | 47 | 2016 | 3.83° | 180° | |
| 22 | Al Bidda Tower | Doha, Qatar | 197 m (646 ft) | 44 | 2009 | 1.364° | 60° | |
| 23 |
|
Turning Torso | Malmö, Sweden | 190 m (620 ft) | 57 | 2005 | 1.579° | 90° |
| 24 |
|
Paradox Hotel Vancouver | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | 188 m (617 ft) | 63 | 2016 | 0.714° | 45° |
| 25 | Dance Of Light tower | Chongqing, China | 180 m (590 ft) | 39 | 2022 | 2.045° | 90° | |
| 26 |
|
Generali Tower (lo Storto) | Milan, Italy | 177 m (581 ft) | 44 | 2017 | 1.127° | 49.6° |
| 27 |
|
Absolute World (Building D) | Mississauga, Ontario, Canada | 176 m (577 ft) | 56 | 2012 | 3.732° | 209° |
| 28 |
|
Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers | Nagoya, Japan | 170 m (560 ft) | 38 | 2008 | 3° | 114° |
| 29 | Ministry of Taxes | Baku, Azerbaijan | 168 m (551 ft) | 32 | 2021 | 5° | 88° | |
| 30 |
|
Naza Tower 2 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 166 m (545 ft) | 38 | 2015 | ||
| 31 |
|
Absolute World (Building E) | Mississauga, Canada | 158 m (518 ft) | 50 | 2012 | 4° | 200° |
| 32 |
|
Baltimore Tower | London, United Kingdom | 149 m (489 ft) | 44 | 2017 | 2.182° | 96° |
| 33 | Axis Towers ( ka) | Tbilisi, Georgia (country) | 147 m (482 ft) | 37 | 2020 | |||
| 34 | CORE 31 "Cúspide" | Huixquilucan, México | 145 m (476 ft) | 38 | 2020 | 2.50° | 90° | |
| 35 |
|
Avaz Twist Tower | Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 142 m (466 ft) | 40 | 2008 | 2.8° | 90° |
| 36 |
|
The Point | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 137 m (449 ft) | 36 | 2014 | 5.833° | 210° |
| 37 | Sichuan Radio and Television Centre | Chengdu, China | 136 m (446 ft) | 31 | 2010 | 2.903° | 90° | |
| 38 | Ayia Napa Marina Towers | Ayia Napa, Cyprus | 118 m (388 ft) | 28 | 2020 | 3.2° | 90° | |
| 39 |
|
PwC Tower | Midrand, South Africa | 106 m (348 ft) | 26 | 2018 | 1.154° | 30° |
| 40 | Xiamen Suiwa Tower | Xiamen, China | 100 m (330 ft) | 22 | TBA | 4.091° | 90° | |
| 41 |
|
Grove at Grand Bay (north tower) | Miami, United States | 94 m (308 ft) | 21 | 2016 | 1.843° | 38.7° |
| Grove at Grand Bay (south tower) | ||||||||
| 42 |
|
Tao Zhu Yin Yuan | Taipei, Taiwan | 93 m (305 ft) | 21 | 2018 | 4.286° | 90° |
| 43 | Avian Tower | Surabaya, Indonesia | 84 m (276 ft) | 20 | 2018 | 3° | 60° |
See also
References
- ^ Frearson, Amy (22 August 2016). "World's tallest twisted towers revealed". Dezeen. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ McCafferty, Georgia (25 August 2016). "The world's tallest spiraled skyscrapers". CNN. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ a b c "Twisting Tall Buildings". CTBUH. August 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ Varinsky, Dana (13 September 2016). "11 of the most stunning twisted towers around the world". Business Insider. Retrieved 5 February 2017.