Living organisms are known by
scientific names. These
binomial names can vary greatly in length, and some can be very short; genus or species names composed of only one letter are not allowed by any of the
nomenclature codes, but any combination of two letters and above can be valid if it has not been previously used. This list of shortest species names lists the scientific binomials with the fewest letters.[1] The longest scientific species names can be found in the
List of long species names.
4 letters
Ia ioThomas, 1902 – Family
Vespertilionidae. The
great evening bat is the largest vespertilionid bat, reaching a wingspan of just over half a metre. It occurs in
tropicalAsia where it lives in
limestonecaves. Apart from being the shortest scientific name of a living organism (and one of the shortest possible, since anything below 4 letters would not be allowed), it also has the peculiarity of being composed only of
vowels. The specific name probably refers to
Io, a woman of
classical mythology, viewed as "
flighty;" and the genus Ia (ἰά) is a Greek term for a shout.[2][3][4][5]
†Yi qiXuet al., 2015 – Family
Scansoriopterygidae. This was a
Jurassictheropod dinosaur that had an elongated finger which supported a
patagium, akin to those of
bats, which enabled the animal to glide between trees. The name is derived from
Mandarin Chinese (
翼 yì and
奇 qí, pronounced "ee chee"), meaning "strange wing".[6]
Foa foD. S. Jordan &
Seale, 1905 - family
Apogonidae. Known as weedy cardinalfish, this is a marine fish species of
Indo-Pacific distribution, the type locality being the
Philippines. Both the genus and species name derive from the word fo,
Samoan for "cardinalfish".[9]
Doto eo Ortea & Moro, 2014 - family
Dotidae. A
sea slug from the
Canary Islands,
Spain. Its specific epither derives "from the Latin eo, to move from one place to another, alluding to the pot warp on which it was collected, an unstable environment that facilitates the passive movement of the species."[14]
Gea effLevi, 1983 – family
Araneidae. An
orb-weaver spider from
New Guinea. It was given its unusual specific name because, even after it was identified as a distinct species, it remained for years without a proper description and was referred to in several papers simply as Argiope "F".[16]
Loa loa(
Cobbold, 1864) – family
Onchocercidae. A
filarialnematode (roundworm) that causes a disease called
Loa loa filariasis or loiasis, one of the so-called
neglected diseases.[17] It is commonly known as the "African eye worm", as it localizes to the
conjunctiva of the eye. It mainly inhabits rain forests in West Africa and has native origins in Ethiopia.[18] It was originally described as Dracunculus loa, "loa" being the native word for this worm in the
Congo and
Gabon, and later transferred to newly created genus Loa.[19]
Tor tor(
Hamilton, 1822) – family
Cyprinidae. The Tor mahseer of red-finned mahseer is a commercially important freshwater fish found in streams all over
South Asia. It was originally described as Cyprinus tor; its species name derives from tora, a local name in the
Ganges basin for mahseers. Subsequently, it was transferred to newly created genus Tor.[30][31]
Betta piTan, 1998 - family
Osphronemidae. A species of
fighting fish found in well-shaded peat forest blackwater swamps and creeks in
Thailand and
Malaysia. The specific epithet comes from the Greek letter
pi, as an allusion to the shape of its throat marking.[39]
Cis aferFåhræus, 1871, Cis fagiWaltl, 1839 and Cis leoiLopes-Andrade, Gumier-Costa & Zacaro, 2003 - family
Ciidae. Cis is a genus of
minute tree-fungus beetles found all over the world. Cis afer, from
South Africa (afer is Latin for "African"), is only known from the type specimens and no other record of it exists.[41][42] In the case of Cis fagi, from
Europe, its specific epithet alludes to its affinity to
beech trees (genus Fagus), though it also occurs in many other types of trees, such as
aspens,
birches,
oaks,
willows, etc.[43][44]Cis leoi, from
Brazil, is dedicated to Léo Falqueto Vaz-de-Mello, the then-recently born son of a couple of colleagues of the scientists that described it.[45]
Doto kyaEr. Marcus, 1961 and Doto uvaEr. Marcus, 1955 - family
Dotidae. Two
sea slugs, the first from the North American Pacific coast, the second found in
Ilhabela,
Brazil. The epithet kya derives from a folklore name for a
seal; uva,
Latin for "grape", probably refers to the characteristic
cerata of genus Doto, which resemble bunches of grapes.[48][49]
Eois ewaMoraes & Stanton, 2021, Eois opsDruce, 1892 and Eois oyaMoraes & Montebello, 2021 - family
Geometridae. Three species of the large genus Eois of geometer moths, all from the
Neotropical region. E. ops, from
Mexico, is named after the Roman goddess of fertility,
Ops.[50]E. ewa and E. oya are both from
Brazil, and named after female
Yoruba deities or
orishas:
Yewa, who represents the gift of divination and intuition, as well as mutations, transformations and the perception of what is beautiful and what is ugly; and
Ọya, who commands the winds, lightning and storms. These epithets were given as a tribute to women and to Brazilian black culture.[51]
†Han solo Turvey, 2005 - family
Diplagnostidae. A fossil
trilobite from the
Ordovician of China. According to the original publication, the generic name Han is a reference to the
Han Chinese, the largest ethnic group in China; and the specific epithet solo refers to the fact that the species is the youngest Diplagnostidae fossil found to that date, suggesting that it was the last surviving member of that family. However, Samuel Turvey has stated elsewhere that he named it after
Han Solo because some friends dared him to name a species after a
Star Wars character.[54][55]
Ips pini (
Say, 1826) - family
Curculionidae. The common pine engraver, a North American species of typical
bark beetle. Originally described as Bostrichus pini and subsequently transferred to genus Ips.
Lon azin (
Godman, 1900) - family
Hesperiidae. A
skipper butterfly from
Colombia. Originally assigned the name Phycanassa azin, with no explanation of the specific epithet. Subsequently, it was transferred to genus Lon, which was formed from the last syllable of the type species name (Lon zabulon).[57][58]
Mini mum Scherz et al., 2019 - family
Microhylidae. The type species of the genus Mini, which are extremely small (8–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in)) frogs endemic to
Madagascar, among the smallest vertebrates known to science.
Pison eu Menke, 1988 - family
Crabronidae. Pison is an old and well-studied genus of wasps, created in the early 19th century and containing over 150 species. Arnold Menke (who also named Aha ha) named many of them in a 1988
taxonomic revision. The stated etymology is that "The name eu, treated as a noun in apposition, is based on the Greek prefix meaning 'true' or 'good', a reference to the fact that the species is valid”;[66] however, it is believed that in this case he again was engaging in some jocular wordplay (its pronunciation would be similar to "piss on you").
Poa altaHitchc., Poa anae Tovar, Poa cita Edgar, Poa maia Edgar and Poa orba N.G.Walsh - family
Poaceae. Another five species of grass of the genus Poa. The specific epithet alta,
Latin for "tall", refers to this species being "unusually tall, with elongate blades."[67]Poa anae is named after botanist
Ana Crespo.[68] The epithet cita, Latin for "quick, swift", refers to the rapid growth of this species, known as silver tussock or wī. Poa maia is named after
Maia, one of the stars in the
Pleiades. The epithet of Poa orba derives from orbus, Latin for "orphan", and "alludes to its long rejection as an indigenous plant by [local] botanists, and also to its unclear phylogenetic relationship to other native Poa species."[69][70]
Tor aterRoberts, 1999 - family
Cyprinidae. Another species in the aforementioned genus of freshwater fish Tor. Ater means "dark" in Latin and refers to the dark coloration of this mahseer, which is found in
Laos.[71]
Ytu zeus Reichardt, 1973 - family
Torridincolidae. A Brazilian
beetle, the type species of genus Ytu (
Guaraní for "cascade, waterfall"), and one of many in this genus named after
ancient Greek deities; as type species, it takes the name of
Zeus, king of the gods of Olympus.[72]
Zea mays L. - family
Poaceae. This is the scientific name of maize, i.e. corn. Generic name Zea is derived from the Greek name (ζειά) for another cereal grain (possibly
spelt); the specific epithet derives from the indigenous
Taíno word for the plant, mahiz.
Notes
^However, "πιεζοσ" is not a Greek word; this must be the result of a misreading. The Ancient Greek verb is πιέζω.
^Menke, Arnold S. (1977). "Aha, a new genus of Australian Sphecidae, and revised key to the world genera of the tribe Miscophini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae)". Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. 47: 671–681.
ISSN0032-3780.
OCLC457011738.
^Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried; Mordmüller, Benjamin (April 2014). "Loa loa—does it deserve to be neglected?". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 14 (4): 353–357.
doi:
10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70263-9.
PMID24332895.
^Thomson, MC; Obsomer, V; Dunne, M; Connor, SJ; Molyneux, DH (2000). "Satellite mapping of Loa loa prevalence in relation to ivermectin use in west and central Africa". The Lancet. 356 (9235): 1077–1078.
doi:
10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02733-1.
PMID11009145.
S2CID11743223.
^Cobbold, T. S. (1864). Entozoa, an introduction to the study of helminthology, with reference more particularly to the internal parasites of man. London: Groombridge and Sons.
doi:10.5962/bhl.title.46771.
^Walsh, N.G.; Weiller, C.M.; Thompson, I.R. (2009). "Poa". In Wilson, A. (ed.). Flora of Australia. Vol. 44A. Poaceae 2. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. pp. 1–410.
ISBN978-0-643-09629-5.
^Clayton, W. D. (1985). "Miscellaneous notes on Pooid grasses". Kew Bull. 40 (4): 727–729.
doi:
10.2307/4109854.
JSTOR4109854.
^Hamilton, F. (1822). An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edinburgh & London: Archibald Constable and company & Hurst, Robinson & Co. pp. 1–405.
doi:10.5962/bhl.title.59540 – via BHL.
^Gray, J. E. (1834). Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. Vol. 2. London: Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel, Jun. and Richter.
doi:10.5962/bhl.title.95127 – via BHL.
^Erwin, Terry L. (2000). "Arboreal Beetles of Neotropical Forests: Agra Fabricius, a Taxonomic Supplement for the Platyscelis Group with New Species and Distribution Records (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Lebiini, Agrina)". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 54 (1): 90–119.
doi:
10.1649/0010-065X(2000)054[0090:ABONFA]2.0.CO;2.
JSTOR4009478.
S2CID86216922.
^Lücking, R.; Forno, M. D.; Moncada, B.; Coca, L. F.; Vargas-Mendoza, L. Y.;
Aptroot, A.; et al. (2016). "Turbo-taxonomy to assemble a megadiverse lichen genus: seventy new species of Cora (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), honouring David Leslie Hawksworth's seventieth birthday". Fungal Diversity. 84 (1): 139–207.
doi:
10.1007/s13225-016-0374-9.
S2CID27732638.
^Samuel T. Turvey (2005). "Agnostid trilobites from the Arenig–Llanvirn of South China". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 95 (3–4): 527–542.
doi:
10.1017/S026359330000119X.
S2CID130775617.
^Avdeev, G. V.; Kazatchenko, V. N. (1986). "Parasitic Copepods from Fishes of the Genus Lophiomus Gill in the Pacific". Crustaceana. 50 (1): 53–67.
doi:
10.1163/156854085X00071.
JSTOR20104122.
^Cong, Qian; Zhang, Jing; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick V. (11 October 2019).
"Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)". Insecta Mundi. 0731: 1–56.
Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
^Jarzembowski, E. A.; Wang, B.; Zheng, D. (March 2017). "A new ommatin beetle (Insecta: Coleoptera) with unusual genitalia from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber: Ommatin beetle Burmese amber". Cretaceous Research. 71: 113–117.
doi:
10.1016/j.cretres.2016.10.010.
ISSN0195-6671.
^Roberts, T.R. (1998). "Freshwater fugu or pufferfishes of the genus Tetraodon from the Mekong basin, with descriptions of two new species". Ichthyological Research. 45 (3): 225–234.
doi:
10.1007/BF02673920.
S2CID42337903.
^Evenhuis, N. L. (2002). "Pieza, a new genus of microbombyliids from the New World (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae)". Zootaxa. 36 (1): 1–28.
doi:
10.11646/zootaxa.36.1.1.
^Menke, Arnold S. (1988). "Pison in the New World: a revision (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Trypoxylini)". Contributions of the American Entomological Institute. 24 (3): 1–171.
ASINB000721IBQ.
ISSN0569-4450.
OCLC715120981.
Living organisms are known by
scientific names. These
binomial names can vary greatly in length, and some can be very short; genus or species names composed of only one letter are not allowed by any of the
nomenclature codes, but any combination of two letters and above can be valid if it has not been previously used. This list of shortest species names lists the scientific binomials with the fewest letters.[1] The longest scientific species names can be found in the
List of long species names.
4 letters
Ia ioThomas, 1902 – Family
Vespertilionidae. The
great evening bat is the largest vespertilionid bat, reaching a wingspan of just over half a metre. It occurs in
tropicalAsia where it lives in
limestonecaves. Apart from being the shortest scientific name of a living organism (and one of the shortest possible, since anything below 4 letters would not be allowed), it also has the peculiarity of being composed only of
vowels. The specific name probably refers to
Io, a woman of
classical mythology, viewed as "
flighty;" and the genus Ia (ἰά) is a Greek term for a shout.[2][3][4][5]
†Yi qiXuet al., 2015 – Family
Scansoriopterygidae. This was a
Jurassictheropod dinosaur that had an elongated finger which supported a
patagium, akin to those of
bats, which enabled the animal to glide between trees. The name is derived from
Mandarin Chinese (
翼 yì and
奇 qí, pronounced "ee chee"), meaning "strange wing".[6]
Foa foD. S. Jordan &
Seale, 1905 - family
Apogonidae. Known as weedy cardinalfish, this is a marine fish species of
Indo-Pacific distribution, the type locality being the
Philippines. Both the genus and species name derive from the word fo,
Samoan for "cardinalfish".[9]
Doto eo Ortea & Moro, 2014 - family
Dotidae. A
sea slug from the
Canary Islands,
Spain. Its specific epither derives "from the Latin eo, to move from one place to another, alluding to the pot warp on which it was collected, an unstable environment that facilitates the passive movement of the species."[14]
Gea effLevi, 1983 – family
Araneidae. An
orb-weaver spider from
New Guinea. It was given its unusual specific name because, even after it was identified as a distinct species, it remained for years without a proper description and was referred to in several papers simply as Argiope "F".[16]
Loa loa(
Cobbold, 1864) – family
Onchocercidae. A
filarialnematode (roundworm) that causes a disease called
Loa loa filariasis or loiasis, one of the so-called
neglected diseases.[17] It is commonly known as the "African eye worm", as it localizes to the
conjunctiva of the eye. It mainly inhabits rain forests in West Africa and has native origins in Ethiopia.[18] It was originally described as Dracunculus loa, "loa" being the native word for this worm in the
Congo and
Gabon, and later transferred to newly created genus Loa.[19]
Tor tor(
Hamilton, 1822) – family
Cyprinidae. The Tor mahseer of red-finned mahseer is a commercially important freshwater fish found in streams all over
South Asia. It was originally described as Cyprinus tor; its species name derives from tora, a local name in the
Ganges basin for mahseers. Subsequently, it was transferred to newly created genus Tor.[30][31]
Betta piTan, 1998 - family
Osphronemidae. A species of
fighting fish found in well-shaded peat forest blackwater swamps and creeks in
Thailand and
Malaysia. The specific epithet comes from the Greek letter
pi, as an allusion to the shape of its throat marking.[39]
Cis aferFåhræus, 1871, Cis fagiWaltl, 1839 and Cis leoiLopes-Andrade, Gumier-Costa & Zacaro, 2003 - family
Ciidae. Cis is a genus of
minute tree-fungus beetles found all over the world. Cis afer, from
South Africa (afer is Latin for "African"), is only known from the type specimens and no other record of it exists.[41][42] In the case of Cis fagi, from
Europe, its specific epithet alludes to its affinity to
beech trees (genus Fagus), though it also occurs in many other types of trees, such as
aspens,
birches,
oaks,
willows, etc.[43][44]Cis leoi, from
Brazil, is dedicated to Léo Falqueto Vaz-de-Mello, the then-recently born son of a couple of colleagues of the scientists that described it.[45]
Doto kyaEr. Marcus, 1961 and Doto uvaEr. Marcus, 1955 - family
Dotidae. Two
sea slugs, the first from the North American Pacific coast, the second found in
Ilhabela,
Brazil. The epithet kya derives from a folklore name for a
seal; uva,
Latin for "grape", probably refers to the characteristic
cerata of genus Doto, which resemble bunches of grapes.[48][49]
Eois ewaMoraes & Stanton, 2021, Eois opsDruce, 1892 and Eois oyaMoraes & Montebello, 2021 - family
Geometridae. Three species of the large genus Eois of geometer moths, all from the
Neotropical region. E. ops, from
Mexico, is named after the Roman goddess of fertility,
Ops.[50]E. ewa and E. oya are both from
Brazil, and named after female
Yoruba deities or
orishas:
Yewa, who represents the gift of divination and intuition, as well as mutations, transformations and the perception of what is beautiful and what is ugly; and
Ọya, who commands the winds, lightning and storms. These epithets were given as a tribute to women and to Brazilian black culture.[51]
†Han solo Turvey, 2005 - family
Diplagnostidae. A fossil
trilobite from the
Ordovician of China. According to the original publication, the generic name Han is a reference to the
Han Chinese, the largest ethnic group in China; and the specific epithet solo refers to the fact that the species is the youngest Diplagnostidae fossil found to that date, suggesting that it was the last surviving member of that family. However, Samuel Turvey has stated elsewhere that he named it after
Han Solo because some friends dared him to name a species after a
Star Wars character.[54][55]
Ips pini (
Say, 1826) - family
Curculionidae. The common pine engraver, a North American species of typical
bark beetle. Originally described as Bostrichus pini and subsequently transferred to genus Ips.
Lon azin (
Godman, 1900) - family
Hesperiidae. A
skipper butterfly from
Colombia. Originally assigned the name Phycanassa azin, with no explanation of the specific epithet. Subsequently, it was transferred to genus Lon, which was formed from the last syllable of the type species name (Lon zabulon).[57][58]
Mini mum Scherz et al., 2019 - family
Microhylidae. The type species of the genus Mini, which are extremely small (8–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in)) frogs endemic to
Madagascar, among the smallest vertebrates known to science.
Pison eu Menke, 1988 - family
Crabronidae. Pison is an old and well-studied genus of wasps, created in the early 19th century and containing over 150 species. Arnold Menke (who also named Aha ha) named many of them in a 1988
taxonomic revision. The stated etymology is that "The name eu, treated as a noun in apposition, is based on the Greek prefix meaning 'true' or 'good', a reference to the fact that the species is valid”;[66] however, it is believed that in this case he again was engaging in some jocular wordplay (its pronunciation would be similar to "piss on you").
Poa altaHitchc., Poa anae Tovar, Poa cita Edgar, Poa maia Edgar and Poa orba N.G.Walsh - family
Poaceae. Another five species of grass of the genus Poa. The specific epithet alta,
Latin for "tall", refers to this species being "unusually tall, with elongate blades."[67]Poa anae is named after botanist
Ana Crespo.[68] The epithet cita, Latin for "quick, swift", refers to the rapid growth of this species, known as silver tussock or wī. Poa maia is named after
Maia, one of the stars in the
Pleiades. The epithet of Poa orba derives from orbus, Latin for "orphan", and "alludes to its long rejection as an indigenous plant by [local] botanists, and also to its unclear phylogenetic relationship to other native Poa species."[69][70]
Tor aterRoberts, 1999 - family
Cyprinidae. Another species in the aforementioned genus of freshwater fish Tor. Ater means "dark" in Latin and refers to the dark coloration of this mahseer, which is found in
Laos.[71]
Ytu zeus Reichardt, 1973 - family
Torridincolidae. A Brazilian
beetle, the type species of genus Ytu (
Guaraní for "cascade, waterfall"), and one of many in this genus named after
ancient Greek deities; as type species, it takes the name of
Zeus, king of the gods of Olympus.[72]
Zea mays L. - family
Poaceae. This is the scientific name of maize, i.e. corn. Generic name Zea is derived from the Greek name (ζειά) for another cereal grain (possibly
spelt); the specific epithet derives from the indigenous
Taíno word for the plant, mahiz.
Notes
^However, "πιεζοσ" is not a Greek word; this must be the result of a misreading. The Ancient Greek verb is πιέζω.
^Menke, Arnold S. (1977). "Aha, a new genus of Australian Sphecidae, and revised key to the world genera of the tribe Miscophini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae)". Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. 47: 671–681.
ISSN0032-3780.
OCLC457011738.
^Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried; Mordmüller, Benjamin (April 2014). "Loa loa—does it deserve to be neglected?". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 14 (4): 353–357.
doi:
10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70263-9.
PMID24332895.
^Thomson, MC; Obsomer, V; Dunne, M; Connor, SJ; Molyneux, DH (2000). "Satellite mapping of Loa loa prevalence in relation to ivermectin use in west and central Africa". The Lancet. 356 (9235): 1077–1078.
doi:
10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02733-1.
PMID11009145.
S2CID11743223.
^Cobbold, T. S. (1864). Entozoa, an introduction to the study of helminthology, with reference more particularly to the internal parasites of man. London: Groombridge and Sons.
doi:10.5962/bhl.title.46771.
^Walsh, N.G.; Weiller, C.M.; Thompson, I.R. (2009). "Poa". In Wilson, A. (ed.). Flora of Australia. Vol. 44A. Poaceae 2. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. pp. 1–410.
ISBN978-0-643-09629-5.
^Clayton, W. D. (1985). "Miscellaneous notes on Pooid grasses". Kew Bull. 40 (4): 727–729.
doi:
10.2307/4109854.
JSTOR4109854.
^Hamilton, F. (1822). An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edinburgh & London: Archibald Constable and company & Hurst, Robinson & Co. pp. 1–405.
doi:10.5962/bhl.title.59540 – via BHL.
^Gray, J. E. (1834). Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. Vol. 2. London: Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel, Jun. and Richter.
doi:10.5962/bhl.title.95127 – via BHL.
^Erwin, Terry L. (2000). "Arboreal Beetles of Neotropical Forests: Agra Fabricius, a Taxonomic Supplement for the Platyscelis Group with New Species and Distribution Records (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Lebiini, Agrina)". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 54 (1): 90–119.
doi:
10.1649/0010-065X(2000)054[0090:ABONFA]2.0.CO;2.
JSTOR4009478.
S2CID86216922.
^Lücking, R.; Forno, M. D.; Moncada, B.; Coca, L. F.; Vargas-Mendoza, L. Y.;
Aptroot, A.; et al. (2016). "Turbo-taxonomy to assemble a megadiverse lichen genus: seventy new species of Cora (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), honouring David Leslie Hawksworth's seventieth birthday". Fungal Diversity. 84 (1): 139–207.
doi:
10.1007/s13225-016-0374-9.
S2CID27732638.
^Samuel T. Turvey (2005). "Agnostid trilobites from the Arenig–Llanvirn of South China". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 95 (3–4): 527–542.
doi:
10.1017/S026359330000119X.
S2CID130775617.
^Avdeev, G. V.; Kazatchenko, V. N. (1986). "Parasitic Copepods from Fishes of the Genus Lophiomus Gill in the Pacific". Crustaceana. 50 (1): 53–67.
doi:
10.1163/156854085X00071.
JSTOR20104122.
^Cong, Qian; Zhang, Jing; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick V. (11 October 2019).
"Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)". Insecta Mundi. 0731: 1–56.
Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
^Jarzembowski, E. A.; Wang, B.; Zheng, D. (March 2017). "A new ommatin beetle (Insecta: Coleoptera) with unusual genitalia from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber: Ommatin beetle Burmese amber". Cretaceous Research. 71: 113–117.
doi:
10.1016/j.cretres.2016.10.010.
ISSN0195-6671.
^Roberts, T.R. (1998). "Freshwater fugu or pufferfishes of the genus Tetraodon from the Mekong basin, with descriptions of two new species". Ichthyological Research. 45 (3): 225–234.
doi:
10.1007/BF02673920.
S2CID42337903.
^Evenhuis, N. L. (2002). "Pieza, a new genus of microbombyliids from the New World (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae)". Zootaxa. 36 (1): 1–28.
doi:
10.11646/zootaxa.36.1.1.
^Menke, Arnold S. (1988). "Pison in the New World: a revision (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Trypoxylini)". Contributions of the American Entomological Institute. 24 (3): 1–171.
ASINB000721IBQ.
ISSN0569-4450.
OCLC715120981.