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The following is a list of political parties in the Soviet Union:

Russia / All-Union

• Communist Party of the Soviet Union (established in January 1912, dissolved in August 1991)
  • Left Opposition (1923–1927)
  • Workers' Truth (1921–1923)
  • Workers' Group (1923–1930)
  • Right Opposition (1924–1933)
  • United Opposition (1926–1927)
  • Left-Right Bloc (1930)
  • Union of Marxist-Leninists (1932)
  • Bloc of Soviet Oppositions (1932–1933)
  • Anti-Party Group (1957)
  • Soyuz (1990–1991)
  • Bolshevik Platform (1991)
  • State Committee on the State of Emergency (1991)

Underground

• True Communists (1940)
• Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks) (established in 1960s)
• All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People (1964–1967)
• Left School (established in Winter 1972–1973, dissolved in January 1977)
• Party of New Communists (established in Winter 1972–1973, dissolved in January 1977)
• Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet Union (established in September 1974, dissolved in January 1985)

Legal

• Democratic Union (established in March 1988, the first openly proclaimed opposition party in the Soviet Union)
• Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union (established in March 1989, dissolved in April 1991)
• Socialist Party [ ru] (established in June 1990, dissolved in January-February 1992)

Pro-independence parties in Union Republics (nationalists)

• Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (1966–1987, Ukraine)
• National United Party (1966–1987, Armenia)
  • Union for National Self-Determination (1987)

See also

• List of political parties in Russia
• Political parties of Russia in 1917