1889–1890 –
Italy establishes its first two colonies, the colony of
Eritrea in 1889 and the colony of
Italian Somaliland, which is created in 1889 and quickly expands until 1890.
1894 –
Dahomey (now named
Benin) is annexed by France as a colony.
1902, June 7 – China cedes 0.46 km2 of land in the city of
Tianjin to
Italy. This was one of a significant number of territorial concessions to a number of countries in the city of Tianjin for trade and political purposes.
1815 –
Congress of Vienna: With the defeat of
Napoleon in 1814, Europe is substantially reorganised, with
France losing large amounts of territory and the reorganisation of the
German states.
1871 – The North German Federation and the South German states, with the exception of the
Austrian Empire, join together to form the
German Empire, the state that is considered the beginning of modern-day
Germany.
Alsace–Lorraine is ceded by
France to
Germany.
1836, March 2 – The
Republic of Texas is declared after it separates from
Mexico, but its western territory remains disputed with Mexico.
1845, December 29 –
Texas is
annexed by the United States.
1846, June 18 – The
Oregon Treaty ends the sharing of the
Oregon Country, with the territory north of the
49th parallel going to
British Columbia and the territory south of the 49th parallel becoming an unorganised territory of the United States.
1853, December 30 – The
Gadsden Purchase gives territory from Mexico to the United States, establishing the present-day border with Mexico.
1861–1865 – The
American Civil War happens. After the
Confederate States of America (CSA) is founded in February of the year, war breaks out in April between the Unionists and the Confederates of the CSA, as well as rebel CSA-supporting governments in some southern states. The war ended with the CSA being defeated and annexed by the United States.
1880, September 1 – The United Kingdom cedes its remaining
Arctic Islands to Canada.
1903, October 20 – The
Hay-Herbert Treaty is signed by Britain and the United States, which settles the
Alaska boundary dispute between Canada and the United States, which gives the United States more territory.
Oceania
1857 –
Baker Island is annexed by the United States.
1860, February 8 –
Kingman Reef is informally taken by the United States (it would not be formally annexed until May 10, 1922).
1867, August 28 –
Midway Atoll is annexed by the United States.
1856, September 28 –
Howland Island is annexed by the United States.
1858 – The modern-day Cook Islands unite to form the
Kingdom of Rarotonga. February 27 –
Jarvis Island is annexed by the United States.
1899–1900 – The breakaway state of the Republic of Acre is formed after
Acre (state) separates from Bolivia and is annexed by Brazil three years later.
^Manning, Patrick (1990). Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades. London: Cambridge University Press.
^Lovejoy, Paul E. (2012). Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. London: Cambridge University Press.
^Martin Klein, "Slave Descent and Social Status in Sahara and Sudan", in Reconfiguring Slavery: West African Trajectories, ed. Benedetta Rossi (Liverpool:
Liverpool University Press, 2009), 29.
1889–1890 –
Italy establishes its first two colonies, the colony of
Eritrea in 1889 and the colony of
Italian Somaliland, which is created in 1889 and quickly expands until 1890.
1894 –
Dahomey (now named
Benin) is annexed by France as a colony.
1902, June 7 – China cedes 0.46 km2 of land in the city of
Tianjin to
Italy. This was one of a significant number of territorial concessions to a number of countries in the city of Tianjin for trade and political purposes.
1815 –
Congress of Vienna: With the defeat of
Napoleon in 1814, Europe is substantially reorganised, with
France losing large amounts of territory and the reorganisation of the
German states.
1871 – The North German Federation and the South German states, with the exception of the
Austrian Empire, join together to form the
German Empire, the state that is considered the beginning of modern-day
Germany.
Alsace–Lorraine is ceded by
France to
Germany.
1836, March 2 – The
Republic of Texas is declared after it separates from
Mexico, but its western territory remains disputed with Mexico.
1845, December 29 –
Texas is
annexed by the United States.
1846, June 18 – The
Oregon Treaty ends the sharing of the
Oregon Country, with the territory north of the
49th parallel going to
British Columbia and the territory south of the 49th parallel becoming an unorganised territory of the United States.
1853, December 30 – The
Gadsden Purchase gives territory from Mexico to the United States, establishing the present-day border with Mexico.
1861–1865 – The
American Civil War happens. After the
Confederate States of America (CSA) is founded in February of the year, war breaks out in April between the Unionists and the Confederates of the CSA, as well as rebel CSA-supporting governments in some southern states. The war ended with the CSA being defeated and annexed by the United States.
1880, September 1 – The United Kingdom cedes its remaining
Arctic Islands to Canada.
1903, October 20 – The
Hay-Herbert Treaty is signed by Britain and the United States, which settles the
Alaska boundary dispute between Canada and the United States, which gives the United States more territory.
Oceania
1857 –
Baker Island is annexed by the United States.
1860, February 8 –
Kingman Reef is informally taken by the United States (it would not be formally annexed until May 10, 1922).
1867, August 28 –
Midway Atoll is annexed by the United States.
1856, September 28 –
Howland Island is annexed by the United States.
1858 – The modern-day Cook Islands unite to form the
Kingdom of Rarotonga. February 27 –
Jarvis Island is annexed by the United States.
1899–1900 – The breakaway state of the Republic of Acre is formed after
Acre (state) separates from Bolivia and is annexed by Brazil three years later.
^Manning, Patrick (1990). Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades. London: Cambridge University Press.
^Lovejoy, Paul E. (2012). Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. London: Cambridge University Press.
^Martin Klein, "Slave Descent and Social Status in Sahara and Sudan", in Reconfiguring Slavery: West African Trajectories, ed. Benedetta Rossi (Liverpool:
Liverpool University Press, 2009), 29.