This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 31 under that system. This category includes all instruments consisting of a simple string bearer and strings. An additional resonator may be present, but it is not integral, so removing it should not destroy the instrument - the resonator must not be supporting the strings.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings ( chordophones, string instruments).
- 31: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument
- 311: Instruments with a string bearer shaped like a bar, or consisting of a sideways board ( bar zithers)
- 311.1: Instruments with a flexible or curved string bearer
- 311.12: Instruments with string made from a different material than the string bearer
- 311.121: Instruments with only one heterochord string
- 311.121.2: Instrument has a resonator
- 311.121.22: Instrument has a resonator that is attached
- 311.121.221: Instrument does not have a tuning noose
- 311.121.222: Instrument does have a tuning noose
- 311.2: Instrument has a rigid and inflexible string carrier ( stick zither)
- 311.21: Instrument has a string carrier with one curved, flexible end ( musical bow)
- 311.211: Instrument has one resonator gourd
- 311.22: Instrument has no curved or flexible end ( true stick zither)
- 311.221: Instrument has one resonator gourd
- 312: Instrument has a string bearer made of a vaulted surface ( tube zithers)
- 313: Instrument has a string bearer made from canes tied together like a raft ( raft zithers)
- 314: Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground ( board zithers)
- 315: Instrument with strings stretched across the mouth of a trough ( trough zithers)
- 316: Instrument uses strings stretched across an open frame ( frame zither)
This category includes musical bows, zithers and some keyboard instruments like the piano and harpsichord.
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
- 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
List
References
- von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. 14. Galpin Society: 3â29. doi: 10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.
This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 31 under that system. This category includes all instruments consisting of a simple string bearer and strings. An additional resonator may be present, but it is not integral, so removing it should not destroy the instrument - the resonator must not be supporting the strings.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings ( chordophones, string instruments).
- 31: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument
- 311: Instruments with a string bearer shaped like a bar, or consisting of a sideways board ( bar zithers)
- 311.1: Instruments with a flexible or curved string bearer
- 311.12: Instruments with string made from a different material than the string bearer
- 311.121: Instruments with only one heterochord string
- 311.121.2: Instrument has a resonator
- 311.121.22: Instrument has a resonator that is attached
- 311.121.221: Instrument does not have a tuning noose
- 311.121.222: Instrument does have a tuning noose
- 311.2: Instrument has a rigid and inflexible string carrier ( stick zither)
- 311.21: Instrument has a string carrier with one curved, flexible end ( musical bow)
- 311.211: Instrument has one resonator gourd
- 311.22: Instrument has no curved or flexible end ( true stick zither)
- 311.221: Instrument has one resonator gourd
- 312: Instrument has a string bearer made of a vaulted surface ( tube zithers)
- 313: Instrument has a string bearer made from canes tied together like a raft ( raft zithers)
- 314: Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground ( board zithers)
- 315: Instrument with strings stretched across the mouth of a trough ( trough zithers)
- 316: Instrument uses strings stretched across an open frame ( frame zither)
This category includes musical bows, zithers and some keyboard instruments like the piano and harpsichord.
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
- 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
List
References
- von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. 14. Galpin Society: 3â29. doi: 10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.