There are and have been throughout recorded history a great many
monarchies in the world.
Tribal kingship and
Chiefdoms have been the most widespread form of social organisation from the
Neolithic, and the predominance of monarchies has declined only with the rise of
Republicanism in the modern era.
Dates of the latest abolitions of monarchies in
Europe and the territories nearby. A green rectangle indicates that the monarchy was restored afterwards and is currently functioning. If a country has no date, it means that either it has never had a monarchical government (e.g.
Switzerland) or it has been functioning throughout the country's modern history (e.g.
Sweden,
Denmark and
Norway). Note that the dates do not necessarily mark the end of the national independent monarchy but the territory it covered (e.g.
Ukraine).
Unitary constitutional monarchies are
unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature.
Unitary absolute monarchies are
unitary states which are governed as one single unit by a single hereditary or elected leader. Some had or have a single legislature, which may or may not be constitutionally created.
Holy See (
Vatican City) (c. 756 AD, Pepin, father of Charlemagne granted the Pope control of area which became the
Papal States – present; elective absolute monarchy)
A subnational monarchy is a territory governed by a hereditary leader, but which is subordinate to a higher national government, either monarchical or republican in form.
The Kingdoms of
León and
Castile were united three times under the same monarch, first between 1037 and 1078, again from 1072 to 1157, and finally between 1230 and sometime in the 16th century.
Between 1072 and 1095 León, Castile, and Galicia were united under a common monarch, whereafter Portugal separated under a different dynasty, and the others were absorbed by
Spain.
The King of France was also the co-prince of Andorra. After the abolition of the French monarchy the co-prince is now the president of the French Republic.
There are and have been throughout recorded history a great many
monarchies in the world.
Tribal kingship and
Chiefdoms have been the most widespread form of social organisation from the
Neolithic, and the predominance of monarchies has declined only with the rise of
Republicanism in the modern era.
Dates of the latest abolitions of monarchies in
Europe and the territories nearby. A green rectangle indicates that the monarchy was restored afterwards and is currently functioning. If a country has no date, it means that either it has never had a monarchical government (e.g.
Switzerland) or it has been functioning throughout the country's modern history (e.g.
Sweden,
Denmark and
Norway). Note that the dates do not necessarily mark the end of the national independent monarchy but the territory it covered (e.g.
Ukraine).
Unitary constitutional monarchies are
unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature.
Unitary absolute monarchies are
unitary states which are governed as one single unit by a single hereditary or elected leader. Some had or have a single legislature, which may or may not be constitutionally created.
Holy See (
Vatican City) (c. 756 AD, Pepin, father of Charlemagne granted the Pope control of area which became the
Papal States – present; elective absolute monarchy)
A subnational monarchy is a territory governed by a hereditary leader, but which is subordinate to a higher national government, either monarchical or republican in form.
The Kingdoms of
León and
Castile were united three times under the same monarch, first between 1037 and 1078, again from 1072 to 1157, and finally between 1230 and sometime in the 16th century.
Between 1072 and 1095 León, Castile, and Galicia were united under a common monarch, whereafter Portugal separated under a different dynasty, and the others were absorbed by
Spain.
The King of France was also the co-prince of Andorra. After the abolition of the French monarchy the co-prince is now the president of the French Republic.