This article needs additional citations for
verification. (November 2014) |
This is a list of local anesthetic agents. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest.
Drug | Other common names | Image | First synthesis | Dates of clinical use | Chemical/structural class | Duration of effect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
amylocaine | Stovaine |
![]() |
1904 ( Ernest Fourneau) | ester- benzoic
|
||||||
ambucaine | ![]() |
diester - aminosalicylic | ||||||||
articaine | Astracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, Zorcaine |
![]() |
Amide | |||||||
benzocaine | Anbesol, Orajel |
![]() |
Ester - Aminobenzoic | Short | ||||||
benzonatate | Tessalon |
![]() |
||||||||
bupivacaine | Marcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine |
![]() |
1957 (Ekenstam) | 1963 (Widman and Telivuo) | Amide | Moderate | ||||
butacaine | ![]() |
ester- aminobenzoic | ||||||||
butanilicaine |
![]() |
Amide | ||||||||
chloroprocaine | Nesacaine |
![]() |
Ester - Aminobenzoic | |||||||
cinchocaine (INN) | dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine |
![]() |
1925 (Meischer) | 1930 (Uhlmann) | Ester - Aminobenzoic | |||||
cocaine |
![]() |
1855 (first isolation by Friedrich Gaedcke), 1898 (first synthesis by Richard Willstätter) | 1884 ( Karl Koller, William Stewart Halsted) | Ester - Benzoic | ||||||
cyclomethycaine | ![]() |
Ester - hydroxybenzoic | ||||||||
dibucaine | ![]() |
Amide | ||||||||
diperodon | ![]() |
|||||||||
dimethocaine | larocaine | ![]() |
||||||||
eucaine | α-Eucaine, β-eucaine |
|
1900. α [6] β [7] [8] | |||||||
etidocaine | Duranest | 1971 (Takman) | 1972 (Lund) | |||||||
hexylcaine | Cyclaine, Osmocaine | |||||||||
fomocaine | ![]() |
ester - phenyl | ||||||||
fotocaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
hydroxyprocaine | ![]() |
ester - aminosalicylic | ||||||||
isobucaine | ![]() |
Ester - benzoic | ||||||||
levobupivacaine | Chirocaine | 1990s (Mather and Tucker) | 1995 | |||||||
lidocaine
[12]
[13]
(lignocaine) |
Xylocaine |
![]() |
1943 ( Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist) | 1947 (Torsten Gordh) | ||||||
mepivacaine | Carbocaine, Polocaine | 1956 (Ekenstam and Egner) | 1957 (Dhuner) | |||||||
meprylcaine | Epirocain | |||||||||
metabutoxycaine | ||||||||||
nitracaine | Ester- Aminobenzoic | |||||||||
orthocaine | ||||||||||
oxetacaine (oxethazaine) | ||||||||||
oxybuprocaine | benoxinate, Novesine | |||||||||
Paraethoxycaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
phenacaine | Holocaine | |||||||||
piperocaine | metycaine | |||||||||
piridocaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
pramocaine | pramoxine | |||||||||
prilocaine | Citanest | 1959 ( Nils Löfgren and Egner) | 1960 (Wielding) | |||||||
Primacaine | ||||||||||
procaine | Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine |
![]() |
1904 ( Alfred Einhorn) | 1905 ( Heinrich Braun) | ||||||
procainamide | ![]() |
|||||||||
proparacaine | proxymetacaine | |||||||||
propoxycaine [16] | ||||||||||
Pyrrocaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
quinisocaine ( INN) | dimethisoquin ( USAN) | ![]() |
||||||||
ropivacaine | Naropin | 1957 (Ekenstam) | 1997 | |||||||
trimecaine | Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain | |||||||||
tetracaine | amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine |
![]() |
1928 (O. Eisleb) | 1931 | ||||||
Tolycaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
Tropacocaine [20] |
![]() |
This article needs additional citations for
verification. (November 2014) |
This is a list of local anesthetic agents. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest.
Drug | Other common names | Image | First synthesis | Dates of clinical use | Chemical/structural class | Duration of effect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
amylocaine | Stovaine |
![]() |
1904 ( Ernest Fourneau) | ester- benzoic
|
||||||
ambucaine | ![]() |
diester - aminosalicylic | ||||||||
articaine | Astracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, Zorcaine |
![]() |
Amide | |||||||
benzocaine | Anbesol, Orajel |
![]() |
Ester - Aminobenzoic | Short | ||||||
benzonatate | Tessalon |
![]() |
||||||||
bupivacaine | Marcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine |
![]() |
1957 (Ekenstam) | 1963 (Widman and Telivuo) | Amide | Moderate | ||||
butacaine | ![]() |
ester- aminobenzoic | ||||||||
butanilicaine |
![]() |
Amide | ||||||||
chloroprocaine | Nesacaine |
![]() |
Ester - Aminobenzoic | |||||||
cinchocaine (INN) | dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine |
![]() |
1925 (Meischer) | 1930 (Uhlmann) | Ester - Aminobenzoic | |||||
cocaine |
![]() |
1855 (first isolation by Friedrich Gaedcke), 1898 (first synthesis by Richard Willstätter) | 1884 ( Karl Koller, William Stewart Halsted) | Ester - Benzoic | ||||||
cyclomethycaine | ![]() |
Ester - hydroxybenzoic | ||||||||
dibucaine | ![]() |
Amide | ||||||||
diperodon | ![]() |
|||||||||
dimethocaine | larocaine | ![]() |
||||||||
eucaine | α-Eucaine, β-eucaine |
|
1900. α [6] β [7] [8] | |||||||
etidocaine | Duranest | 1971 (Takman) | 1972 (Lund) | |||||||
hexylcaine | Cyclaine, Osmocaine | |||||||||
fomocaine | ![]() |
ester - phenyl | ||||||||
fotocaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
hydroxyprocaine | ![]() |
ester - aminosalicylic | ||||||||
isobucaine | ![]() |
Ester - benzoic | ||||||||
levobupivacaine | Chirocaine | 1990s (Mather and Tucker) | 1995 | |||||||
lidocaine
[12]
[13]
(lignocaine) |
Xylocaine |
![]() |
1943 ( Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist) | 1947 (Torsten Gordh) | ||||||
mepivacaine | Carbocaine, Polocaine | 1956 (Ekenstam and Egner) | 1957 (Dhuner) | |||||||
meprylcaine | Epirocain | |||||||||
metabutoxycaine | ||||||||||
nitracaine | Ester- Aminobenzoic | |||||||||
orthocaine | ||||||||||
oxetacaine (oxethazaine) | ||||||||||
oxybuprocaine | benoxinate, Novesine | |||||||||
Paraethoxycaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
phenacaine | Holocaine | |||||||||
piperocaine | metycaine | |||||||||
piridocaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
pramocaine | pramoxine | |||||||||
prilocaine | Citanest | 1959 ( Nils Löfgren and Egner) | 1960 (Wielding) | |||||||
Primacaine | ||||||||||
procaine | Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine |
![]() |
1904 ( Alfred Einhorn) | 1905 ( Heinrich Braun) | ||||||
procainamide | ![]() |
|||||||||
proparacaine | proxymetacaine | |||||||||
propoxycaine [16] | ||||||||||
Pyrrocaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
quinisocaine ( INN) | dimethisoquin ( USAN) | ![]() |
||||||||
ropivacaine | Naropin | 1957 (Ekenstam) | 1997 | |||||||
trimecaine | Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain | |||||||||
tetracaine | amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine |
![]() |
1928 (O. Eisleb) | 1931 | ||||||
Tolycaine | ![]() |
|||||||||
Tropacocaine [20] |
![]() |