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Lodoicea maldivica, native to the Seychelles Archipelago, found in the Indian ocean

The largest seed in the world is the coco de mer, [1] [2] the seed of a palm tree. [3] It can reach about 30 centimetres (12 inches) long, and weigh up to 18 kilograms (40 pounds). The coco de mer, which produces a giant, dark brown seed, [4] has been protected by the government of the Seychelles because of its rarity [5] – the tree can grow up to 31 m (102 ft) tall, with leaves measuring 6 m (20 ft) long and 3.6 m (12 ft) wide. Kigelia or "sausage seed" (botanical name Kigelia africana) can produce pods weighing up to 12 kg (26 lb), and 12–20 cm (4+1⁄2–8 in) long, but the pod contains seeds.

List

Other recorded largest seeds include: [6]

Seed Image Species Family Size in inches Size in cm Weight Notes
Coco de mer Lodoicea maldivica Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		12 in 30 cm 18 kg (40 lbs) The single largest Lodoicea seed found to date was one weighing 25 kg (55 lbs). [7]
Coconut Cocos nucifera Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		6 inches 15 cm The Andaman Giant Coconut can have a weight of about 8 lbs (3.6 kg). [8]
Mora [9] Mora oleifera or M. megistosperma Senna family
( Caesalpinaceae) 		7 in by 6 in by 3 in 18 cm by 15 cm by 8 cm. 2.2 lbs (1 kg) [10]
East Indies Palmyra Borassus sundaicus Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		2.2 lbs (1 kg) [11]
African Palmyra Borassus aethiopum Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		Up to 4.29 inches by 3.15 in by 2.24 in. Up to 10.9 cm by 8 cm by 5.7 cm. [12]
Caroline Ivory Palm Metroxylon amicarum Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		4.5 inch sphere 11 cm sphere 1 lb. 4 oz (560 grams) [13]
Muli Melocanna baccifera Grass family
(Graminae or Poaceae) 		3.9 inches long and nearly as wide. [14] Ten cm long and nearly as wide. 12.3 oz (350 grams) [15]
Also called "Mora" Mora excelsa Senna family
( Caesalpinaceae) 		5 in by 2.75 in. 12.5 cm by 8 cm. [16] 8.8 oz (250 grams) [17]
Tea Mangrove [18] Pelliciera rhizophorae Tea or Camellia family
( Theaceae) 		4 in sphere. 10 cm sphere. 7 oz (200 grams)
Bornean ironwood, Belian var. "Tanduk" Eusideroxylon zwageri variety exilis Laurel family
( Lauraceae) 		6.3 in by 2 in diam. 160 mm by 5 cm diam. [19]
Pohon Kira-kira Xylocarpus granatum Mahogany family
( Meliaceae) 		Tetrahedral seeds four inches on a side. Tetrahedral seeds 10 cm on a side. [20] Also called "puzzlenut" because the nuts can be reassembled into a sphere.
Chayote Sechium edule Squash family
( Cucurbitaceae) 		4 in by 2.75 in by 1 in. 10 cm by 7 cm by 2.5 cm. [21]
Idiot fruit Idiospermum australiense Spicebush family
( Calycanthaceae) 		3.1 in sphere. 8 cm sphere. [22] 7.9 oz. (225 grams) [23] Very poisonous.
"Capucin". Northia seychellana Sapote Family ( Sapotaceae) 3.1 inches, and nearly as wide3. 8 centimeters, and nearly as wide. [24] weight not stated
Avocado Persea americana Laurel family
( Lauraceae) 		3 in 7.6 cm
Chuya Pouteria speciosa Sapote family ( Sapotaceae) 3.5 in long by 2.4 in thick. 90 mm long by 60 mm thick. [25]
Boko tree Balanites wilsoniana Balanitaceae 3.46 in by 1.81 in diameter. 8.8 cm by 4.7 cm diameter. [26]
Pacó Grias tessmannii Monkeypot family
( Lecythidaceae) 		3.2 in by 2.5 in. [27] 8 cm by 6.5 cm.
Cativo Prioria copaifera Senna family
( Caesalpinaceae) 		Up to six ounces (170 grams) [28]
California buckeye Aesculus californica Horse chestnut family ( Hippocastanaceae) 2.88 in width, 2.63 in breadth and 2.13 in height. [29] 7.32 cm width, 6.68 cm breadth and 5.41 cm height 5 oz (140 grams) This is the largest of all temperate (non-tropical) seeds. Poisonous.
Provision tree, Guiana chestnut Pachira aquatica Kapok family ( Bombcaceae) Squarish seeds to 2.4 inches on a side. Squarish seeds to 6.1 cm. on a side. [30]
Elephant Creeper. Entada phaseoloides Mimosa family
( Mimosaceae) 		2.8 in by 2.4 in by 1.0 in. 71 mm by 61 mm by 25 mm. [31] 2.1 oz. (60 grams)
Tauari Couratari macrosperma Monkeypot family
( Lecythidaceae) 		3.9 inches by 1.2 inches. [32] 10 cm by 3 cm.
Membrillo Gustavia dodsonii Monkeypot family
( Lecythidaceae) 		2.9 inches by 2,25 inches. 74 mm by 58 mm. [33]
(no common name) Macrozamia macdonnellii Coontie family
( Zamiaceae) 		3.2 inches by 2.2 inches. 8 cm by 5.5 cm. [34] The largest of all Gymnosperm seeds.
Also called Tauari Couratari longipedicellata Monkeypot family ( Lecythidaceae) Four inches long by 0.9 inches wide. 9.5 cm long by 2.3 cm wide. [35]
(no common name) Grias multinervia Monkeypot family
( Lecythidaceae) 		3 inches by 1.17 inches. [36] 77 mm by 30 mm.
Fatra Cycas thouarsii Sago palm family
( Cycadaceae) 		2.75 inches by 2.3 inches. 7 cm by 6 cm. [37] Pachytesta incrassata of the Carboniferous deposits was up to 5 in by 2.5 in diam (12 cm by 6 cm diam.) and weighed about seven ounces (200 grams). [38]
Mango Mangifera indica Sumac family
( Anacardiaceae) 		2-4 inches
Peach Prunus persica Rose family
( Rosaceae) 		2 inches 3 cm

See also

References

  1. ^ Quest The World's Largest Seed Archived 2011-06-23 at the Wayback Machine A KQED Multimedia Series Exploring Northern California Science, Environment and Nature.
  2. ^ BGCI plants for the planet Our work Coco de Mer Archived 2019-02-06 at the Wayback Machine Investigate Coco de Mer on the BGCI Plant Search Database
  3. ^ Fruit trivia Coco de mer - Q
  4. ^ Britannica E. Coco de mer Double coconut
  5. ^ "Coco de Mer (Management) Decree | Seychelles Legal Information Institute". www.seylii.org. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
  6. ^ Jenifer Corr Morse (1 November 2011). Scholastic Book of World Records 2012. Scholastic Inc. pp.  202–. ISBN  978-0-545-33149-4. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  7. ^ Blackmore, Stephen; Chin, See-Chung; Chong Seng, Lindsay; Christie, Frieda; Inches, Fiona; Winda Utami, Putri; Watherston, Neil; Wortley, Alexandra H. (2012). "Observations on the Morphology, Pollination and Cultivation of Coco de Mer (Lodoicea maldivica (J F Gmel.) Pers., Palmae)". Journal of Botany. 2012: 1–13. doi: 10.1155/2012/687832.
  8. ^ K.P.V. Menon and K.M. Pandala, "The Coconut Palm - A Monograph" (Ernakulam, Kerala, India: The Indian Central Coconut Committee, 1958) pp. 96 & 98.
  9. ^ Elbert L. Little and Robert G. Dixon, "Arboles Communes de la Provincia de Esmereldas" (Rome: UNFAO, 1969) p. 222
  10. ^ Daniel H. Janzen, "Costa Rican Natural History", (Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1983) p. 281.
  11. ^ Chris Gray, "The Townsville Palmetum", THE PALM JOURNAL # 175 (March 2004)p. 30.
  12. ^ "Borassus aethiopum Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 221 (1838) | PALMweb".
  13. ^ James C. McCurrach, "Palms of the World" (Stuart, Fla.: Horticultural Books, Inc., 1980 reprint - orig 1960) p. 139.
  14. ^ "Melocanna baccifera Description". GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. RBG Kew.[ dead link]
  15. ^ Daniel H. Janzen, "Why do Bamboos Wait so Long to Flower?", ANN. REV. ECOL. SYST. Vol 7 (1974) p. 9.
  16. ^ Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information # 8 (November 1, 1932) p. 397
  17. ^ Victor C. Quesner and T. Francis Farrell, "Native Trees of Trinidad and Tobago" (Port of Spain: T & T Field Naturalists Club, 2000) p. 86.
  18. ^ "Mangrove". Mangrove.at.
  19. ^ Yukitoshi Kimoto et al, "Embryology of Eusideroxylon...etc", BOTANICAL JOURNAL of the LINNEAN SOCIETY Vol. 150 # 2 (February 2006) p. 190.
  20. ^ Margaret Percival and John S. Womersley, "Floristics and Ecology of Mangrove Vegetation in Papua New Guinea", BOTANICAL BULLETIN # 8 (Lae: Dept. of Forests, 1975) p. 90.
  21. ^ Fayaz, Ahmed. Encyclopedia of Tropical Plants. Buffalo, N.Y.: Firefly Books. p. 451.
  22. ^ Franks, P. J. and P. L. Drake (2003). "Desiccation-induced loss of seed viability is associated with a 10-fold increase in CO(2) evolution in seeds of the rare tropical rainforest tree Idiospermum australiense." New Phytologist 159(1): 253-261.
  23. ^ Will Edwards; Paul Gadek; Ellen Weber; Stuart Worboys (June 2001). "Idiosyncratic phenomenon of regeneration from cotyledonsin the idiot fruit tree, Idiospermum australiense". Austral Ecology. 26 (3): 254. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01110.x. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  24. ^ Wise, Rosemary (1998). A Fragile Eden. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. Plate No. 51 with caption.
  25. ^ Polak, A. M. (1992). Major Timber Trees of Guyana - A Field Guide. Wageningen, Netherlands: Tropenbos Foundation. pp. 156–157.
  26. ^ Chapman, Lauren J. (August 1992). "Balanites wilsoniana - Elephant dependent Dispersion?". Journal of Tropical Ecology. 8 (3): 275–283. doi: 10.1017/S0266467400006519. S2CID  44759915.
  27. ^ Elbert L. Little and Robert G. Dixon, "Arboles Communes de la Provincia de Esmeraldes" (Rome: UNFAO, 1969) Illust p. 437 plus caption p. 436.
  28. ^ Dalling, J.W. (1997). "Seed Damage Tolerance and Seedling Resprouting...etc". Journal of Tropical Ecology. 13 (1): 481–490. doi: 10.1017/S026646740001066X. S2CID  16969638.
  29. ^ Personal observations and measurements made in Riverside, California on November 27, 2015. This is the largest of all temperate (non-tropical) seeds.
  30. ^ Croat, Thomas B. (1978). Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford, California: Stanford Univ. Press. pp. 589–591.
  31. ^ Dr. Jerry Sulivan, "The Godzilla Entada", THE DRIFTING SEED (May 2005 p. 10
  32. ^ Van Roosmalen, Marc (n.d.). ""Illustrated guide to the Fruits and seeds of the Amazonian Flora" p. 26". Retrieved 2007-04-04.
  33. ^ Flora Neotropica Volume 21 Part 1 (Lecythidaceae) (August 1979) p, 160.
  34. ^ Jessop, John (1981). Flora of Central Australia. Sydney: Reed Book Pty. Ltd. p. 14.
  35. ^ Van Roosmalen, Marc. "Illustrated Guide to the Fruits and Seeds of the Amazonian Flora". p. 22. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  36. ^ Prance, Ghillian; Mori, Scott A. (15 August 1979). "Lecythidaceae". Flora Neotropica. 21: 199.
  37. ^ Robert K.F. Pilger, "Cycadaceae", NATURLICHEN PFLANZENFAMILIEN (Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1926) 2nd Auflage Band 13 p. 69.
  38. ^ "VIII Tamanos y Formas". Retrieved 2001-12-04.[ dead link]

External links

Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_largest_seeds&oldid=1197206152"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lodoicea maldivica, native to the Seychelles Archipelago, found in the Indian ocean

The largest seed in the world is the coco de mer, [1] [2] the seed of a palm tree. [3] It can reach about 30 centimetres (12 inches) long, and weigh up to 18 kilograms (40 pounds). The coco de mer, which produces a giant, dark brown seed, [4] has been protected by the government of the Seychelles because of its rarity [5] – the tree can grow up to 31 m (102 ft) tall, with leaves measuring 6 m (20 ft) long and 3.6 m (12 ft) wide. Kigelia or "sausage seed" (botanical name Kigelia africana) can produce pods weighing up to 12 kg (26 lb), and 12–20 cm (4+1⁄2–8 in) long, but the pod contains seeds.

List

Other recorded largest seeds include: [6]

Seed Image Species Family Size in inches Size in cm Weight Notes
Coco de mer Lodoicea maldivica Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		12 in 30 cm 18 kg (40 lbs) The single largest Lodoicea seed found to date was one weighing 25 kg (55 lbs). [7]
Coconut Cocos nucifera Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		6 inches 15 cm The Andaman Giant Coconut can have a weight of about 8 lbs (3.6 kg). [8]
Mora [9] Mora oleifera or M. megistosperma Senna family
( Caesalpinaceae) 		7 in by 6 in by 3 in 18 cm by 15 cm by 8 cm. 2.2 lbs (1 kg) [10]
East Indies Palmyra Borassus sundaicus Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		2.2 lbs (1 kg) [11]
African Palmyra Borassus aethiopum Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		Up to 4.29 inches by 3.15 in by 2.24 in. Up to 10.9 cm by 8 cm by 5.7 cm. [12]
Caroline Ivory Palm Metroxylon amicarum Palm family
( Arecaceae or Palmae) 		4.5 inch sphere 11 cm sphere 1 lb. 4 oz (560 grams) [13]
Muli Melocanna baccifera Grass family
(Graminae or Poaceae) 		3.9 inches long and nearly as wide. [14] Ten cm long and nearly as wide. 12.3 oz (350 grams) [15]
Also called "Mora" Mora excelsa Senna family
( Caesalpinaceae) 		5 in by 2.75 in. 12.5 cm by 8 cm. [16] 8.8 oz (250 grams) [17]
Tea Mangrove [18] Pelliciera rhizophorae Tea or Camellia family
( Theaceae) 		4 in sphere. 10 cm sphere. 7 oz (200 grams)
Bornean ironwood, Belian var. "Tanduk" Eusideroxylon zwageri variety exilis Laurel family
( Lauraceae) 		6.3 in by 2 in diam. 160 mm by 5 cm diam. [19]
Pohon Kira-kira Xylocarpus granatum Mahogany family
( Meliaceae) 		Tetrahedral seeds four inches on a side. Tetrahedral seeds 10 cm on a side. [20] Also called "puzzlenut" because the nuts can be reassembled into a sphere.
Chayote Sechium edule Squash family
( Cucurbitaceae) 		4 in by 2.75 in by 1 in. 10 cm by 7 cm by 2.5 cm. [21]
Idiot fruit Idiospermum australiense Spicebush family
( Calycanthaceae) 		3.1 in sphere. 8 cm sphere. [22] 7.9 oz. (225 grams) [23] Very poisonous.
"Capucin". Northia seychellana Sapote Family ( Sapotaceae) 3.1 inches, and nearly as wide3. 8 centimeters, and nearly as wide. [24] weight not stated
Avocado Persea americana Laurel family
( Lauraceae) 		3 in 7.6 cm
Chuya Pouteria speciosa Sapote family ( Sapotaceae) 3.5 in long by 2.4 in thick. 90 mm long by 60 mm thick. [25]
Boko tree Balanites wilsoniana Balanitaceae 3.46 in by 1.81 in diameter. 8.8 cm by 4.7 cm diameter. [26]
Pacó Grias tessmannii Monkeypot family
( Lecythidaceae) 		3.2 in by 2.5 in. [27] 8 cm by 6.5 cm.
Cativo Prioria copaifera Senna family
( Caesalpinaceae) 		Up to six ounces (170 grams) [28]
California buckeye Aesculus californica Horse chestnut family ( Hippocastanaceae) 2.88 in width, 2.63 in breadth and 2.13 in height. [29] 7.32 cm width, 6.68 cm breadth and 5.41 cm height 5 oz (140 grams) This is the largest of all temperate (non-tropical) seeds. Poisonous.
Provision tree, Guiana chestnut Pachira aquatica Kapok family ( Bombcaceae) Squarish seeds to 2.4 inches on a side. Squarish seeds to 6.1 cm. on a side. [30]
Elephant Creeper. Entada phaseoloides Mimosa family
( Mimosaceae) 		2.8 in by 2.4 in by 1.0 in. 71 mm by 61 mm by 25 mm. [31] 2.1 oz. (60 grams)
Tauari Couratari macrosperma Monkeypot family
( Lecythidaceae) 		3.9 inches by 1.2 inches. [32] 10 cm by 3 cm.
Membrillo Gustavia dodsonii Monkeypot family
( Lecythidaceae) 		2.9 inches by 2,25 inches. 74 mm by 58 mm. [33]
(no common name) Macrozamia macdonnellii Coontie family
( Zamiaceae) 		3.2 inches by 2.2 inches. 8 cm by 5.5 cm. [34] The largest of all Gymnosperm seeds.
Also called Tauari Couratari longipedicellata Monkeypot family ( Lecythidaceae) Four inches long by 0.9 inches wide. 9.5 cm long by 2.3 cm wide. [35]
(no common name) Grias multinervia Monkeypot family
( Lecythidaceae) 		3 inches by 1.17 inches. [36] 77 mm by 30 mm.
Fatra Cycas thouarsii Sago palm family
( Cycadaceae) 		2.75 inches by 2.3 inches. 7 cm by 6 cm. [37] Pachytesta incrassata of the Carboniferous deposits was up to 5 in by 2.5 in diam (12 cm by 6 cm diam.) and weighed about seven ounces (200 grams). [38]
Mango Mangifera indica Sumac family
( Anacardiaceae) 		2-4 inches
Peach Prunus persica Rose family
( Rosaceae) 		2 inches 3 cm

See also

References

  1. ^ Quest The World's Largest Seed Archived 2011-06-23 at the Wayback Machine A KQED Multimedia Series Exploring Northern California Science, Environment and Nature.
  2. ^ BGCI plants for the planet Our work Coco de Mer Archived 2019-02-06 at the Wayback Machine Investigate Coco de Mer on the BGCI Plant Search Database
  3. ^ Fruit trivia Coco de mer - Q
  4. ^ Britannica E. Coco de mer Double coconut
  5. ^ "Coco de Mer (Management) Decree | Seychelles Legal Information Institute". www.seylii.org. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
  6. ^ Jenifer Corr Morse (1 November 2011). Scholastic Book of World Records 2012. Scholastic Inc. pp.  202–. ISBN  978-0-545-33149-4. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  7. ^ Blackmore, Stephen; Chin, See-Chung; Chong Seng, Lindsay; Christie, Frieda; Inches, Fiona; Winda Utami, Putri; Watherston, Neil; Wortley, Alexandra H. (2012). "Observations on the Morphology, Pollination and Cultivation of Coco de Mer (Lodoicea maldivica (J F Gmel.) Pers., Palmae)". Journal of Botany. 2012: 1–13. doi: 10.1155/2012/687832.
  8. ^ K.P.V. Menon and K.M. Pandala, "The Coconut Palm - A Monograph" (Ernakulam, Kerala, India: The Indian Central Coconut Committee, 1958) pp. 96 & 98.
  9. ^ Elbert L. Little and Robert G. Dixon, "Arboles Communes de la Provincia de Esmereldas" (Rome: UNFAO, 1969) p. 222
  10. ^ Daniel H. Janzen, "Costa Rican Natural History", (Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1983) p. 281.
  11. ^ Chris Gray, "The Townsville Palmetum", THE PALM JOURNAL # 175 (March 2004)p. 30.
  12. ^ "Borassus aethiopum Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 221 (1838) | PALMweb".
  13. ^ James C. McCurrach, "Palms of the World" (Stuart, Fla.: Horticultural Books, Inc., 1980 reprint - orig 1960) p. 139.
  14. ^ "Melocanna baccifera Description". GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. RBG Kew.[ dead link]
  15. ^ Daniel H. Janzen, "Why do Bamboos Wait so Long to Flower?", ANN. REV. ECOL. SYST. Vol 7 (1974) p. 9.
  16. ^ Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information # 8 (November 1, 1932) p. 397
  17. ^ Victor C. Quesner and T. Francis Farrell, "Native Trees of Trinidad and Tobago" (Port of Spain: T & T Field Naturalists Club, 2000) p. 86.
  18. ^ "Mangrove". Mangrove.at.
  19. ^ Yukitoshi Kimoto et al, "Embryology of Eusideroxylon...etc", BOTANICAL JOURNAL of the LINNEAN SOCIETY Vol. 150 # 2 (February 2006) p. 190.
  20. ^ Margaret Percival and John S. Womersley, "Floristics and Ecology of Mangrove Vegetation in Papua New Guinea", BOTANICAL BULLETIN # 8 (Lae: Dept. of Forests, 1975) p. 90.
  21. ^ Fayaz, Ahmed. Encyclopedia of Tropical Plants. Buffalo, N.Y.: Firefly Books. p. 451.
  22. ^ Franks, P. J. and P. L. Drake (2003). "Desiccation-induced loss of seed viability is associated with a 10-fold increase in CO(2) evolution in seeds of the rare tropical rainforest tree Idiospermum australiense." New Phytologist 159(1): 253-261.
  23. ^ Will Edwards; Paul Gadek; Ellen Weber; Stuart Worboys (June 2001). "Idiosyncratic phenomenon of regeneration from cotyledonsin the idiot fruit tree, Idiospermum australiense". Austral Ecology. 26 (3): 254. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01110.x. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  24. ^ Wise, Rosemary (1998). A Fragile Eden. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. Plate No. 51 with caption.
  25. ^ Polak, A. M. (1992). Major Timber Trees of Guyana - A Field Guide. Wageningen, Netherlands: Tropenbos Foundation. pp. 156–157.
  26. ^ Chapman, Lauren J. (August 1992). "Balanites wilsoniana - Elephant dependent Dispersion?". Journal of Tropical Ecology. 8 (3): 275–283. doi: 10.1017/S0266467400006519. S2CID  44759915.
  27. ^ Elbert L. Little and Robert G. Dixon, "Arboles Communes de la Provincia de Esmeraldes" (Rome: UNFAO, 1969) Illust p. 437 plus caption p. 436.
  28. ^ Dalling, J.W. (1997). "Seed Damage Tolerance and Seedling Resprouting...etc". Journal of Tropical Ecology. 13 (1): 481–490. doi: 10.1017/S026646740001066X. S2CID  16969638.
  29. ^ Personal observations and measurements made in Riverside, California on November 27, 2015. This is the largest of all temperate (non-tropical) seeds.
  30. ^ Croat, Thomas B. (1978). Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford, California: Stanford Univ. Press. pp. 589–591.
  31. ^ Dr. Jerry Sulivan, "The Godzilla Entada", THE DRIFTING SEED (May 2005 p. 10
  32. ^ Van Roosmalen, Marc (n.d.). ""Illustrated guide to the Fruits and seeds of the Amazonian Flora" p. 26". Retrieved 2007-04-04.
  33. ^ Flora Neotropica Volume 21 Part 1 (Lecythidaceae) (August 1979) p, 160.
  34. ^ Jessop, John (1981). Flora of Central Australia. Sydney: Reed Book Pty. Ltd. p. 14.
  35. ^ Van Roosmalen, Marc. "Illustrated Guide to the Fruits and Seeds of the Amazonian Flora". p. 22. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  36. ^ Prance, Ghillian; Mori, Scott A. (15 August 1979). "Lecythidaceae". Flora Neotropica. 21: 199.
  37. ^ Robert K.F. Pilger, "Cycadaceae", NATURLICHEN PFLANZENFAMILIEN (Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1926) 2nd Auflage Band 13 p. 69.
  38. ^ "VIII Tamanos y Formas". Retrieved 2001-12-04.[ dead link]

External links

Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_largest_seeds&oldid=1197206152"

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