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This is a list of non-American heads of state and heads of government who have received their undergraduate or postgraduate education from American colleges and universities.

Head of State or Government Country Term(s) of Office University Graduation
Hun Manet   Cambodia 2023–present New York University 2002 – MA, Economics
José Ramos-Horta   East Timor 2022–present Antioch University, Columbia University 1984 – MA, Peace Studies, Post-graduate courses in American Foreign Policy [1]
Rodrigo Chaves Robles   Costa Rica 2022–present Ohio State University BA, MA, Economics, 1994 – PhD, Agricultural Economics [2]
Maia Sandu   Moldova 2021–present Harvard University 2010 – diploma, Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University – MD
Mokgweetsi Masisi   Botswana 2018–present Florida State University 1991 – MA, Social Science Education [3]
Salome Zourabichvili   Georgia 2018–present Columbia University Master's Degree [4]
Tsai Ing-wen   Republic of China 2016–present Cornell University Master of Laws at Cornell University Law School in 1980
Philippe of Belgium   Belgium 2013–present Stanford University 1985 – MA, Political Science [5]
Felipe VI   Spain 2014-present Georgetown University 1991, MSc from Walsh School of Foreign Service
Albert II   Monaco 2005–present Amherst College 1977–1981 BA, Political Science [6]
Kiril Petkov   Bulgaria 2021–2022 Harvard University Master of Business Administration
Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović   Croatia 2015–2020 George Washington University Fulbright scholar on pre-doctoral research in international relations and security policy at George Washington University in 2003 [7]
Hastings Banda   Malawi 1961–1994 Central State University, Indiana University, University of Chicago, Meharry Medical College 1925 – diploma, 1931 – BA, University of Chicago, 1937 – MD
Nnamdi Azikiwe   Nigeria 1963–1966 Howard University, Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), University of Pennsylvania
Laura Chinchilla   Costa Rica 2010–2014 Georgetown University Masters in public policy
Shinzō Abe   Japan 2006–2007, 2012–2020 University of Southern California Public policy
Mary Robinson   Ireland 1990–1997 Harvard University LLM from Harvard Law School
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer   Iraq 2004–2005 American University, George Washington University Masters from George Washington University
Rafael Correa   Equador 2007–2017 University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 1999 (Master of Science in Economics), 2001 (PhD in Economics)
Yingluck Shinawatra   Thailand 2011–2014 Kentucky State University 1990 (MS in Public Administration)
Hafizullah Amin   Democratic Republic of Afghanistan September–December 1979 Columbia University 1962 (PhD in Education)
Jamshid Amuzegar   Iran 1977–1978 Cornell University PhD
Corazon Aquino   Philippines 1986–1992 College of Mount Saint Vincent 1953 (degree in French)
Arnulfo Arias   Panama 1940–1941, 1949–1951, 1968 University of Chicago, [8] Harvard MD from Harvard
Ehud Barak   Israel 1999–2001 Stanford University 1978 (Masters in engineering-economic systems)
José Manuel Barroso   Portugal 2002–2004 Georgetown University 1998 (research for a PhD)
Marek Belka   Poland 2004–2005 Columbia University, University of Chicago attended classes
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali   Tunisia 1987–2011 Senior Intelligence School ( Maryland), School for Anti-Aircraft Field Artillery ( Texas) training
Benazir Bhutto   Pakistan 1988–1990, 1993–1996 Harvard University 1973 (political science)
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto   Pakistan 1971–1973 University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley 1950 (B.A. in political science from Berkeley)
Enrique Bolaños   Nicaragua 2002–2007 Saint Louis University [9] 1962 (B.A. in industrial engineering)
Felipe Calderón   Mexico 2006–2012 Harvard University Masters in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Juan Manuel Santos   Colombia 2010–2018 University of Kansas [10]
Harvard University 		Bachelor in Economics and Business Administration
Masters in Political Science from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Alberto Fujimori   Peru 1990–2000 University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee 1971 (MS in Mathematics)
Toomas Hendrik Ilves   Estonia 2006–2016 Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania Masters in psychology
Kostas Karamanlis   Greece 2004–2009 Tufts University master's degree and doctorate in political sciences, international relations and diplomatic history
Karl Carstens   West Germany 1979–1984 Yale University 1949 (Master of Laws)
Ahmed Chalabi   Iraq September 2003 MIT, University of Chicago 1965 (Bachelors in Math from MIT), 1969 (PhD in Math from Chicago)
Sanford B. Dole [11]   Republic of Hawaii 1894–1900 Williams College [12] attended classes
Mario García Menocal   Cuba 1913–1921 Cornell University 1888 in the College of Engineering
Václav Klaus   Czech Republic 2003–2013 Cornell University Attended Cornell in 1969
François Duvalier   Haiti 1957–1971 University of Michigan studied public health
Ricardo Arias Espinosa   Panama 1955–1956 Georgetown University 1935 (Walsh School of Foreign Service)
Ricardo de la Espriella   Panama 1982–1984 Stanford University Economics
Vicente Fox   Mexico 2000–2006 Harvard University attended classes
Alberto Fujimori   Peru 1990–2000 University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee 1969 (master's degree in mathematics)
Goh Chok Tong   Singapore 1990–2004 Williams College 1967 (MA in Development Economics)
Ernesto de la Guardia Navarro   Panama 1956–1960 Dartmouth College Masters in Finance
Jorge Illueca   Panama February–October 1984 Harvard University, University of Chicago 1955 (Law) [13]
Cheddi Jagan   Guyana 1992–1997 Howard University Dental School, and Northwestern University
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf   Liberia 2006–2018 Madison Business College, University of Colorado, Harvard University 1964 (BBA in Accounting from Madison), 1970 (economics diploma from Colorado), 1971 (Master of Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government)
Uhuru Kenyatta   Kenya 2013–2022 Amherst College 1985 (Political science)
William Lyon Mackenzie King   Canada 1921–1926, 1926–1930, 1935–1948 University of Chicago, Harvard University 1898 (MA in political economy from Harvard), 1909 (PhD from Harvard)
Ricardo Lagos   Chile 2000–2006 Duke University 1962 (PhD)
Hastings Banda   Malawi Prime Minister of Malawi (1964–1966), President of Malawi (1966–1994) University of Chicago Ph.B. 1931
José P. Laurel   Philippines 1943–1945 Yale University 1920 (Law)
Salvador Laurel [14]   Philippines February–March 1986 Yale University 1953 (LL.M.), 1960 (Law)
Lee Hsien Loong   Singapore 2004–present Harvard University 1980 MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Lee Teng-Hui   Republic of China 1988–2000 Iowa State University; Cornell University 1953 (Master's degree in agricultural economics); 1968 (PhD in agricultural economics)
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo   Philippines 2001–2010 Georgetown University attended 1964–1966
Golda Meir   Israel 1969–1974 Milwaukee State Normal School Graduate
Mireya Moscoso   Panama 1999–2004 Miami-Dade College Interior design diploma
Benjamin Netanyahu   Israel 1996–1999, 2009–2021, 2022–present Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University B.Sc in Architecture from MIT, MBA from MIT
Kwame Nkrumah   Ghana 1957–1966 Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), University of Pennsylvania 1939 (BA from Lincoln), 1942 (MS in Education from Penn), 1943 (MA in Philosophy from Penn)
Olof Palme   Sweden 1969–1976, 1982–1986 Kenyon College 1948 (BA)
Andreas Papandreou   Greece 1981–1989, 1993–1996 Harvard University 1943 (PhD in economics) [15]
Ernesto Pérez Balladares   Panama 1994–1999 University of Notre Dame, University of Pennsylvania 1969 (Masters in Economics from Notre Dame), 1970 (Masters in Marketing from Pennsylvania)
Fidel V. Ramos   Philippines 1992–1998 United States Military Academy, University of Illinois 1950 (West Point), 1951 (Master's degree in Civil Engineering from Illinois)
Syngman Rhee   South Korea 1948–1960 George Washington University, Harvard University, Princeton University 1907 (GWU), 1909 (MA from Harvard), 1910 (PhD in politics from Princeton) [16]
Joseph Jenkins Roberts   Liberia 1848–1856, 1872–1876 Norfolk Academy, Maury High School
Edward James Roye   Liberia 1870–1871 Ohio University
Carlos Salinas   Mexico 1988–1994 Harvard University 1973 (MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government), 1976 (master's in Political Economics), 1976 (PhD in Political Economics and Government)
Martín Torrijos   Panama 2004–2009

Texas A&M University

1987 (Political Science and Economics)
Pierre Trudeau   Canada 1968–1979

1980–1984

Harvard University

MA in Political Economy from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Alvaro Magaña   El Salvador 1982–1984 University of Chicago A.M 1955
José Napoleón Duarte   El Salvador 1984–1989 University of Notre Dame B.S. in Engineering 1948
Ma Ying-jeou   Republic of China 2008–2016 Harvard University PhD
Ernesto Zedillo   Mexico 1994–2000 Yale University PhD
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada   Bolivia 1993–1997, 2002–2003 University of Chicago 1952
Abdiweli Gaas   Somalia 2011–2012 Vanderbilt University, Harvard University, George Mason University MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero   Honduras 1990–1994 Mississippi State University B.S. and M.S. in agricultural economics
Mario Monti   Italy 2011–2013 Yale University M.Sc. in economics, 1968
Christopher Loeak   Marshall Islands 2011–2016 Portland Community College, [17] Hawaii Pacific College, Gonzaga University School of Law 1978 (Bachelor's from Hawaii Pacific), 1982 (JD from Gonzaga) [18]
José Ramón Guizado   Panama 1955 Vanderbilt University B.E., 1920
Jamil Mahuad   Equador 1998–2000 Harvard University 1989 (MPA Masters of Public Administration)

Notes

  1. ^ "Columbia University World Leaders Forum – José Manuel Ramos-Horta". Archived from the original on 2017-03-23. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  2. ^ "AEDE Alums Robert M. McClelland, Dr. Rodrigo A. Chaves and Joseph A. Shultz to be Honored by the CFAES Alumni Society". Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Florida State welcomes president of Botswana for official visit". 20 September 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  4. ^ "SALOMÉ ZOURABICHVILI A PORTRAIT AND EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW". 9 March 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  5. ^ "The Royal Family – The King". Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  6. ^ "A prince graduates". UPI. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
  7. ^ "World Leaders Forum – Columbia University". Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  8. ^ "Arnulfo Arias Biography". www.BookRags.com. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  9. ^ "Alum Elected President of Nicaragua By Wide Margin – Saint Louis University". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  10. ^ Esau, John (November 2012). "Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos Visits Delta Upsilon Chapter at the University of Kansas". Delta Upsilon Quarterly. 130 (4). Indianapolis, IN: Delta Upsilon fraternity: 38–39. OCLC  6644516. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  11. ^ Dole served as President of the Republic of Hawaii.
  12. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-07-20. Retrieved 2006-08-09.{{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link)
  13. ^ "JORGE E. ILLUECA – 38th Session". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  14. ^ Laurel served as head of government as Prime Minister for one month until the position was eliminated.
  15. ^ "Biographies". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  16. ^ "Syngman Rhee". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  17. ^ Loeak, Anono Lieom; Kiluwe, Veronica C.; Crowl, Linda (2004). Life in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Editorips@usp.ac.fj. ISBN  9789820203648. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  18. ^ Loeak, Anono Lieom; Kiluwe, Veronica C.; Crowl, Linda (2004). Life in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Editorips@usp.ac.fj. ISBN  9789820203648. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_educated_in_the_United_States&oldid=1234877726"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


This is a list of non-American heads of state and heads of government who have received their undergraduate or postgraduate education from American colleges and universities.

Head of State or Government Country Term(s) of Office University Graduation
Hun Manet   Cambodia 2023–present New York University 2002 – MA, Economics
José Ramos-Horta   East Timor 2022–present Antioch University, Columbia University 1984 – MA, Peace Studies, Post-graduate courses in American Foreign Policy [1]
Rodrigo Chaves Robles   Costa Rica 2022–present Ohio State University BA, MA, Economics, 1994 – PhD, Agricultural Economics [2]
Maia Sandu   Moldova 2021–present Harvard University 2010 – diploma, Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University – MD
Mokgweetsi Masisi   Botswana 2018–present Florida State University 1991 – MA, Social Science Education [3]
Salome Zourabichvili   Georgia 2018–present Columbia University Master's Degree [4]
Tsai Ing-wen   Republic of China 2016–present Cornell University Master of Laws at Cornell University Law School in 1980
Philippe of Belgium   Belgium 2013–present Stanford University 1985 – MA, Political Science [5]
Felipe VI   Spain 2014-present Georgetown University 1991, MSc from Walsh School of Foreign Service
Albert II   Monaco 2005–present Amherst College 1977–1981 BA, Political Science [6]
Kiril Petkov   Bulgaria 2021–2022 Harvard University Master of Business Administration
Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović   Croatia 2015–2020 George Washington University Fulbright scholar on pre-doctoral research in international relations and security policy at George Washington University in 2003 [7]
Hastings Banda   Malawi 1961–1994 Central State University, Indiana University, University of Chicago, Meharry Medical College 1925 – diploma, 1931 – BA, University of Chicago, 1937 – MD
Nnamdi Azikiwe   Nigeria 1963–1966 Howard University, Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), University of Pennsylvania
Laura Chinchilla   Costa Rica 2010–2014 Georgetown University Masters in public policy
Shinzō Abe   Japan 2006–2007, 2012–2020 University of Southern California Public policy
Mary Robinson   Ireland 1990–1997 Harvard University LLM from Harvard Law School
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer   Iraq 2004–2005 American University, George Washington University Masters from George Washington University
Rafael Correa   Equador 2007–2017 University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 1999 (Master of Science in Economics), 2001 (PhD in Economics)
Yingluck Shinawatra   Thailand 2011–2014 Kentucky State University 1990 (MS in Public Administration)
Hafizullah Amin   Democratic Republic of Afghanistan September–December 1979 Columbia University 1962 (PhD in Education)
Jamshid Amuzegar   Iran 1977–1978 Cornell University PhD
Corazon Aquino   Philippines 1986–1992 College of Mount Saint Vincent 1953 (degree in French)
Arnulfo Arias   Panama 1940–1941, 1949–1951, 1968 University of Chicago, [8] Harvard MD from Harvard
Ehud Barak   Israel 1999–2001 Stanford University 1978 (Masters in engineering-economic systems)
José Manuel Barroso   Portugal 2002–2004 Georgetown University 1998 (research for a PhD)
Marek Belka   Poland 2004–2005 Columbia University, University of Chicago attended classes
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali   Tunisia 1987–2011 Senior Intelligence School ( Maryland), School for Anti-Aircraft Field Artillery ( Texas) training
Benazir Bhutto   Pakistan 1988–1990, 1993–1996 Harvard University 1973 (political science)
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto   Pakistan 1971–1973 University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley 1950 (B.A. in political science from Berkeley)
Enrique Bolaños   Nicaragua 2002–2007 Saint Louis University [9] 1962 (B.A. in industrial engineering)
Felipe Calderón   Mexico 2006–2012 Harvard University Masters in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Juan Manuel Santos   Colombia 2010–2018 University of Kansas [10]
Harvard University 		Bachelor in Economics and Business Administration
Masters in Political Science from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Alberto Fujimori   Peru 1990–2000 University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee 1971 (MS in Mathematics)
Toomas Hendrik Ilves   Estonia 2006–2016 Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania Masters in psychology
Kostas Karamanlis   Greece 2004–2009 Tufts University master's degree and doctorate in political sciences, international relations and diplomatic history
Karl Carstens   West Germany 1979–1984 Yale University 1949 (Master of Laws)
Ahmed Chalabi   Iraq September 2003 MIT, University of Chicago 1965 (Bachelors in Math from MIT), 1969 (PhD in Math from Chicago)
Sanford B. Dole [11]   Republic of Hawaii 1894–1900 Williams College [12] attended classes
Mario García Menocal   Cuba 1913–1921 Cornell University 1888 in the College of Engineering
Václav Klaus   Czech Republic 2003–2013 Cornell University Attended Cornell in 1969
François Duvalier   Haiti 1957–1971 University of Michigan studied public health
Ricardo Arias Espinosa   Panama 1955–1956 Georgetown University 1935 (Walsh School of Foreign Service)
Ricardo de la Espriella   Panama 1982–1984 Stanford University Economics
Vicente Fox   Mexico 2000–2006 Harvard University attended classes
Alberto Fujimori   Peru 1990–2000 University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee 1969 (master's degree in mathematics)
Goh Chok Tong   Singapore 1990–2004 Williams College 1967 (MA in Development Economics)
Ernesto de la Guardia Navarro   Panama 1956–1960 Dartmouth College Masters in Finance
Jorge Illueca   Panama February–October 1984 Harvard University, University of Chicago 1955 (Law) [13]
Cheddi Jagan   Guyana 1992–1997 Howard University Dental School, and Northwestern University
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf   Liberia 2006–2018 Madison Business College, University of Colorado, Harvard University 1964 (BBA in Accounting from Madison), 1970 (economics diploma from Colorado), 1971 (Master of Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government)
Uhuru Kenyatta   Kenya 2013–2022 Amherst College 1985 (Political science)
William Lyon Mackenzie King   Canada 1921–1926, 1926–1930, 1935–1948 University of Chicago, Harvard University 1898 (MA in political economy from Harvard), 1909 (PhD from Harvard)
Ricardo Lagos   Chile 2000–2006 Duke University 1962 (PhD)
Hastings Banda   Malawi Prime Minister of Malawi (1964–1966), President of Malawi (1966–1994) University of Chicago Ph.B. 1931
José P. Laurel   Philippines 1943–1945 Yale University 1920 (Law)
Salvador Laurel [14]   Philippines February–March 1986 Yale University 1953 (LL.M.), 1960 (Law)
Lee Hsien Loong   Singapore 2004–present Harvard University 1980 MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Lee Teng-Hui   Republic of China 1988–2000 Iowa State University; Cornell University 1953 (Master's degree in agricultural economics); 1968 (PhD in agricultural economics)
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo   Philippines 2001–2010 Georgetown University attended 1964–1966
Golda Meir   Israel 1969–1974 Milwaukee State Normal School Graduate
Mireya Moscoso   Panama 1999–2004 Miami-Dade College Interior design diploma
Benjamin Netanyahu   Israel 1996–1999, 2009–2021, 2022–present Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University B.Sc in Architecture from MIT, MBA from MIT
Kwame Nkrumah   Ghana 1957–1966 Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), University of Pennsylvania 1939 (BA from Lincoln), 1942 (MS in Education from Penn), 1943 (MA in Philosophy from Penn)
Olof Palme   Sweden 1969–1976, 1982–1986 Kenyon College 1948 (BA)
Andreas Papandreou   Greece 1981–1989, 1993–1996 Harvard University 1943 (PhD in economics) [15]
Ernesto Pérez Balladares   Panama 1994–1999 University of Notre Dame, University of Pennsylvania 1969 (Masters in Economics from Notre Dame), 1970 (Masters in Marketing from Pennsylvania)
Fidel V. Ramos   Philippines 1992–1998 United States Military Academy, University of Illinois 1950 (West Point), 1951 (Master's degree in Civil Engineering from Illinois)
Syngman Rhee   South Korea 1948–1960 George Washington University, Harvard University, Princeton University 1907 (GWU), 1909 (MA from Harvard), 1910 (PhD in politics from Princeton) [16]
Joseph Jenkins Roberts   Liberia 1848–1856, 1872–1876 Norfolk Academy, Maury High School
Edward James Roye   Liberia 1870–1871 Ohio University
Carlos Salinas   Mexico 1988–1994 Harvard University 1973 (MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government), 1976 (master's in Political Economics), 1976 (PhD in Political Economics and Government)
Martín Torrijos   Panama 2004–2009

Texas A&M University

1987 (Political Science and Economics)
Pierre Trudeau   Canada 1968–1979

1980–1984

Harvard University

MA in Political Economy from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Alvaro Magaña   El Salvador 1982–1984 University of Chicago A.M 1955
José Napoleón Duarte   El Salvador 1984–1989 University of Notre Dame B.S. in Engineering 1948
Ma Ying-jeou   Republic of China 2008–2016 Harvard University PhD
Ernesto Zedillo   Mexico 1994–2000 Yale University PhD
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada   Bolivia 1993–1997, 2002–2003 University of Chicago 1952
Abdiweli Gaas   Somalia 2011–2012 Vanderbilt University, Harvard University, George Mason University MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero   Honduras 1990–1994 Mississippi State University B.S. and M.S. in agricultural economics
Mario Monti   Italy 2011–2013 Yale University M.Sc. in economics, 1968
Christopher Loeak   Marshall Islands 2011–2016 Portland Community College, [17] Hawaii Pacific College, Gonzaga University School of Law 1978 (Bachelor's from Hawaii Pacific), 1982 (JD from Gonzaga) [18]
José Ramón Guizado   Panama 1955 Vanderbilt University B.E., 1920
Jamil Mahuad   Equador 1998–2000 Harvard University 1989 (MPA Masters of Public Administration)

Notes

  1. ^ "Columbia University World Leaders Forum – José Manuel Ramos-Horta". Archived from the original on 2017-03-23. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  2. ^ "AEDE Alums Robert M. McClelland, Dr. Rodrigo A. Chaves and Joseph A. Shultz to be Honored by the CFAES Alumni Society". Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Florida State welcomes president of Botswana for official visit". 20 September 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  4. ^ "SALOMÉ ZOURABICHVILI A PORTRAIT AND EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW". 9 March 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  5. ^ "The Royal Family – The King". Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  6. ^ "A prince graduates". UPI. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
  7. ^ "World Leaders Forum – Columbia University". Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  8. ^ "Arnulfo Arias Biography". www.BookRags.com. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  9. ^ "Alum Elected President of Nicaragua By Wide Margin – Saint Louis University". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  10. ^ Esau, John (November 2012). "Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos Visits Delta Upsilon Chapter at the University of Kansas". Delta Upsilon Quarterly. 130 (4). Indianapolis, IN: Delta Upsilon fraternity: 38–39. OCLC  6644516. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  11. ^ Dole served as President of the Republic of Hawaii.
  12. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-07-20. Retrieved 2006-08-09.{{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link)
  13. ^ "JORGE E. ILLUECA – 38th Session". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  14. ^ Laurel served as head of government as Prime Minister for one month until the position was eliminated.
  15. ^ "Biographies". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  16. ^ "Syngman Rhee". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  17. ^ Loeak, Anono Lieom; Kiluwe, Veronica C.; Crowl, Linda (2004). Life in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Editorips@usp.ac.fj. ISBN  9789820203648. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  18. ^ Loeak, Anono Lieom; Kiluwe, Veronica C.; Crowl, Linda (2004). Life in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Editorips@usp.ac.fj. ISBN  9789820203648. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_educated_in_the_United_States&oldid=1234877726"

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