Part of a series on |
2016 Summer Olympics |
---|
As of 8 August 2016 [update] 11,491 athletes [1] were registered to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
All Olympic sports are signed up to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) code [2] which operates on a strict liability principle, whereby an athlete is strictly liable for any adverse analytical finding from their urine or blood samples. [3] Until 2015, the standard punishment for a first doping offence was two years suspension. For a second or subsequent offence, the standard punishment is between 8 years suspension and a lifetime ban. [4] From 2015 onwards, the standard suspension for an adverse finding involving an unspecified substance such as steroids and human growth hormone was increased to four years. [3]
In July 2016 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided, following the publication of the McLaren Report, that the eligibility of all Russian athletes to compete in the 2016 Olympics must be determined individually by each sport's governing body. [5] This decision was based on the findings about the Russian state-sponsored doping program. [6] Two athletes, swimmer Yuliya Yefimova and cyclist Olga Zabelinskaya, whose participation would not have been allowed under this ruling, was exceptionally allowed to compete by the IOC after their ban was deemed "unenforceable" by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. [7] At least 96 other athletes, representing 52 countries in 13 sports, who were registered to compete have previously been convicted of a doping offence.
Name | Country | Sport | Year of violation | Anti-doping rule violation | Sanction | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmad Hazer | Lebanon | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Metenolone) | 2 years | [8] [9] |
Alejandro Valverde Belmonte | Spain | Cycling | 2010 | Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method ( Operación Puerto) | 2 years | [10] [11] |
Alessandra Aguilar | Spain | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding | 3 months | [12] [13] |
Alexandr Spac | Moldova | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol, Methyltestosterone) | 2 years | [14] [15] |
Alexandr Zaichikov | Kazakhstan | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [16] |
Andrea Baldini | Italy | Fencing | 2008 | Adverse analytical finding ( Furosemide) | 6 months | [17] [18] |
Andreas Ostholt | Germany | Equestrian | 2005 | Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Hydroxy- lidocaine) | 1 month | [19] [20] |
Andrés Silva | Uruguay | Athletics | 2015 | Adverse analytical finding ( Androstane) | 6 months | [21] [22] |
Asafa Powell | Jamaica | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxilofrine) | 6 months | [23] [24] |
Bobby Lea | United States | Cycling | 2015 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxycodone) | 6 months | [25] [26] |
Briken Calja | Albania | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Androsterone) | 2 years | [15] [27] |
Bruno de Barros | Brazil | Athletics | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( rh-EPO) | 2 years | [28] [29] |
Christian Ahlmann | Germany | Equestrian | 2008 | Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Capsaicin) | 8 months | [30] [31] |
Christine Ohuruogu | Great Britain | Athletics | 2006 | Whereabouts non-compliance | 1 year | [32] [33] |
Damiano Caruso | Italy | Cycling | 2010 | Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method | 2 years (1 suspended) | [34] [35] |
Darya Pachabut | Belarus | Weightlifting | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [36] |
Daynara de Paula | Brazil | Swimming | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Furosemide) | 6 months | [37] [38] |
Denis Ulanov | Kazakhstan | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [39] |
Dimitrios Chondrokoukis | Cyprus | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [9] [40] |
Eric Lamaze | Canada | Equestrian | 1996 2000 |
Adverse analytical finding (
Cocaine) Adverse analytical finding ( Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Cocaine) |
7 months Warning |
[41] [42] |
Erik Tysse | Norway | Athletics | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( CERA) | 2 years | [43] [44] |
Esref Apak | Turkey | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [9] [45] |
Estela García | Spain | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Diuretic) | 2 years | [46] [47] |
Farkhad Kharki | Kazakhstan | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Metenolone) | 2 years | [15] [48] |
Femi Ogunode | Qatar | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Clenbuterol) | 2 years | [49] [50] |
Flávia Oliveira | Brazil | Cycling | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxilofrine) | 1 year and 6 months | [51] [52] |
Fränk Schleck | Luxembourg | Cycling | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Xipamide) | 1 year | [53] [54] |
Frédérick Bousquet | France | Swimming | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Heptaminol) | 2 months | [55] [56] |
Furkan Şen | Turkey | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone) | 2 years | [9] [57] |
Geno Petriashvili | Georgia | Wrestling | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Trimetazidine) | 6 months | [58] [59] |
Gladys Tejeda | Peru | Athletics | 2015 | Adverse analytical finding ( Furosemide) | 6 months | [60] [61] |
Gor Minasyan | Armenia | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Norandrosterone) | 2 years | [15] [62] |
Grégory Baugé | France | Cycling | 2010 | Whereabouts non-compliance | 1 year | [63] [64] |
Hamid Ezzine | Morocco | Athletics | 2009 | Refusal or failure to submit to doping control | 2 years | [65] [66] |
Hong Liu | China | Athletics | 2016 | Adverse analytical finding ( Higenamine) | 1 month | [67] [68] |
Hugo Parisi | Brazil | Diving | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Prednisolone) | 3 months | [69] [70] |
Inika Mcpherson | United States | Athletics | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Benzoylecgonine) | 1 year and 9 months | [71] [72] |
Iryna Dekha | Ukraine | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [73] |
Isabell Werth | Germany | Equestrian | 2009 2013 |
Adverse analytical finding – horse (
Fluphenazine) Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Cimetidine) |
1 year 6 months |
[74] [75] |
Ivan Emilianov | Moldova | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Metenolone, Stanozolol) | 2 years | [76] [77] |
Ivan Stević | Serbia | Cycling | 2008 | Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method ( Oil for Drugs) | 2 years | [78] [79] |
Ivan Tsikhan | Belarus | Athletics | 2004, 2005 (Retested 2012) 2008 |
Adverse analytical finding (
Methandienone,
Oxandrolone) Adverse analytical finding ( Testosterone) |
2 years Overturned on technicality but not exonerated |
[9] [80] [81] |
Jan Sterba | Czech Republic | Canoeing | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( β-Methylphenethylamine) | Warning | [82] [83] |
Jiří Orság | Czech Republic | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Tamoxifen) | 2 years | [15] [84] |
Justin Gatlin | United States | Athletics | 2001 2006 |
Adverse analytical finding (
Amphetamine) Adverse analytical finding ( Testosterone) |
2 years (Reinstated after 13 months) 4 years |
[85] [86] [87] |
Kuk Hyang Kim | North Korea | Weightlifting | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methyltestosterone, Methandriol) | 2 years | [15] [88] |
LaShawn Merritt | United States | Athletics | 2009–10 | Adverse analytical finding ( Dehydroepiandrosterone) | 1 year and 9 months | [89] [90] |
Laverne Jones-Ferrette | Virgin Islands | Athletics | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding | 6 months | [91] [92] |
Leevan Sands | Bahamas | Athletics | 2006 | Adverse analytical finding ( Levomethamphetamine) | 6 months | [93] [94] |
Luvo Manyonga | South Africa | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methamphetamine) | 1 year and 6 months | [95] [96] |
Mads Glaesner | Denmark | Swimming | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Levomethamphetamine) | 3 months | [97] [98] |
Man Asaad | Syria | Weightlifting | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Metandienone) | 2 years | [15] [99] |
Marcelo Melo | Brazil | Tennis | 2007 | Adverse analytical finding ( Isometheptene) | 2 months | [100] [101] |
Marin Čilić | Croatia | Tennis | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Nikethamide) | 4 months | [102] [103] |
Mariya Ryemyen | Ukraine | Athletics | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methandienone) | 2 years | [9] [104] |
Martina Hingis | Switzerland | Tennis | 2007 | Adverse analytical finding ( Benzoylecgonine) | 2 years | [105] [106] |
Meryem Erdoğan | Turkey | Athletics | 2012 | Athlete biological passport anomaly | 2 years | [77] [107] |
Michael Whitaker | Great Britain | Equestrian | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Altrenogest) | 4 months | [108] [109] |
Michal Balner | Czech Republic | Athletics | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Cannabis) | 1 month | [92] [110] |
Muminjon Abdullaev | Uzbekistan | Wrestling | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Nandrolone) | 2 years | [111] [112] |
Nataliia Lupu | Ukraine | Athletics | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexaneamine) | 9 months | [113] [114] |
Nicolas Maréchal | France | Volleyball | 2010 | Whereabouts non-compliance | 6 months | [115] [116] |
Nijat Rahimov | Kazakhstan | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxandrolone, Dehydromethyltestosterone) | 2 years | [15] [117] |
Ning Zetao | China | Swimming | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Clenbuterol) | 1 year | [118] [119] |
Oleksandr Pielieshenko | Ukraine | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [120] |
Ondrej Kružel | Slovakia | Weightlifting | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Drostanolone) | 2 years | [15] [121] |
Piotr Lisek | Poland | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 6 months | [122] [123] |
Rasa Drazdauskaitė | Lithuania | Athletics | 2003 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [124] [125] |
Rui Alberto Faria da Costa | Portugal | Cycling | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 5 months | [126] [127] |
Sandra Perković | Croatia | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 6 months | [128] [129] |
Sara Moreira | Portugal | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 6 months | [130] [131] |
Sara Ramadhani | Tanzania | Athletics | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Isometheptene) | 2 years | [114] [132] |
Semoy Hackett | Trinidad and Tobago | Athletics | 2011 2012 |
Adverse analytical finding (
Methylhexaneamine) Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexaneamine) |
6 months 2 years and 4 months |
[114] [133] [134] |
Shane Rose | Australia | Equestrian | 2007 | Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Pentobarbital) | 1 month | [135] [136] |
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce | Jamaica | Athletics | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxycodone) | 6 months | [137] [138] |
Sohrab Moradi | Iran | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methadone) | 2 years | [15] [139] |
Steven López | United States | Taekwondo | 2006 | Adverse analytical finding ( L-methamphetamine) | 3 months | [140] [141] |
Sukanya Srisurat | Thailand | Weightlifting | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methandienone) | 2 years | [15] [142] |
Tae-hwan Park | South Korea | Swimming | 2015 | Adverse analytical finding ( Testosterone) | 1 year and 6 months | [143] [144] |
Tahesia Harrigan-Scott | British Virgin Islands | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 6 months | [145] [146] |
Tameka Williams | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Athletics | 2012 | Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method Possession of a prohibited substance or method |
3 years | [9] [147] |
Tatsiana Sharakova | Belarus | Cycling | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Tuaminoheptane) | 1 year and 6 months | [148] [149] |
Tsholofelo Thipe | South Africa | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Norandrosterone, Testosterone) | 2 years | [114] [150] |
Tuğçe Şahutoğlu | Turkey | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [114] [151] |
Tyson Gay | United States | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding (Exogenous anabolic-androgenic steroid) | 1 year | [152] [153] |
Vânia Neves | Portugal | Swimming | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( Prednisone) | 2 years | [154] [155] |
Viktor Troicki | Serbia | Tennis | 2013 | Refusal or failure to submit to doping control | 1 year | [156] [157] |
Yang Sun | China | Swimming | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Trimetazidine) | 3 months | [158] [159] |
Yelena Ryabova | Turkmenistan | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone) | 2 years | [114] [160] |
Yelyzaveta Bryzgina | Ukraine | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Drostanolone) | 2 years | [114] [161] |
Yohan Blake | Jamaica | Athletics | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylxanthine) | 3 months | [162] [163] |
Yuri van Gelder | Netherlands | Gymnastics | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( Cocaine) | 1 year | [164] [165] |
Yulia Efimova | Russia | Swimming | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( 7-Keto-DHEA) | 1 year and 4 months | [166] [167] |
Olga Zabelinskaya | Russia | Cycling | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( octopamine) | 1 year and 6 months | [168] |
Yuliya Leantsiuk | Belarus | Athletics | 2008 | Adverse analytical finding ( Testosterone) | 2 years | [169] [170] |
Zalina Marghieva | Moldova | Athletics | 2009 (Retested 2013) | Adverse analytical finding ( Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone, Stanozolol) | 2 years | [114] [171] |
Zoltán Kővágó | Hungary | Athletics | 2012 | Refusal or failure to submit to doping control | 2 years | [9] [172] |
Part of a series on |
2016 Summer Olympics |
---|
As of 8 August 2016 [update] 11,491 athletes [1] were registered to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
All Olympic sports are signed up to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) code [2] which operates on a strict liability principle, whereby an athlete is strictly liable for any adverse analytical finding from their urine or blood samples. [3] Until 2015, the standard punishment for a first doping offence was two years suspension. For a second or subsequent offence, the standard punishment is between 8 years suspension and a lifetime ban. [4] From 2015 onwards, the standard suspension for an adverse finding involving an unspecified substance such as steroids and human growth hormone was increased to four years. [3]
In July 2016 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided, following the publication of the McLaren Report, that the eligibility of all Russian athletes to compete in the 2016 Olympics must be determined individually by each sport's governing body. [5] This decision was based on the findings about the Russian state-sponsored doping program. [6] Two athletes, swimmer Yuliya Yefimova and cyclist Olga Zabelinskaya, whose participation would not have been allowed under this ruling, was exceptionally allowed to compete by the IOC after their ban was deemed "unenforceable" by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. [7] At least 96 other athletes, representing 52 countries in 13 sports, who were registered to compete have previously been convicted of a doping offence.
Name | Country | Sport | Year of violation | Anti-doping rule violation | Sanction | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmad Hazer | Lebanon | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Metenolone) | 2 years | [8] [9] |
Alejandro Valverde Belmonte | Spain | Cycling | 2010 | Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method ( Operación Puerto) | 2 years | [10] [11] |
Alessandra Aguilar | Spain | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding | 3 months | [12] [13] |
Alexandr Spac | Moldova | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol, Methyltestosterone) | 2 years | [14] [15] |
Alexandr Zaichikov | Kazakhstan | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [16] |
Andrea Baldini | Italy | Fencing | 2008 | Adverse analytical finding ( Furosemide) | 6 months | [17] [18] |
Andreas Ostholt | Germany | Equestrian | 2005 | Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Hydroxy- lidocaine) | 1 month | [19] [20] |
Andrés Silva | Uruguay | Athletics | 2015 | Adverse analytical finding ( Androstane) | 6 months | [21] [22] |
Asafa Powell | Jamaica | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxilofrine) | 6 months | [23] [24] |
Bobby Lea | United States | Cycling | 2015 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxycodone) | 6 months | [25] [26] |
Briken Calja | Albania | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Androsterone) | 2 years | [15] [27] |
Bruno de Barros | Brazil | Athletics | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( rh-EPO) | 2 years | [28] [29] |
Christian Ahlmann | Germany | Equestrian | 2008 | Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Capsaicin) | 8 months | [30] [31] |
Christine Ohuruogu | Great Britain | Athletics | 2006 | Whereabouts non-compliance | 1 year | [32] [33] |
Damiano Caruso | Italy | Cycling | 2010 | Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method | 2 years (1 suspended) | [34] [35] |
Darya Pachabut | Belarus | Weightlifting | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [36] |
Daynara de Paula | Brazil | Swimming | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Furosemide) | 6 months | [37] [38] |
Denis Ulanov | Kazakhstan | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [39] |
Dimitrios Chondrokoukis | Cyprus | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [9] [40] |
Eric Lamaze | Canada | Equestrian | 1996 2000 |
Adverse analytical finding (
Cocaine) Adverse analytical finding ( Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Cocaine) |
7 months Warning |
[41] [42] |
Erik Tysse | Norway | Athletics | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( CERA) | 2 years | [43] [44] |
Esref Apak | Turkey | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [9] [45] |
Estela García | Spain | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Diuretic) | 2 years | [46] [47] |
Farkhad Kharki | Kazakhstan | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Metenolone) | 2 years | [15] [48] |
Femi Ogunode | Qatar | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Clenbuterol) | 2 years | [49] [50] |
Flávia Oliveira | Brazil | Cycling | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxilofrine) | 1 year and 6 months | [51] [52] |
Fränk Schleck | Luxembourg | Cycling | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Xipamide) | 1 year | [53] [54] |
Frédérick Bousquet | France | Swimming | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Heptaminol) | 2 months | [55] [56] |
Furkan Şen | Turkey | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone) | 2 years | [9] [57] |
Geno Petriashvili | Georgia | Wrestling | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Trimetazidine) | 6 months | [58] [59] |
Gladys Tejeda | Peru | Athletics | 2015 | Adverse analytical finding ( Furosemide) | 6 months | [60] [61] |
Gor Minasyan | Armenia | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Norandrosterone) | 2 years | [15] [62] |
Grégory Baugé | France | Cycling | 2010 | Whereabouts non-compliance | 1 year | [63] [64] |
Hamid Ezzine | Morocco | Athletics | 2009 | Refusal or failure to submit to doping control | 2 years | [65] [66] |
Hong Liu | China | Athletics | 2016 | Adverse analytical finding ( Higenamine) | 1 month | [67] [68] |
Hugo Parisi | Brazil | Diving | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Prednisolone) | 3 months | [69] [70] |
Inika Mcpherson | United States | Athletics | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Benzoylecgonine) | 1 year and 9 months | [71] [72] |
Iryna Dekha | Ukraine | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [73] |
Isabell Werth | Germany | Equestrian | 2009 2013 |
Adverse analytical finding – horse (
Fluphenazine) Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Cimetidine) |
1 year 6 months |
[74] [75] |
Ivan Emilianov | Moldova | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Metenolone, Stanozolol) | 2 years | [76] [77] |
Ivan Stević | Serbia | Cycling | 2008 | Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method ( Oil for Drugs) | 2 years | [78] [79] |
Ivan Tsikhan | Belarus | Athletics | 2004, 2005 (Retested 2012) 2008 |
Adverse analytical finding (
Methandienone,
Oxandrolone) Adverse analytical finding ( Testosterone) |
2 years Overturned on technicality but not exonerated |
[9] [80] [81] |
Jan Sterba | Czech Republic | Canoeing | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( β-Methylphenethylamine) | Warning | [82] [83] |
Jiří Orság | Czech Republic | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Tamoxifen) | 2 years | [15] [84] |
Justin Gatlin | United States | Athletics | 2001 2006 |
Adverse analytical finding (
Amphetamine) Adverse analytical finding ( Testosterone) |
2 years (Reinstated after 13 months) 4 years |
[85] [86] [87] |
Kuk Hyang Kim | North Korea | Weightlifting | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methyltestosterone, Methandriol) | 2 years | [15] [88] |
LaShawn Merritt | United States | Athletics | 2009–10 | Adverse analytical finding ( Dehydroepiandrosterone) | 1 year and 9 months | [89] [90] |
Laverne Jones-Ferrette | Virgin Islands | Athletics | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding | 6 months | [91] [92] |
Leevan Sands | Bahamas | Athletics | 2006 | Adverse analytical finding ( Levomethamphetamine) | 6 months | [93] [94] |
Luvo Manyonga | South Africa | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methamphetamine) | 1 year and 6 months | [95] [96] |
Mads Glaesner | Denmark | Swimming | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Levomethamphetamine) | 3 months | [97] [98] |
Man Asaad | Syria | Weightlifting | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Metandienone) | 2 years | [15] [99] |
Marcelo Melo | Brazil | Tennis | 2007 | Adverse analytical finding ( Isometheptene) | 2 months | [100] [101] |
Marin Čilić | Croatia | Tennis | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Nikethamide) | 4 months | [102] [103] |
Mariya Ryemyen | Ukraine | Athletics | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methandienone) | 2 years | [9] [104] |
Martina Hingis | Switzerland | Tennis | 2007 | Adverse analytical finding ( Benzoylecgonine) | 2 years | [105] [106] |
Meryem Erdoğan | Turkey | Athletics | 2012 | Athlete biological passport anomaly | 2 years | [77] [107] |
Michael Whitaker | Great Britain | Equestrian | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Altrenogest) | 4 months | [108] [109] |
Michal Balner | Czech Republic | Athletics | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Cannabis) | 1 month | [92] [110] |
Muminjon Abdullaev | Uzbekistan | Wrestling | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Nandrolone) | 2 years | [111] [112] |
Nataliia Lupu | Ukraine | Athletics | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexaneamine) | 9 months | [113] [114] |
Nicolas Maréchal | France | Volleyball | 2010 | Whereabouts non-compliance | 6 months | [115] [116] |
Nijat Rahimov | Kazakhstan | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxandrolone, Dehydromethyltestosterone) | 2 years | [15] [117] |
Ning Zetao | China | Swimming | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Clenbuterol) | 1 year | [118] [119] |
Oleksandr Pielieshenko | Ukraine | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [15] [120] |
Ondrej Kružel | Slovakia | Weightlifting | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Drostanolone) | 2 years | [15] [121] |
Piotr Lisek | Poland | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 6 months | [122] [123] |
Rasa Drazdauskaitė | Lithuania | Athletics | 2003 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [124] [125] |
Rui Alberto Faria da Costa | Portugal | Cycling | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 5 months | [126] [127] |
Sandra Perković | Croatia | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 6 months | [128] [129] |
Sara Moreira | Portugal | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 6 months | [130] [131] |
Sara Ramadhani | Tanzania | Athletics | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Isometheptene) | 2 years | [114] [132] |
Semoy Hackett | Trinidad and Tobago | Athletics | 2011 2012 |
Adverse analytical finding (
Methylhexaneamine) Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexaneamine) |
6 months 2 years and 4 months |
[114] [133] [134] |
Shane Rose | Australia | Equestrian | 2007 | Adverse analytical finding – horse ( Pentobarbital) | 1 month | [135] [136] |
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce | Jamaica | Athletics | 2010 | Adverse analytical finding ( Oxycodone) | 6 months | [137] [138] |
Sohrab Moradi | Iran | Weightlifting | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methadone) | 2 years | [15] [139] |
Steven López | United States | Taekwondo | 2006 | Adverse analytical finding ( L-methamphetamine) | 3 months | [140] [141] |
Sukanya Srisurat | Thailand | Weightlifting | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methandienone) | 2 years | [15] [142] |
Tae-hwan Park | South Korea | Swimming | 2015 | Adverse analytical finding ( Testosterone) | 1 year and 6 months | [143] [144] |
Tahesia Harrigan-Scott | British Virgin Islands | Athletics | 2011 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylhexanamine) | 6 months | [145] [146] |
Tameka Williams | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Athletics | 2012 | Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method Possession of a prohibited substance or method |
3 years | [9] [147] |
Tatsiana Sharakova | Belarus | Cycling | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Tuaminoheptane) | 1 year and 6 months | [148] [149] |
Tsholofelo Thipe | South Africa | Athletics | 2012 | Adverse analytical finding ( Norandrosterone, Testosterone) | 2 years | [114] [150] |
Tuğçe Şahutoğlu | Turkey | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Stanozolol) | 2 years | [114] [151] |
Tyson Gay | United States | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding (Exogenous anabolic-androgenic steroid) | 1 year | [152] [153] |
Vânia Neves | Portugal | Swimming | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( Prednisone) | 2 years | [154] [155] |
Viktor Troicki | Serbia | Tennis | 2013 | Refusal or failure to submit to doping control | 1 year | [156] [157] |
Yang Sun | China | Swimming | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( Trimetazidine) | 3 months | [158] [159] |
Yelena Ryabova | Turkmenistan | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone) | 2 years | [114] [160] |
Yelyzaveta Bryzgina | Ukraine | Athletics | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( Drostanolone) | 2 years | [114] [161] |
Yohan Blake | Jamaica | Athletics | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( Methylxanthine) | 3 months | [162] [163] |
Yuri van Gelder | Netherlands | Gymnastics | 2009 | Adverse analytical finding ( Cocaine) | 1 year | [164] [165] |
Yulia Efimova | Russia | Swimming | 2013 | Adverse analytical finding ( 7-Keto-DHEA) | 1 year and 4 months | [166] [167] |
Olga Zabelinskaya | Russia | Cycling | 2014 | Adverse analytical finding ( octopamine) | 1 year and 6 months | [168] |
Yuliya Leantsiuk | Belarus | Athletics | 2008 | Adverse analytical finding ( Testosterone) | 2 years | [169] [170] |
Zalina Marghieva | Moldova | Athletics | 2009 (Retested 2013) | Adverse analytical finding ( Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone, Stanozolol) | 2 years | [114] [171] |
Zoltán Kővágó | Hungary | Athletics | 2012 | Refusal or failure to submit to doping control | 2 years | [9] [172] |