The U.S. FAA lists factors of aircraft upset in the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid [1] [2] as follows:
- Turbulence causes:
- Systems anomalies:
- Flight instruments
- Autoflight systems
- Flight control and other anomalies
-
Pilot-Induced
- Instrument cross-check
- Adjusting attitude and power
- Inattention
- Distraction from primary cockpit duties
- Vertigo or spatial disorientation
- Pilot incapacitation
- Improper use of airplane automation
- Pilot techniques
- Pilot induced oscillation avoidance and recovery
- Combination causes:
- Swept-wing airplane fundamentals for pilots
- Flight dynamics
- Energy states
- Load factor (flight mechanics)
- Aerodynamic flight envelope
-
Aerodynamic causes:
- Angle of attack and stall
- Camber
- Control surface fundamentals
- Spoiler-type devices
- Trim
- Lateral and directional aerodynamic considerations
- Angle of sideslip
- Wing dihedral effects
- Pilot-commanded sideslip
- Crossover speed
- Static stability
- Maneuvering in pitch
- Mechanics of turning flight
- Lateral and directional maneuvering
- Flight at extremely low airspeeds
- High-altitude factors
- Stall
- icing
- Automation during high-altitude flight
- Primary flight display airspeed indications
- Human factors and high altitude upsets
- Additional considerations:
- Multi-engine flame out
- Core lock
- Engine rollback
- Flight at extremely high speeds
- Defensive, aggressive maneuvers
- Situation awareness
- Startle factor
- Negative G-force
- Use of full control inputs
- Counter-intuitive factors
- Previous training in non-similar airplanes
- Engine performance in upset situation
- Post-upset conditions
This article incorporates
public domain material from
Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid (PDF).
Federal Aviation Administration.
- ^ https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/media/AP_UpsetRecovery_Book.pdf U.S. FAA Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid, Revision 2, 443 pages, 25.8 M
- ^ Note: Partial text copied from referenced FAA or NASA document. As a public work of the U.S. Government, the document is in the public domain and has no copyright.
The U.S. FAA lists factors of aircraft upset in the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid [1] [2] as follows:
- Turbulence causes:
- Systems anomalies:
- Flight instruments
- Autoflight systems
- Flight control and other anomalies
-
Pilot-Induced
- Instrument cross-check
- Adjusting attitude and power
- Inattention
- Distraction from primary cockpit duties
- Vertigo or spatial disorientation
- Pilot incapacitation
- Improper use of airplane automation
- Pilot techniques
- Pilot induced oscillation avoidance and recovery
- Combination causes:
- Swept-wing airplane fundamentals for pilots
- Flight dynamics
- Energy states
- Load factor (flight mechanics)
- Aerodynamic flight envelope
-
Aerodynamic causes:
- Angle of attack and stall
- Camber
- Control surface fundamentals
- Spoiler-type devices
- Trim
- Lateral and directional aerodynamic considerations
- Angle of sideslip
- Wing dihedral effects
- Pilot-commanded sideslip
- Crossover speed
- Static stability
- Maneuvering in pitch
- Mechanics of turning flight
- Lateral and directional maneuvering
- Flight at extremely low airspeeds
- High-altitude factors
- Stall
- icing
- Automation during high-altitude flight
- Primary flight display airspeed indications
- Human factors and high altitude upsets
- Additional considerations:
- Multi-engine flame out
- Core lock
- Engine rollback
- Flight at extremely high speeds
- Defensive, aggressive maneuvers
- Situation awareness
- Startle factor
- Negative G-force
- Use of full control inputs
- Counter-intuitive factors
- Previous training in non-similar airplanes
- Engine performance in upset situation
- Post-upset conditions
This article incorporates
public domain material from
Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid (PDF).
Federal Aviation Administration.
- ^ https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/media/AP_UpsetRecovery_Book.pdf U.S. FAA Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid, Revision 2, 443 pages, 25.8 M
- ^ Note: Partial text copied from referenced FAA or NASA document. As a public work of the U.S. Government, the document is in the public domain and has no copyright.