Sufi saints or Wali (
Arabic: ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) played an instrumental role in spreading
Islam throughout the world.[1] In the traditional Islamic view, a saint is portrayed as someone "marked by [special] divine favor ... [and] holiness", and who is specifically "chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work
miracles."[2]
Ahmad Ghazali (1061 to 1123 or 1126, buried in
Qazvin, younger brother of the more famous Al-Ghazali, reasoned that as God is absolute beauty, to adore any object of beauty is to participate in a divine act of love)
Abu Bakr al-Aydarus (1447–1508, buried in
Aden, the patron saint of Aden, credited with introducing
Qadiri Sufism to Ethiopia and coffee to the Arab world)
Al-Hallaj (858–922, ashes scattered in the
Tigris, imprisoned and executed after requesting "O Muslims, save me from God" and declaring "I am the Truth")
Al-Qushayri (986–1072, buried in Nishapur, author who distinguished four layers of Quranic interpretation and defended the historical lineage of Sufism)
^Gibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (1986) [1st. pub. 1960]. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I (A-B) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69.
ISBN9004081143.
^originally compiled by Amir Hasan ʻAlāʼ Sijzī Dehlawī; English translation with introduction and historical annotation by Ziya-ul-Hasan Faruqi. (1996). Fawa'id Al-Fu'ad--Spiritual and Literary Discourses of Shaikh Nizammuddin Awliya. South Asia Books.
ISBN8124600422.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
^Gupta, M.G. (2000). Sarmad the Saint: Life and Works (Revised ed.). MG Publishers.
ISBN81-85532-32-X.
^Carl W. Ernst; Bruce B. Lawrence (2002). Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
ISBN1403960267.
^Tasadduq Husain (Jul–Aug 2002). "The Spiritual Journey of Dara Shukoh". Social Scientist. 30 (7/8): 54–66.
doi:
10.2307/3518151.
JSTOR3518151.
^DRAMK DURRANI (1989). "Central Asian Saints of Multan". Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar. {{
cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (
help)
^Lal, Mohan. (2006) Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. Vol. 5, Sahitya Akademi, Delhi, p. 3940.
ISBN81-260-1221-8
Sufi saints or Wali (
Arabic: ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) played an instrumental role in spreading
Islam throughout the world.[1] In the traditional Islamic view, a saint is portrayed as someone "marked by [special] divine favor ... [and] holiness", and who is specifically "chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work
miracles."[2]
Ahmad Ghazali (1061 to 1123 or 1126, buried in
Qazvin, younger brother of the more famous Al-Ghazali, reasoned that as God is absolute beauty, to adore any object of beauty is to participate in a divine act of love)
Abu Bakr al-Aydarus (1447–1508, buried in
Aden, the patron saint of Aden, credited with introducing
Qadiri Sufism to Ethiopia and coffee to the Arab world)
Al-Hallaj (858–922, ashes scattered in the
Tigris, imprisoned and executed after requesting "O Muslims, save me from God" and declaring "I am the Truth")
Al-Qushayri (986–1072, buried in Nishapur, author who distinguished four layers of Quranic interpretation and defended the historical lineage of Sufism)
^Gibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (1986) [1st. pub. 1960]. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I (A-B) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69.
ISBN9004081143.
^originally compiled by Amir Hasan ʻAlāʼ Sijzī Dehlawī; English translation with introduction and historical annotation by Ziya-ul-Hasan Faruqi. (1996). Fawa'id Al-Fu'ad--Spiritual and Literary Discourses of Shaikh Nizammuddin Awliya. South Asia Books.
ISBN8124600422.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
^Gupta, M.G. (2000). Sarmad the Saint: Life and Works (Revised ed.). MG Publishers.
ISBN81-85532-32-X.
^Carl W. Ernst; Bruce B. Lawrence (2002). Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
ISBN1403960267.
^Tasadduq Husain (Jul–Aug 2002). "The Spiritual Journey of Dara Shukoh". Social Scientist. 30 (7/8): 54–66.
doi:
10.2307/3518151.
JSTOR3518151.
^DRAMK DURRANI (1989). "Central Asian Saints of Multan". Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar. {{
cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (
help)
^Lal, Mohan. (2006) Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. Vol. 5, Sahitya Akademi, Delhi, p. 3940.
ISBN81-260-1221-8