Notable people from Moravia include:

• Karel Abraham (1990–), motorcycle racer

• Tomáš Baťa (1876–1932), entrepreneur, founder of Bata Shoes company
• Thomas J. Bata (1914–2008), entrepreneur, son of Tomáš Baťa and former head of the Bata shoe company
• Otakar Borůvka (1899–1995), mathematician, publisher of Borůvka's algorithm
• Zdeněk Burian (1905–1981), painter, book illustrator, paleontology reconstructor

• Miroslav Donutil (1951–), actor

• Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst (1814–1865), violinist

• Emil Filla (1882–1930), painter
• Rudolf Firkušný (1912–1994), pianist
• Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), father of psychoanalysis
• Bohuslav Fuchs (1895–1972), modernist architect

• Anna Rosina Gambold (1762–1821), missionary and diarist
• Kurt Gödel (1906–1978), theoretical mathematician

• Hugo Haas (1901–1968), film actor, director and writer
• Anton Hanak (1875–1934), sculptor
• Stefan von Haschenperg, (floruit 1540s), military engineer in England
• Dagmar Havlová (1953–), actress and former First Lady of the Czech Republic (1997–2003)
• Josef Hoffmann (1870–1956), architect
• Bohumil Hrabal (1914–1997), writer
• Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), philosopher

• Markéta Irglová (1988–), songwriter, musician, singer

• Leoš Janáček (1854–1928), composer
• Maria Jeritza (1887–1982), soprano
• Jobst of Moravia (Jodok of Luxemburg) (1351–1411), King of the Romans (antiking), margrave of Moravia

• Georg Joseph Kamel (1661–1701), botanist, Jesuit missionary
• Jan Keller (1955–), sociologist
• Antonín Kohout (1919–2013), cellist, member of the Smetana Quartet
• Luboš Kohoutek (1935–), astronomer
• John Amos Comenius (1592–1670), educator and theologian
• Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897–1957), film music composer
• Leon Koudelak (1961–), guitarist
• Magdalena Kožená (1973–), mezzo-soprano
• Karel Kryl (1944–1994), popular musician and songwriter, critic of the communism in Czechoslovakia
• Ernst Křenek (1900–1991), composer
• Otakar Kubín (1883–1969), avant-garde painter
• Milan Kundera (1929–2023), writer

• Ivan Lendl (1960–), tennis player
• Adolf Loos (1870–1933), architect, author of essay Ornament and Crime

• Ernst Mach (1838–1916), physicist and philosopher
• Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850–1937), philosopher and politician, first president of Czechoslovakia
• Christian Mayer (1719–1783), astronomer
• Jan Milíč z Kroměříže, religious reformer
• Mojmir I of Moravia, first known ruler
• Mojmir II of Moravia, last known ruler
• Alfons Mucha (1860–1939), painter
• Vladimír Menšík (1929–1988), popular actor and entertainer

• František Palacký (1798–1876), historian and politician
• Franz Petrasch (1744–1820) general officer in the Habsburg military
• Anton Pilgram (1450–1516), architect, sculptor and woodcarver
• George Placzek (1905–1955), physicist, participant in Manhattan Project
• Bolek Polívka (1949–), actor, mime, playwright and screenwriter
• Georg Prochaska (1749–1820), ophthalmologist and physiologist

• King Rastislav of Moravia
• Karl Renner (1870–1950), politician, co-founder of Friends of Nature movement

• Emilie Schindler (1907–2001), Sudeten German humanitarian, wife of Oskar Schindler
• Oskar Schindler (1908–1974), Sudeten German entrepreneur, known for saving the lives of almost 1,200 Jews during WWII
• Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), economist and political scientist
• Peter Sís (1949–), illustrator, animator and writer
• Jan Skácel (1922–1989), poet
• Duke Slavomir of Moravia, leader of Moravia around 871
• Leo Slezak (1873–1946), operatic tenor
• John Sobieslaw of Moravia (1352–1394), Patriarch of Aquileia
• Františka Stránecká (1839–1888), writer and folklore collector
• Tom Stoppard (1937–), British playwright
• King Svatopluk I of Moravia (c. 840–894), ruler of Great Moravia
• Svatopluk II (c. 884–906), Moravian prince of Nitra
• Ludvík Svoboda (1895–1979), General of I Czechoslovak Army Corps, seventh president of Czechoslovakia
• Jan Syrový (1888–1970), general, politician

• Anna Ticho (1894–1980), Israeli artist
• Miroslav Tichý (1926–2011), photographer
• Pavel Tichý (1936–1994), logician, philosopher
• František Tomášek (1899–1992), Archbishop of Prague
• Ivana Trump (1949–2022), fashion model, TV presenter
• Ernst Tugendhat (1930–2023), German philosopher

• Pavel Vranický (1756–1808), classical composer

• Jan Eskymo Welzl (1868–1948), globetrotter and gold-digger, chief of the Siberian Yupik peoples
• Otto Wichterle (1913–1998), chemist, inventor of contact lenses
• Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčkova (1868–1915), women's education and women's rights activist

• Emil Zátopek (1922–2000), long-distance runner, 4 times Olympic winner