Lessepsian migrants, named after
Ferdinand de Lesseps, the
French engineer in charge of the
Suez Canal's construction, are marine species that are native to the waters on one side of the Suez Canal, and which have been
introduced by passage through the canal to the waters on its other side, giving rise to new colonies there and often becoming
invasive.
Most Lessepsian migrations are of
Red Sea species invading the
Mediterranean Sea; few occur in the opposite direction.
Red Sea species to Mediterranean Sea
The year given denotes the first record in the Mediterranean (often distinct from the year of publication).
^E. Tortones (1953). "Gli Echinodermi viventi presso le coste dello Stato di Israele. (Mar di Levante, Golfo di Elath)". Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino. 4 (4): 39–72.
^
abcdefghiBarash, A.; Z. Danin (1973). "The Indo-Pacific species of Mollusca in the Mediterranean and notes on a collection from the Suez Canal". Israel Journal of Zoology. 21 (3–4): 301–374. Summarised at
"OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database". Academy of Natural Sciences. May 17, 2006. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
^Gat G. (1993). "Flabellina rubrolineata (O'Donoghue) and Phidiana indica (Bergh) (Nudibranchia: Aeolidioidea), two new Lessepsian immigrants in the Eastern Mediterranean". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 59 (1): 120.
doi:
10.1093/mollus/59.1.120-a.
^Cem Dalyan; Emre Yemisken; L. Eryılmaz (2012). "A new record of gaper (Champsodon capensis Regan, 1908) in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 28 (5): 834–835.
Bibcode:
2012JApIc..28..834D.
doi:
10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02019.x.
^D. Golani; L. Orsi-Relini; E. Massuti; J. P. Quignard; J. Dulcic; E. Azzurro (2013). "Acceleration of Fish Invasions in the Mediterranean - A Future Sea Change". Rapport du 40e Congres de la CIESM [40th CIESM Congress Proceedings]. Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranée. p. 601.
^Shevy Bat-Sheva Rothman; Nir Stern; Menachem Goren (2016). "First record of the Indo-Pacific areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) in the Mediterranean Sea". Zootaxa. 4067 (3): 479–483.
doi:
10.11646/zootaxa.4067.4.7.
PMID27395890.
^John E. Randall (1995). Coastal Fishes of Oman. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
ISBN978-0-8248-1808-1.
^Hiromu Suzuki; Seishi Kimura (2017). "Taxonomic revision of the Equulites elongatus (Günther 1874) species group (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) with the description of a new species". Ichthyological Research. 64 (3): 339–352.
Bibcode:
2017IchtR..64..339S.
doi:
10.1007/s10228-017-0572-9.
S2CID18329072.
^Mehmet Gögkoğlu; Türker Bodur; Yasemin Kaya (2003). "First Record of Red Sea Bannerfish (Heniochus intermedius Steindachner, 1893) From The Mediterranean Sea". Israel Journal of Zoology. 43 (4): 324–325.
doi:
10.1560/016E-U41T-H5KQ-6F9U.
^Bella S. Galil (2000). "Lessepsian immigration: Human impact on Leventine Biogeography". In J. Carel von Vaupel Klein (ed.). The Biodiversity Crisis and Crustacea - Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress Crustacean Issues. CRC Press. pp. 50–51.
^B. S. Galil (November 6, 2006).
"Marsupenaeus japonicus"(PDF). Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe.
doi:
10.15468/ybwd3x. Archived from
the original(PDF) on December 1, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
^B. S. Galil (November 5, 2006).
"Rhopilema nomadica"(PDF). Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe.
doi:
10.15468/ybwd3x. Archived from
the original(PDF) on August 12, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
^Russell, Barry; Golani, Daniel; Yaron, Tikochinski (2015). "Saurida lessepsianus a new species of lizardfish (Pisces: Synodontidae) from the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea, with a key to Saurida species in the Red Sea". Zootaxa. 3956 (4): 559.
doi:
10.11646/zootaxa.3956.4.7.
PMID26248939.
^Golani, D.; R. Fricke; Y. Tikochinski (2013). "Sillago suezensis, a new whiting from the northern Red Sea, and status of Sillago erythraea Cuvier (Teleostei: Sillaginidae)". Journal of Natural History. 48 (7–8)): 413–428.
doi:
10.1080/00222933.2013.800609.
S2CID85324535.
^Spanier E., Goren M. (1988). "An Indo-Pacific trunkfish Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus): first record of the family Ostracionidae in the Mediterranean". Journal of Fish Biology. 32 (5): 797–798.
Bibcode:
1988JFBio..32..797S.
doi:
10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05420.x.
^Maria Corsini; Panagiotis Margies; Gerasimos Kondilatos; Panos S. Economidis (2005). "Lessepsian migration of fishes to the Aegean Sea: First record of Tylerius spinosissimus (Tetraodontidae) from the Mediterranean, and six more fish records from Rhodes". Cybium (in French). 29 (4): 347–354.
Dulcic, J. and A. Pallaoro (2003). Lessepsian Fish Migrants Reported in the East Adriatic Sea: An Annotated List, Ser. hist. nat..
Golani, D. (1998). Impact of Red Sea Fish Migrants through the Suez Canal on the Aquatic Environment of the Eastern Mediterranean, Yale FE&S Bulletin 103.
Tortonese E (1966). "Echinoderms from the coast of Lebanon". Misc Pap Nat Sci Am Univ Beirut. 5: 2–5.
Lessepsian migrants, named after
Ferdinand de Lesseps, the
French engineer in charge of the
Suez Canal's construction, are marine species that are native to the waters on one side of the Suez Canal, and which have been
introduced by passage through the canal to the waters on its other side, giving rise to new colonies there and often becoming
invasive.
Most Lessepsian migrations are of
Red Sea species invading the
Mediterranean Sea; few occur in the opposite direction.
Red Sea species to Mediterranean Sea
The year given denotes the first record in the Mediterranean (often distinct from the year of publication).
^E. Tortones (1953). "Gli Echinodermi viventi presso le coste dello Stato di Israele. (Mar di Levante, Golfo di Elath)". Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino. 4 (4): 39–72.
^
abcdefghiBarash, A.; Z. Danin (1973). "The Indo-Pacific species of Mollusca in the Mediterranean and notes on a collection from the Suez Canal". Israel Journal of Zoology. 21 (3–4): 301–374. Summarised at
"OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database". Academy of Natural Sciences. May 17, 2006. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
^Gat G. (1993). "Flabellina rubrolineata (O'Donoghue) and Phidiana indica (Bergh) (Nudibranchia: Aeolidioidea), two new Lessepsian immigrants in the Eastern Mediterranean". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 59 (1): 120.
doi:
10.1093/mollus/59.1.120-a.
^Cem Dalyan; Emre Yemisken; L. Eryılmaz (2012). "A new record of gaper (Champsodon capensis Regan, 1908) in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 28 (5): 834–835.
Bibcode:
2012JApIc..28..834D.
doi:
10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02019.x.
^D. Golani; L. Orsi-Relini; E. Massuti; J. P. Quignard; J. Dulcic; E. Azzurro (2013). "Acceleration of Fish Invasions in the Mediterranean - A Future Sea Change". Rapport du 40e Congres de la CIESM [40th CIESM Congress Proceedings]. Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranée. p. 601.
^Shevy Bat-Sheva Rothman; Nir Stern; Menachem Goren (2016). "First record of the Indo-Pacific areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) in the Mediterranean Sea". Zootaxa. 4067 (3): 479–483.
doi:
10.11646/zootaxa.4067.4.7.
PMID27395890.
^John E. Randall (1995). Coastal Fishes of Oman. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
ISBN978-0-8248-1808-1.
^Hiromu Suzuki; Seishi Kimura (2017). "Taxonomic revision of the Equulites elongatus (Günther 1874) species group (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) with the description of a new species". Ichthyological Research. 64 (3): 339–352.
Bibcode:
2017IchtR..64..339S.
doi:
10.1007/s10228-017-0572-9.
S2CID18329072.
^Mehmet Gögkoğlu; Türker Bodur; Yasemin Kaya (2003). "First Record of Red Sea Bannerfish (Heniochus intermedius Steindachner, 1893) From The Mediterranean Sea". Israel Journal of Zoology. 43 (4): 324–325.
doi:
10.1560/016E-U41T-H5KQ-6F9U.
^Bella S. Galil (2000). "Lessepsian immigration: Human impact on Leventine Biogeography". In J. Carel von Vaupel Klein (ed.). The Biodiversity Crisis and Crustacea - Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress Crustacean Issues. CRC Press. pp. 50–51.
^B. S. Galil (November 6, 2006).
"Marsupenaeus japonicus"(PDF). Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe.
doi:
10.15468/ybwd3x. Archived from
the original(PDF) on December 1, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
^B. S. Galil (November 5, 2006).
"Rhopilema nomadica"(PDF). Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe.
doi:
10.15468/ybwd3x. Archived from
the original(PDF) on August 12, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
^Russell, Barry; Golani, Daniel; Yaron, Tikochinski (2015). "Saurida lessepsianus a new species of lizardfish (Pisces: Synodontidae) from the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea, with a key to Saurida species in the Red Sea". Zootaxa. 3956 (4): 559.
doi:
10.11646/zootaxa.3956.4.7.
PMID26248939.
^Golani, D.; R. Fricke; Y. Tikochinski (2013). "Sillago suezensis, a new whiting from the northern Red Sea, and status of Sillago erythraea Cuvier (Teleostei: Sillaginidae)". Journal of Natural History. 48 (7–8)): 413–428.
doi:
10.1080/00222933.2013.800609.
S2CID85324535.
^Spanier E., Goren M. (1988). "An Indo-Pacific trunkfish Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus): first record of the family Ostracionidae in the Mediterranean". Journal of Fish Biology. 32 (5): 797–798.
Bibcode:
1988JFBio..32..797S.
doi:
10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05420.x.
^Maria Corsini; Panagiotis Margies; Gerasimos Kondilatos; Panos S. Economidis (2005). "Lessepsian migration of fishes to the Aegean Sea: First record of Tylerius spinosissimus (Tetraodontidae) from the Mediterranean, and six more fish records from Rhodes". Cybium (in French). 29 (4): 347–354.
Dulcic, J. and A. Pallaoro (2003). Lessepsian Fish Migrants Reported in the East Adriatic Sea: An Annotated List, Ser. hist. nat..
Golani, D. (1998). Impact of Red Sea Fish Migrants through the Suez Canal on the Aquatic Environment of the Eastern Mediterranean, Yale FE&S Bulletin 103.
Tortonese E (1966). "Echinoderms from the coast of Lebanon". Misc Pap Nat Sci Am Univ Beirut. 5: 2–5.