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Lewin Louis Aronsohn
Louis Aronsohn
Member of the town council of Bromberg
In office
1878–1890
Member of the magistrate of Bromberg
In office
1890–1918
Member of the Landtag of the Province of Posen
Member of the Prussian House of Representatives
In office
1903–1918
Constituency Wirsitz (Wyrzysk) – Bromberg, town and district (Bydgoszcz)
Prussian Constitutional Assembly
In office
1919–1921
Personal details
Born(1850-10-18)18 October 1850
Wissek, Prussian Province of Posen (Wysoka, Poland)
Died1928(1928-00-00) (aged 77–78)
Berlin, Weimar Germany
Political party Free-minded People's Party (Germany)
Progressive People's Party (Germany)
German Democratic Party
Occupationbanker
Awards Order of the Red Eagle Fourth Class (1902) Order of the Crown (Prussia) Third Class (1912)

Lewin Louis Aronsohn (1850–1928) was a German banker of Jewish origin. As a liberal politician, he was a member of the regional parliament of the Province of Posen (nowadays Poznań), the Prussian House of Representatives and the Prussian Constitutional Assembly. In 1918, he has been given the title of Honorary Citizen of Bydgoszcz.

Life

Louis Aronsohn was born on October 18, 1850, in Wissek (today's Wysoka) then in the Province of Posen (today's Piła County). He was the son of Hirsch Aronsohn and Julianna née Kleszewska. His father was a land trader while managing the family estate of Mamlicz, near Żnin. [1]

The Aronsohn family came to Bromberg ( Bydgoszcz) in 1864. Here, Lewin Aronsohn attended primary school and then a vocational school. Afterwards, Louis worked at his father's side and learned the business of real estate. When his father passed away in 1876, he inherited the Mamlicz estate and his father's capital, and started yield a profit out of it. [1]

In Bydgoszcz, Louis and his family lived successively at:

Local government

In 1878, at the age of 28, Lewis entered the City Council and remained its member continuously until 1890. He was also appointed to the magistrate as an unpaid councillor and kept the position till October 18, 1918, when he resigned from the office and left his municipal functions.

During this 40-year period, Aronsohn hold various seats as an administration officials in the city administration. His activities were related to several domains:

  • assessment and collection of local government taxes (1890-1891);
  • management of the municipal gasworks (1890-1893) at today's 42 Jagiellońska Street;
  • supervision of the market and the City Slaughterhouse (1894-1918), also in Jagiellońska Street (then Wilhelmstraße);
  • control of municipal real estate transactions (1903-1910);
  • administrator of the water tower (from 1894);
  • curator of the municipal depository (1897-1899).

Furthermore, in 1910, he supervised the matters of the maintenance of the city sluices, newly acquired by the local authorities.

Louis Aronsohn initiated of the crzation of a high-level commercial school in Bromberg/Bydgoszcz. To this end, he negotiated with the president of the government regiony, Christoph von Tiedemann, gaining his support.

On December 29, 1899, he received the rank of "commercial counselor" and was promoted to "secret commercial counsellor" on January 8, 1908.

Political activity

In the political arena, Aronsohn joined the Free-thinking People's Party ( German: Freisinnige Volkspartei): he chaired its local city club. Under the "Freisinnige Volkspartei" flag, he successfully participated in the elections for the Prussian House of Representatives in 1903, 1908 and 1913, as a representative of the Bydgoszcz-Wyrzysk district. [3] In 1910, he joined the nascent Progressive People's Party.

He had been regularly criticizing the policy of the Prussian Settlement Commission, which bought Polish estates in the Provinces of Posen and West Prussia: from his point of view, this scheme provided Poles the financial means to settle in towns. [4] In April 1914, he unsuccessfully suggested to use a restrictive clause for the government aid of home ownership in order to exclude Poles from the funding. [5]

His Jewish origin was often looked down at by the national liberals.

Business activities

In 1892, Lewin Aronsohn founded the "Bank M. Stadthagen", which soon became one of the most successful bank in the city. As a financier and banker, he enjoyed the reputation of a brilliant and capable businessman. Thanks to his network, he could find support for projects among the bankers in Berlin, Königsberg and even from his connections at the Reichsbank. [1]

From 1880 onwards, he was a member of the board of the "Bydgoszcz Chamber of Commerce". In 1891, he was elected as its deputy chairman and in 1915, he became the last chairman of the association, until 1918.[ citation needed]

Aronsohn was also the founder, on August 29, 1891, of the Bromberger Schleppschiffahrt Aktien Gesellschaft, future Bydgoszcz Shipping and Towing joint-stock Company (today "Żegluga Bydgoska"). The main shareholders were: Louis, Heinrich Dietz and other city councilors (Fritz Kleindienst, Karl Wenzel and Emil Werckmeister). [6] He was also a member of the supervisory board of the company. [6]

Social and culture

In 1881, Aronsohn became the chairman of the Jewish religious community in Bromberg. [7] As such, he reinvigorated the construction project of a new synagogue in the city: [8] the foundation stone was laid on October 21, 1882, and the edifice was solemnly consecrated on September 9, 1884. [9]

In the same year, he entered the local Riflemen's Association; in 1903, he was its senior member. [10]

Furthermore, Louis participated to other associations: [10]

  • the Historical Society of the Netze District (1885);
  • the treasurer of the board of the "German Society of Art and Science in Bydgoszcz" ( Polish: Niemieckie Towarzystwo Sztuki i Nauki w Bydgoszczy), from December 1, 1902.

He was active in projects dealing with very diverse domains: natural science, art, singing, engineering or literature.

Philanthropy

His considerable fortune enabled Aronsohn to engage in philanthropic activities. [10]

He donated a plot of land to the city for the construction of a care and education facility for small children, ( German: "Kleinkinderbewahranstalt") [11] completed in 1910. [12]

He financed the construction of the monument to German Emperor William I, [13] which stood on Plac Wolności till 1919.

He additionally founded the monument "The Archer", designed by Ferdinand Lepcke: it was unveiled on October 18, 1910, on his 60th birthday. [14] It is now one of the symbols of Bydgoszcz.

Aronsohn's last donation to the city amounted to German Mark 100,000: it was intended to cover the costs of building an indoor swimming pool. However, the project was never implemented, due to the end of WWI and the consequent return of Bydgoszcz to the newly independent Polish territory.

Last years

On May 23, 1918, Aronsohn left Bydgoszcz and settled in the Weimar Republic, as he opposed the incorporation of Bromberg into Poland. In 1919, he was elected a member of the Prussian National Assembly for the German Democratic Party. [15]

He died in Berlin in 1928.

The " Villa Aronsohn", preserved to this day, is the seat of the Municipal Housing Administration in Bydgoszcz. [10]

Family

In 1875, Lewin Louis Aronsohn married Doris née Bresch, Doris Zieliński by her first marriage.

They had one daughter, Julia, born in 1876 in Bydgoszcz. She married Mr. Meyer and moved to Aachen on May 2, 1899. [10]

Awards and commemoration

  • Order of the Red Eagle, 4th Class (1902); [10]
  • Order of the Crown (Prussia) 3rd Class (1912); [10]
  • On October 17, 1918, the city council of Bromberg passed a resolution on granting Lewin Louis Aronsohn the title of Honorary Citizen of the City. For him, it was the culmination of nearly 40 years of work for his town. Aronsohn was the last person to be given such a title during the Prussian history of Bydgoszcz. [16]

Since its thorough restoration in 1995, [17] the "Villa Aronsohn" has been housing the seat of the Municipal Housing Administration in Bydgoszcz ( Polish: Administracja Domów Miejskich "ADM"). [18]

Gallery

  • The Archer (1920)
    The Archer (1920)
  • The Archer (current location in Bydgoszcz)
    The Archer (current location in Bydgoszcz)
  • Monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I (destroyed)
    Monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I (destroyed)
  • Villa Aronsohn today
    Villa Aronsohn today
  • Bromberg Synagogue
    Bromberg Synagogue

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Pacyn, an (2 September 2011). "Lewin Louis Aronsohn ? twórca symbolu miasta, filantrop, rajca oraz poseł". bydgoszcz24.pl. bydgoszcz24. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  2. ^ MIESZKANIOWY GOLIAT. Kalendarz Bydgoski (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. 2007. pp. 104–105.
  3. ^ Mann, Bernhard; Doerry, Martin; Rauh, Cornelia; Kühne, Thomas (1988). Biographisches Handbuch für das Preußische Abgeordnetenhaus (Handbücher zur Geschichte des Parlamentarismus und der politischen Parteien, Band 3) (in German). Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag. p. 50. ISBN  3-7700-5146-7.
  4. ^ Wenzel, Stefi (1967). Jüdische Bürger und kommunale Selbstverwaltung in preußischen Städten 1808-1848 (in German). Berlin: Friedrich Meinicke Institut der Freien Universität Berlin. p. 170. ISBN  9783110835380.
  5. ^ Hamburger, Ernest (1968). Juden im öffentlichen Leben Deutschlands: Regierungsmitglieder, Beamte und Parlamentarier in der monarchischen Zeit 1846-1918 (in German). Tübingen: Leo Baeck Institute. p. 373. ISBN  3-1682-9292-3.
  6. ^ a b Szcząchor, Arleta (2004). Tradycje Żeglugi Bydgoskiej – Lloyd Bydgoski 1891-1945. Kronika Bydgoska XXV. Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy-Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. pp. 76–103.
  7. ^ Biegański, Zdzisław (1998). MATERIAŁY DO HISTORII MNIEJSZOŚCI ŻYDOWSKIEJ W BYDGOSZCZY W ZBIORACH ARCHIWUM W MOSKWIE. Kronika Bydgoska XX. Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy-Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. p. 166.
  8. ^ Osiński, Krzysztof (22 July 2017). "Po bydgoskiej synagodze zostało niewiele". tygodnikbydgoski.pl. tygodnikbydgoski. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  9. ^ Derkowska-Kostkowska, Bogna (1996). Przyczynki do dziejów budowli żydowskich w Bydgoszczy. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia dokumentacji i popularyzacji zabytków wojewódzkiego ośrodka kultury w Bydgoszczy. pp. 62–64. ISBN  3-7700-5146-7.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Aronsohn Lewin Louis". sztetl.org.pl. POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews. 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  11. ^ Szcząchor, Arleta (2004). Szkolnictwo żeńskie w Bydgoszczy w okresie zaboru pruskiego. Kronika Bydgoska XXXIX (PDF). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy-Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. pp. 43–83.
  12. ^ Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen Adressbuch nebst Allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg mit Vororten für das Jahr 1910. Bromberg: A. Dittmann. 1910. p. 92.
  13. ^ Dyroff, Stefan (2007). Erinnerungskultur im deutsch-polnischen Kontaktbereich: Bromberg und der Nordosten der Provinz Posen (Wojewodschaft Poznan) 1871-1939 (in German). Fibre. p. 278. ISBN  978-3938400203.
  14. ^ Umiński, Janusz (1999). Ulica 20 Stycznia 1920 roku. Kalendarz Bydgoski (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 209–217.
  15. ^ "Skulptur der Bogenschützin". visitbydgoszcz.pl. Bydgoskie Centrum Informacji. 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  16. ^ "Honorowi Obywatele Bydgoszczy". bydgoszcz.pl. Miasto Bydgoszcz. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  17. ^ dss (5 January 2016). "Dawna willa Aronsohna już w pełni blasku". bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl. Agora SA. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  18. ^ Bręczewska-Kulesza Daria, Derkowska-Kostkowska Bogna, Wysocka A. (2003). Ulica Gdańska. Przewodnik historyczny. Bydgoszcz: Wojewódzki Ośrodek Kultury w Bydgoszczy. ISBN  8386970103.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)

Bibliography

  • (in Polish) Błażejewski, Stanisław; Kutta, Janusz; Romaniuk, Marek (1994). Bydgoski Słownik Biograficzny. Tom I. Bydgoszcz: Kujawsko-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne. pp. 19–20.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Lewin_Louis_Aronsohn&oldid=1187120167"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lewin Louis Aronsohn
Louis Aronsohn
Member of the town council of Bromberg
In office
1878–1890
Member of the magistrate of Bromberg
In office
1890–1918
Member of the Landtag of the Province of Posen
Member of the Prussian House of Representatives
In office
1903–1918
Constituency Wirsitz (Wyrzysk) – Bromberg, town and district (Bydgoszcz)
Prussian Constitutional Assembly
In office
1919–1921
Personal details
Born(1850-10-18)18 October 1850
Wissek, Prussian Province of Posen (Wysoka, Poland)
Died1928(1928-00-00) (aged 77–78)
Berlin, Weimar Germany
Political party Free-minded People's Party (Germany)
Progressive People's Party (Germany)
German Democratic Party
Occupationbanker
Awards Order of the Red Eagle Fourth Class (1902) Order of the Crown (Prussia) Third Class (1912)

Lewin Louis Aronsohn (1850–1928) was a German banker of Jewish origin. As a liberal politician, he was a member of the regional parliament of the Province of Posen (nowadays Poznań), the Prussian House of Representatives and the Prussian Constitutional Assembly. In 1918, he has been given the title of Honorary Citizen of Bydgoszcz.

Life

Louis Aronsohn was born on October 18, 1850, in Wissek (today's Wysoka) then in the Province of Posen (today's Piła County). He was the son of Hirsch Aronsohn and Julianna née Kleszewska. His father was a land trader while managing the family estate of Mamlicz, near Żnin. [1]

The Aronsohn family came to Bromberg ( Bydgoszcz) in 1864. Here, Lewin Aronsohn attended primary school and then a vocational school. Afterwards, Louis worked at his father's side and learned the business of real estate. When his father passed away in 1876, he inherited the Mamlicz estate and his father's capital, and started yield a profit out of it. [1]

In Bydgoszcz, Louis and his family lived successively at:

Local government

In 1878, at the age of 28, Lewis entered the City Council and remained its member continuously until 1890. He was also appointed to the magistrate as an unpaid councillor and kept the position till October 18, 1918, when he resigned from the office and left his municipal functions.

During this 40-year period, Aronsohn hold various seats as an administration officials in the city administration. His activities were related to several domains:

  • assessment and collection of local government taxes (1890-1891);
  • management of the municipal gasworks (1890-1893) at today's 42 Jagiellońska Street;
  • supervision of the market and the City Slaughterhouse (1894-1918), also in Jagiellońska Street (then Wilhelmstraße);
  • control of municipal real estate transactions (1903-1910);
  • administrator of the water tower (from 1894);
  • curator of the municipal depository (1897-1899).

Furthermore, in 1910, he supervised the matters of the maintenance of the city sluices, newly acquired by the local authorities.

Louis Aronsohn initiated of the crzation of a high-level commercial school in Bromberg/Bydgoszcz. To this end, he negotiated with the president of the government regiony, Christoph von Tiedemann, gaining his support.

On December 29, 1899, he received the rank of "commercial counselor" and was promoted to "secret commercial counsellor" on January 8, 1908.

Political activity

In the political arena, Aronsohn joined the Free-thinking People's Party ( German: Freisinnige Volkspartei): he chaired its local city club. Under the "Freisinnige Volkspartei" flag, he successfully participated in the elections for the Prussian House of Representatives in 1903, 1908 and 1913, as a representative of the Bydgoszcz-Wyrzysk district. [3] In 1910, he joined the nascent Progressive People's Party.

He had been regularly criticizing the policy of the Prussian Settlement Commission, which bought Polish estates in the Provinces of Posen and West Prussia: from his point of view, this scheme provided Poles the financial means to settle in towns. [4] In April 1914, he unsuccessfully suggested to use a restrictive clause for the government aid of home ownership in order to exclude Poles from the funding. [5]

His Jewish origin was often looked down at by the national liberals.

Business activities

In 1892, Lewin Aronsohn founded the "Bank M. Stadthagen", which soon became one of the most successful bank in the city. As a financier and banker, he enjoyed the reputation of a brilliant and capable businessman. Thanks to his network, he could find support for projects among the bankers in Berlin, Königsberg and even from his connections at the Reichsbank. [1]

From 1880 onwards, he was a member of the board of the "Bydgoszcz Chamber of Commerce". In 1891, he was elected as its deputy chairman and in 1915, he became the last chairman of the association, until 1918.[ citation needed]

Aronsohn was also the founder, on August 29, 1891, of the Bromberger Schleppschiffahrt Aktien Gesellschaft, future Bydgoszcz Shipping and Towing joint-stock Company (today "Żegluga Bydgoska"). The main shareholders were: Louis, Heinrich Dietz and other city councilors (Fritz Kleindienst, Karl Wenzel and Emil Werckmeister). [6] He was also a member of the supervisory board of the company. [6]

Social and culture

In 1881, Aronsohn became the chairman of the Jewish religious community in Bromberg. [7] As such, he reinvigorated the construction project of a new synagogue in the city: [8] the foundation stone was laid on October 21, 1882, and the edifice was solemnly consecrated on September 9, 1884. [9]

In the same year, he entered the local Riflemen's Association; in 1903, he was its senior member. [10]

Furthermore, Louis participated to other associations: [10]

  • the Historical Society of the Netze District (1885);
  • the treasurer of the board of the "German Society of Art and Science in Bydgoszcz" ( Polish: Niemieckie Towarzystwo Sztuki i Nauki w Bydgoszczy), from December 1, 1902.

He was active in projects dealing with very diverse domains: natural science, art, singing, engineering or literature.

Philanthropy

His considerable fortune enabled Aronsohn to engage in philanthropic activities. [10]

He donated a plot of land to the city for the construction of a care and education facility for small children, ( German: "Kleinkinderbewahranstalt") [11] completed in 1910. [12]

He financed the construction of the monument to German Emperor William I, [13] which stood on Plac Wolności till 1919.

He additionally founded the monument "The Archer", designed by Ferdinand Lepcke: it was unveiled on October 18, 1910, on his 60th birthday. [14] It is now one of the symbols of Bydgoszcz.

Aronsohn's last donation to the city amounted to German Mark 100,000: it was intended to cover the costs of building an indoor swimming pool. However, the project was never implemented, due to the end of WWI and the consequent return of Bydgoszcz to the newly independent Polish territory.

Last years

On May 23, 1918, Aronsohn left Bydgoszcz and settled in the Weimar Republic, as he opposed the incorporation of Bromberg into Poland. In 1919, he was elected a member of the Prussian National Assembly for the German Democratic Party. [15]

He died in Berlin in 1928.

The " Villa Aronsohn", preserved to this day, is the seat of the Municipal Housing Administration in Bydgoszcz. [10]

Family

In 1875, Lewin Louis Aronsohn married Doris née Bresch, Doris Zieliński by her first marriage.

They had one daughter, Julia, born in 1876 in Bydgoszcz. She married Mr. Meyer and moved to Aachen on May 2, 1899. [10]

Awards and commemoration

  • Order of the Red Eagle, 4th Class (1902); [10]
  • Order of the Crown (Prussia) 3rd Class (1912); [10]
  • On October 17, 1918, the city council of Bromberg passed a resolution on granting Lewin Louis Aronsohn the title of Honorary Citizen of the City. For him, it was the culmination of nearly 40 years of work for his town. Aronsohn was the last person to be given such a title during the Prussian history of Bydgoszcz. [16]

Since its thorough restoration in 1995, [17] the "Villa Aronsohn" has been housing the seat of the Municipal Housing Administration in Bydgoszcz ( Polish: Administracja Domów Miejskich "ADM"). [18]

Gallery

  • The Archer (1920)
    The Archer (1920)
  • The Archer (current location in Bydgoszcz)
    The Archer (current location in Bydgoszcz)
  • Monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I (destroyed)
    Monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I (destroyed)
  • Villa Aronsohn today
    Villa Aronsohn today
  • Bromberg Synagogue
    Bromberg Synagogue

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Pacyn, an (2 September 2011). "Lewin Louis Aronsohn ? twórca symbolu miasta, filantrop, rajca oraz poseł". bydgoszcz24.pl. bydgoszcz24. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  2. ^ MIESZKANIOWY GOLIAT. Kalendarz Bydgoski (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. 2007. pp. 104–105.
  3. ^ Mann, Bernhard; Doerry, Martin; Rauh, Cornelia; Kühne, Thomas (1988). Biographisches Handbuch für das Preußische Abgeordnetenhaus (Handbücher zur Geschichte des Parlamentarismus und der politischen Parteien, Band 3) (in German). Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag. p. 50. ISBN  3-7700-5146-7.
  4. ^ Wenzel, Stefi (1967). Jüdische Bürger und kommunale Selbstverwaltung in preußischen Städten 1808-1848 (in German). Berlin: Friedrich Meinicke Institut der Freien Universität Berlin. p. 170. ISBN  9783110835380.
  5. ^ Hamburger, Ernest (1968). Juden im öffentlichen Leben Deutschlands: Regierungsmitglieder, Beamte und Parlamentarier in der monarchischen Zeit 1846-1918 (in German). Tübingen: Leo Baeck Institute. p. 373. ISBN  3-1682-9292-3.
  6. ^ a b Szcząchor, Arleta (2004). Tradycje Żeglugi Bydgoskiej – Lloyd Bydgoski 1891-1945. Kronika Bydgoska XXV. Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy-Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. pp. 76–103.
  7. ^ Biegański, Zdzisław (1998). MATERIAŁY DO HISTORII MNIEJSZOŚCI ŻYDOWSKIEJ W BYDGOSZCZY W ZBIORACH ARCHIWUM W MOSKWIE. Kronika Bydgoska XX. Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy-Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. p. 166.
  8. ^ Osiński, Krzysztof (22 July 2017). "Po bydgoskiej synagodze zostało niewiele". tygodnikbydgoski.pl. tygodnikbydgoski. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  9. ^ Derkowska-Kostkowska, Bogna (1996). Przyczynki do dziejów budowli żydowskich w Bydgoszczy. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia dokumentacji i popularyzacji zabytków wojewódzkiego ośrodka kultury w Bydgoszczy. pp. 62–64. ISBN  3-7700-5146-7.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Aronsohn Lewin Louis". sztetl.org.pl. POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews. 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  11. ^ Szcząchor, Arleta (2004). Szkolnictwo żeńskie w Bydgoszczy w okresie zaboru pruskiego. Kronika Bydgoska XXXIX (PDF). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy-Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. pp. 43–83.
  12. ^ Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen Adressbuch nebst Allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg mit Vororten für das Jahr 1910. Bromberg: A. Dittmann. 1910. p. 92.
  13. ^ Dyroff, Stefan (2007). Erinnerungskultur im deutsch-polnischen Kontaktbereich: Bromberg und der Nordosten der Provinz Posen (Wojewodschaft Poznan) 1871-1939 (in German). Fibre. p. 278. ISBN  978-3938400203.
  14. ^ Umiński, Janusz (1999). Ulica 20 Stycznia 1920 roku. Kalendarz Bydgoski (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 209–217.
  15. ^ "Skulptur der Bogenschützin". visitbydgoszcz.pl. Bydgoskie Centrum Informacji. 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  16. ^ "Honorowi Obywatele Bydgoszczy". bydgoszcz.pl. Miasto Bydgoszcz. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  17. ^ dss (5 January 2016). "Dawna willa Aronsohna już w pełni blasku". bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl. Agora SA. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  18. ^ Bręczewska-Kulesza Daria, Derkowska-Kostkowska Bogna, Wysocka A. (2003). Ulica Gdańska. Przewodnik historyczny. Bydgoszcz: Wojewódzki Ośrodek Kultury w Bydgoszczy. ISBN  8386970103.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)

Bibliography

  • (in Polish) Błażejewski, Stanisław; Kutta, Janusz; Romaniuk, Marek (1994). Bydgoski Słownik Biograficzny. Tom I. Bydgoszcz: Kujawsko-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne. pp. 19–20.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Lewin_Louis_Aronsohn&oldid=1187120167"

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