The Russian political term leaderism ( Russian: вождизм, vozhdism) means "a policy directed at the affirmation/confirmation of one person in the role of an indisputable or infallible leader". [1] Manifestations of vozhdism include clientelism, nepotism, tribalism, and messianism. [2]
Forms of leaderism include Italian fascism, Führerprinzip, Stalinism, Maoism, and Juche. According to Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948), Leninism represented a new type of leaderism, featuring a leader of masses having dictatorship powers, while Joseph Stalin as vozhd exemplifies an ultimate type of such a supreme leader. [3]
In Marxist–Leninist phraseology, leaderism is a pejorative, in opposition to the officially proclaimed "principle of collective leadership". [4] [5] [6] As representative types of leaderist societies, some modern Russian authors argue include the regimes of Mikheil Saakashvili, [7] Islamic leaders, [8] and Vladimir Putin. [9]
Сталин уже вождь-диктатор в современном, фашистском смысле.
Sometimes local personality cults were attributed to the backwardness of the population and 'leaderism' was treated as an ethnic disease.
The Russian political term leaderism ( Russian: вождизм, vozhdism) means "a policy directed at the affirmation/confirmation of one person in the role of an indisputable or infallible leader". [1] Manifestations of vozhdism include clientelism, nepotism, tribalism, and messianism. [2]
Forms of leaderism include Italian fascism, Führerprinzip, Stalinism, Maoism, and Juche. According to Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948), Leninism represented a new type of leaderism, featuring a leader of masses having dictatorship powers, while Joseph Stalin as vozhd exemplifies an ultimate type of such a supreme leader. [3]
In Marxist–Leninist phraseology, leaderism is a pejorative, in opposition to the officially proclaimed "principle of collective leadership". [4] [5] [6] As representative types of leaderist societies, some modern Russian authors argue include the regimes of Mikheil Saakashvili, [7] Islamic leaders, [8] and Vladimir Putin. [9]
Сталин уже вождь-диктатор в современном, фашистском смысле.
Sometimes local personality cults were attributed to the backwardness of the population and 'leaderism' was treated as an ethnic disease.