The λ (lambda) universality class is a group in condensed matter physics. It regroups several systems possessing strong analogies, namely, superfluids, superconductors and smectics ( liquid crystals). All these systems are expected to belong to the same universality class for the thermodynamic critical properties of the phase transition. While these systems are quite different at the first glance, they all are described by similar formalisms and their typical phase diagrams are identical.
- Chaikin P. M. and Lubensky T. C. Principles of Condensed Matter Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) 1995, sect.9.
- Feynman R. P. Progress in Low Temperature Physics Vol.1, edited by C. Gorter (North Holland, Amsterdam) 1955.
- Helfrich, W. (1978). "Defect model of the smectic A-nematic phase transition". Journal de Physique. 39 (11). EDP Sciences: 1199–1208. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.323.6028. doi: 10.1051/jphys:0197800390110119900. ISSN 0302-0738. S2CID 617508.
- Nelson, David R.; Toner, John (1 June 1981). "Bond-orientational order, dislocation loops, and melting of solids and smectic-Aliquid crystals". Physical Review B. 24 (1). American Physical Society (APS): 363–387. Bibcode: 1981PhRvB..24..363N. doi: 10.1103/physrevb.24.363. ISSN 0163-1829.
- Dasgupta, C.; Halperin, B. I. (23 November 1981). "Phase Transition in a Lattice Model of Superconductivity". Physical Review Letters. 47 (21). American Physical Society (APS): 1556–1560. Bibcode: 1981PhRvL..47.1556D. doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.47.1556. ISSN 0031-9007.
- Williams, Gary A. (26 October 1987). "Vortex-ring model of the superfluidλtransition". Physical Review Letters. 59 (17). American Physical Society (APS): 1926–1929. Bibcode: 1987PhRvL..59.1926W. doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1926. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10035370.
- Onsager, L. (1949). "Statistical hydrodynamics". Il Nuovo Cimento. 6 (S2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 279–287. Bibcode: 1949NCim....6S.279O. doi: 10.1007/bf02780991. ISSN 0029-6341. S2CID 186224016.
- de Gennes, P.G. (1972). "An analogy between superconductors and smectics A". Solid State Communications. 10 (9). Elsevier BV: 753–756. Bibcode: 1972SSCom..10..753D. doi: 10.1016/0038-1098(72)90186-x. ISSN 0038-1098.
- Abrikosov, A. A. (1957). "[unknown title]". Zhurnal Éksperimental'noĭ i Teoreticheskoĭ Fiziki (in Russian). 32 (6): 1442. Translated as: Abrikosov, A. A. (1957). "On the Magnetic Properties of Superconductors of the Second Group". Soviet Physics JETP. 5 (6): 1174.
- Renn, S. R.; Lubensky, T. C. (1 July 1988). "Abrikosov dislocation lattice in a model of the cholesteric–to–smectic-Atransition". Physical Review A. 38 (4). American Physical Society (APS): 2132–2147. Bibcode: 1988PhRvA..38.2132R. doi: 10.1103/physreva.38.2132. ISSN 0556-2791. PMID 9900613.
The λ (lambda) universality class is a group in condensed matter physics. It regroups several systems possessing strong analogies, namely, superfluids, superconductors and smectics ( liquid crystals). All these systems are expected to belong to the same universality class for the thermodynamic critical properties of the phase transition. While these systems are quite different at the first glance, they all are described by similar formalisms and their typical phase diagrams are identical.
- Chaikin P. M. and Lubensky T. C. Principles of Condensed Matter Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) 1995, sect.9.
- Feynman R. P. Progress in Low Temperature Physics Vol.1, edited by C. Gorter (North Holland, Amsterdam) 1955.
- Helfrich, W. (1978). "Defect model of the smectic A-nematic phase transition". Journal de Physique. 39 (11). EDP Sciences: 1199–1208. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.323.6028. doi: 10.1051/jphys:0197800390110119900. ISSN 0302-0738. S2CID 617508.
- Nelson, David R.; Toner, John (1 June 1981). "Bond-orientational order, dislocation loops, and melting of solids and smectic-Aliquid crystals". Physical Review B. 24 (1). American Physical Society (APS): 363–387. Bibcode: 1981PhRvB..24..363N. doi: 10.1103/physrevb.24.363. ISSN 0163-1829.
- Dasgupta, C.; Halperin, B. I. (23 November 1981). "Phase Transition in a Lattice Model of Superconductivity". Physical Review Letters. 47 (21). American Physical Society (APS): 1556–1560. Bibcode: 1981PhRvL..47.1556D. doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.47.1556. ISSN 0031-9007.
- Williams, Gary A. (26 October 1987). "Vortex-ring model of the superfluidλtransition". Physical Review Letters. 59 (17). American Physical Society (APS): 1926–1929. Bibcode: 1987PhRvL..59.1926W. doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1926. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10035370.
- Onsager, L. (1949). "Statistical hydrodynamics". Il Nuovo Cimento. 6 (S2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 279–287. Bibcode: 1949NCim....6S.279O. doi: 10.1007/bf02780991. ISSN 0029-6341. S2CID 186224016.
- de Gennes, P.G. (1972). "An analogy between superconductors and smectics A". Solid State Communications. 10 (9). Elsevier BV: 753–756. Bibcode: 1972SSCom..10..753D. doi: 10.1016/0038-1098(72)90186-x. ISSN 0038-1098.
- Abrikosov, A. A. (1957). "[unknown title]". Zhurnal Éksperimental'noĭ i Teoreticheskoĭ Fiziki (in Russian). 32 (6): 1442. Translated as: Abrikosov, A. A. (1957). "On the Magnetic Properties of Superconductors of the Second Group". Soviet Physics JETP. 5 (6): 1174.
- Renn, S. R.; Lubensky, T. C. (1 July 1988). "Abrikosov dislocation lattice in a model of the cholesteric–to–smectic-Atransition". Physical Review A. 38 (4). American Physical Society (APS): 2132–2147. Bibcode: 1988PhRvA..38.2132R. doi: 10.1103/physreva.38.2132. ISSN 0556-2791. PMID 9900613.