Limosilactobacillus vaginalis | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Bacillota |
Class: | Bacilli |
Order: | Lactobacillales |
Family: | Lactobacillaceae |
Genus: | Limosilactobacillus |
Species: | L. vaginalis
|
Binomial name | |
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis (Embley et al. 1989) Zheng et al. 2020
| |
Synonyms | |
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Limosilactobacillus vaginalis is a lactic acid bacterium that is a normal, but infrequent part of the vaginal microbiome.
The species was identified by Embley and his coworkers in the course of a vaccine development against trichomoniasis. [1] The vaginal secretions of women suffering from trichomoniasis were examined for the presence of certain proposed Lactobacillus strains exhibiting mutualistic behavior with Trichomonas vaginalis, facilitating sustainment of infection. [1] The isolates initially designated Limosilactobacillus fermentum were compared to the reference strains of a number of heterofermentative species using the DNA–DNA hybridization method, and have shown a maximal DNA homology of 35% with Limosilactobacillus reuteri, far below the standard threshold of 70% recommended for species delineation. [1] The new species L. vaginalis with type strain NCTC 12197 was proposed, and the description of its carbohydrate fermentation patterns as well as cellular fatty acid composition were provided. [1] Further taxonomic investigations relying on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed L. vaginalis in the L. reuteri phylogenetic group along with 14 other species, including L. fermentum. [2]
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase negative bacterium. [1] These obligate heterofermentative lactobacilli produce both D and L isomers of lactic acid as the metabolic end-product of carbohydrate fermentation. [1] Similarly to most other vaginal Lactobacillus species, L. vaginalis does not directly metabolize glycogen, but rather its depolymerization products. [3] The bacterium occurs in less than 1% of healthy women. [4]
Specific strains of L. vaginalis characterized by an insufficient protective efficacy against vaginal pathogens are used in lactobacillus vaccines, a therapy method of chronic vaginal infections that respond poorly to antibiotic treatment, available in German-speaking Europe. [5] L. vaginalis is not used as a probiotic, nor as a starter culture in the food industry. It is occasionally isolated from fermented dairy products, where it represents an unwanted contaminant. [6]
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Bacillota |
Class: | Bacilli |
Order: | Lactobacillales |
Family: | Lactobacillaceae |
Genus: | Limosilactobacillus |
Species: | L. vaginalis
|
Binomial name | |
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis (Embley et al. 1989) Zheng et al. 2020
| |
Synonyms | |
|
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis is a lactic acid bacterium that is a normal, but infrequent part of the vaginal microbiome.
The species was identified by Embley and his coworkers in the course of a vaccine development against trichomoniasis. [1] The vaginal secretions of women suffering from trichomoniasis were examined for the presence of certain proposed Lactobacillus strains exhibiting mutualistic behavior with Trichomonas vaginalis, facilitating sustainment of infection. [1] The isolates initially designated Limosilactobacillus fermentum were compared to the reference strains of a number of heterofermentative species using the DNA–DNA hybridization method, and have shown a maximal DNA homology of 35% with Limosilactobacillus reuteri, far below the standard threshold of 70% recommended for species delineation. [1] The new species L. vaginalis with type strain NCTC 12197 was proposed, and the description of its carbohydrate fermentation patterns as well as cellular fatty acid composition were provided. [1] Further taxonomic investigations relying on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed L. vaginalis in the L. reuteri phylogenetic group along with 14 other species, including L. fermentum. [2]
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase negative bacterium. [1] These obligate heterofermentative lactobacilli produce both D and L isomers of lactic acid as the metabolic end-product of carbohydrate fermentation. [1] Similarly to most other vaginal Lactobacillus species, L. vaginalis does not directly metabolize glycogen, but rather its depolymerization products. [3] The bacterium occurs in less than 1% of healthy women. [4]
Specific strains of L. vaginalis characterized by an insufficient protective efficacy against vaginal pathogens are used in lactobacillus vaccines, a therapy method of chronic vaginal infections that respond poorly to antibiotic treatment, available in German-speaking Europe. [5] L. vaginalis is not used as a probiotic, nor as a starter culture in the food industry. It is occasionally isolated from fermented dairy products, where it represents an unwanted contaminant. [6]