Kumandin | |
---|---|
къуманды / къубанды / къуўанды / къувандыг | |
Native to | Russia |
Region | Altai Republic, Altai Krai |
Ethnicity | Kumandins |
Native speakers | 654 (2021) [1] |
Turkic
| |
Cyrillic, Latin (formerly) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog |
kuma1284 |
ELP | Kumandin |
![]() A map of the Altai languages, including Kumandin (in blue). |
The Kumandin language is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia.The Kumandins name themselves "Kumandi-Kiji".
Kumandin is classed in the Siberian Turkic branch of the Turkic languages. It is considered as a dialect of Northern Altai. The Kumandin subgroup of the Altai can undertand Tubalar and Chelkan, aside from Kumandin. [2]
Labial | Dental/ Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | / m/ | / n/ | / ɲ/ | / ŋ/ | ||
Stop | plain | / p/ | / t/ | / k/ | ||
long | / pː/ | / tː/ | / kː/ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | / s/ | / ʃ/ | |||
voiced | / ɣ/ | |||||
Affricate | / t͡ʃ/ | |||||
Approximant | / l/ | / j/ | ||||
Trill | / r/ |
Front | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
High | / i/, / iː/ | / y/, / yː/ | / ɯ/, / ɯː/ | / u/, / uː/ |
Low | / ɛ/, / ɛː/ | / œ/, / œː/ | / ɑ/, / ɑː/ | / ɒ/, / ɒː/ |
During the Latinisation period in the Soviet Union, a Latin-based script was developed for the Kumandin language. It was used from 1932 to 1939, when teaching in Kumandin was stopped. [4]
A a | B ʙ | C c | D d | E e | F f | G g | I i |
J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | Ꞑ ꞑ | O o | Ɵ ɵ |
P p | R r | S s | Ş ş | T t | U u | V v | X x |
Y y | Z z | Ƶ ƶ | Ь ь |
In recent years, the Kumandin language is being written again. The orthography below was created in 2005, when it was published for use by children.
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ғ ғ | Д д | Е е | Ё ё |
Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н |
Ҥ ҥ | Нь нь | О о | Ö ö | П п | Р р | С с | Т т |
У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ |
Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
Kumandin | |
---|---|
къуманды / къубанды / къуўанды / къувандыг | |
Native to | Russia |
Region | Altai Republic, Altai Krai |
Ethnicity | Kumandins |
Native speakers | 654 (2021) [1] |
Turkic
| |
Cyrillic, Latin (formerly) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog |
kuma1284 |
ELP | Kumandin |
![]() A map of the Altai languages, including Kumandin (in blue). |
The Kumandin language is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia.The Kumandins name themselves "Kumandi-Kiji".
Kumandin is classed in the Siberian Turkic branch of the Turkic languages. It is considered as a dialect of Northern Altai. The Kumandin subgroup of the Altai can undertand Tubalar and Chelkan, aside from Kumandin. [2]
Labial | Dental/ Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | / m/ | / n/ | / ɲ/ | / ŋ/ | ||
Stop | plain | / p/ | / t/ | / k/ | ||
long | / pː/ | / tː/ | / kː/ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | / s/ | / ʃ/ | |||
voiced | / ɣ/ | |||||
Affricate | / t͡ʃ/ | |||||
Approximant | / l/ | / j/ | ||||
Trill | / r/ |
Front | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
High | / i/, / iː/ | / y/, / yː/ | / ɯ/, / ɯː/ | / u/, / uː/ |
Low | / ɛ/, / ɛː/ | / œ/, / œː/ | / ɑ/, / ɑː/ | / ɒ/, / ɒː/ |
During the Latinisation period in the Soviet Union, a Latin-based script was developed for the Kumandin language. It was used from 1932 to 1939, when teaching in Kumandin was stopped. [4]
A a | B ʙ | C c | D d | E e | F f | G g | I i |
J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | Ꞑ ꞑ | O o | Ɵ ɵ |
P p | R r | S s | Ş ş | T t | U u | V v | X x |
Y y | Z z | Ƶ ƶ | Ь ь |
In recent years, the Kumandin language is being written again. The orthography below was created in 2005, when it was published for use by children.
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ғ ғ | Д д | Е е | Ё ё |
Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н |
Ҥ ҥ | Нь нь | О о | Ö ö | П п | Р р | С с | Т т |
У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ |
Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |