Kremsmünster | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 48°03′18″N 14°07′51″E / 48.05500°N 14.13083°E | |
Country | Austria |
State | Upper Austria |
District | Kirchdorf an der Krems |
Government | |
• Mayor | Gerhard Obernberger ( ÖVP) |
Area | |
• Total | 42.12 km2 (16.26 sq mi) |
Elevation | 384 m (1,260 ft) |
Population (2018-01-01)
[2] | |
• Total | 6,585 |
• Density | 160/km2 (400/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+1 ( CET) |
• Summer ( DST) | UTC+2 ( CEST) |
Postal code | 4550 |
Area code | 07583 |
Vehicle registration | KI |
Website | www.kremsmuenster.at |
Kremsmünster is a town in Kirchdorf an der Krems District, in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Settled in 777, it is home to the Kremsmünster Abbey.
The Abbey was founded 777 by Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria and is one of the oldest abbeys of central Europe. On a striking ice-age terrace above the town, it dominates the whole Krems valley. The monks ( Order of Saint Benedict), lead a famous gymnasium which has existed since 1549, and an astronomical and geophysical observatory ("Mathematical tower"). The First Slovak Republic ceased to exist here when the exiled Slovak government capitulated to General Walton Walker leading the XX Corps of the 3rd US Army on 8 May 1945.
Kremsmünster is a traditional place of culture, astronomy and natural science. For instance, Placidus Fixlmillner (1721–1791), the first astronomer to compute the orbit of Uranus, was born and lived in Kremsmünster.
The observation tower itself (built 1749–1756) represents the first high-rise of Europe. In this vicinity the eldest geomagnetism station of the world was established, and also the first weather station of Austria-Hungary.
The nearby Gusterberg (450 m) is the fundamental point of the former national survey of Upper Austria. An observation tower at the summit marks the geoscientific importance of the mountain. It is also crossed by the Meridian arc Großenhain-Kremsmünster- Pola, an 800 km triangulation which was measured in the 19th century to determine the alpine curvature of the geoid.
Besides schools and the baroque library, Kremsmünster also has some institutions of adult education, e.g. Subiaco for Spiritual Exercises and a Vocational school. The castle Kremsegg houses a special museum of music instruments.
The monastery
library (built 1680–1689 by Carlone) contains about 160,000 volumes. Among the 1,700
manuscripts is the
Codex Millenarius, a
Gospel Book written around 800 in
Mondsee Abbey.
The showpiece of the monastery's treasury is the
Tassilo Chalice of about 770, created in copper and silver and holding 1.8 litres. It is still used in religious services, e.g. at
Easter.
Architecture outside the monastery:
The Climate of Kremsmünster is continental, classified as Dfb in Köppen climate classification and Dc in Trewartha climate classification. The weather is warm and wet during summers and cold and snowy during winters.
Kremsmünster's climate in the 1991-2020 period has been warmer and wetter than the 1961-1990 period.
Climate data for Kremsmünster(1991-2020, Extremes 1961-2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.7 (89.1) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.3 (97.3) |
36.4 (97.5) |
34.6 (94.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
36.4 (97.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
13.4 (56.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
14.1 (57.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.0 (68.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
0.7 (33.3) |
10.2 (50.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
1.4 (34.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
5.9 (42.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.4 (−13.7) |
−19.8 (−3.6) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
2.2 (36.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−25.4 (−13.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 66.2 (2.61) |
54.2 (2.13) |
96.6 (3.80) |
61.6 (2.43) |
113.0 (4.45) |
124.9 (4.92) |
126.0 (4.96) |
119.4 (4.70) |
94.8 (3.73) |
71.2 (2.80) |
66.9 (2.63) |
69.9 (2.75) |
1,064.7 (41.91) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.1 | 9.9 | 12.4 | 9 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 13 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 12 | 134 |
Source: NOAA, [3] DWD [4] |
Climate data for Kremsmünster, Oberösterreich (1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.1 (55.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.7 (36.9) |
12.8 (55.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) |
0.1 (32.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.2 (55.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
5.3 (41.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 61.0 (2.40) |
57.0 (2.24) |
64.0 (2.52) |
76.0 (2.99) |
96.0 (3.78) |
114.0 (4.49) |
126.0 (4.96) |
105.0 (4.13) |
77.0 (3.03) |
58.0 (2.28) |
68.0 (2.68) |
65.0 (2.56) |
967 (38.06) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 135 |
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) | 80 | 74 | 64 | 58 | 57 | 59 | 57 | 59 | 65 | 72 | 79 | 81 | 67 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 46.5 | 79.1 | 124 | 159 | 204.6 | 207 | 232.5 | 213.9 | 159 | 114.7 | 54 | 40.3 | 1,634.6 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 1.5 | 2.8 | 4 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 4.5 |
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst [4] |
Kremsmünster is also a place of modern technology with about 3,000 employees (62% of them in production), e.g. in
Kremsmünster | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 48°03′18″N 14°07′51″E / 48.05500°N 14.13083°E | |
Country | Austria |
State | Upper Austria |
District | Kirchdorf an der Krems |
Government | |
• Mayor | Gerhard Obernberger ( ÖVP) |
Area | |
• Total | 42.12 km2 (16.26 sq mi) |
Elevation | 384 m (1,260 ft) |
Population (2018-01-01)
[2] | |
• Total | 6,585 |
• Density | 160/km2 (400/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+1 ( CET) |
• Summer ( DST) | UTC+2 ( CEST) |
Postal code | 4550 |
Area code | 07583 |
Vehicle registration | KI |
Website | www.kremsmuenster.at |
Kremsmünster is a town in Kirchdorf an der Krems District, in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Settled in 777, it is home to the Kremsmünster Abbey.
The Abbey was founded 777 by Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria and is one of the oldest abbeys of central Europe. On a striking ice-age terrace above the town, it dominates the whole Krems valley. The monks ( Order of Saint Benedict), lead a famous gymnasium which has existed since 1549, and an astronomical and geophysical observatory ("Mathematical tower"). The First Slovak Republic ceased to exist here when the exiled Slovak government capitulated to General Walton Walker leading the XX Corps of the 3rd US Army on 8 May 1945.
Kremsmünster is a traditional place of culture, astronomy and natural science. For instance, Placidus Fixlmillner (1721–1791), the first astronomer to compute the orbit of Uranus, was born and lived in Kremsmünster.
The observation tower itself (built 1749–1756) represents the first high-rise of Europe. In this vicinity the eldest geomagnetism station of the world was established, and also the first weather station of Austria-Hungary.
The nearby Gusterberg (450 m) is the fundamental point of the former national survey of Upper Austria. An observation tower at the summit marks the geoscientific importance of the mountain. It is also crossed by the Meridian arc Großenhain-Kremsmünster- Pola, an 800 km triangulation which was measured in the 19th century to determine the alpine curvature of the geoid.
Besides schools and the baroque library, Kremsmünster also has some institutions of adult education, e.g. Subiaco for Spiritual Exercises and a Vocational school. The castle Kremsegg houses a special museum of music instruments.
The monastery
library (built 1680–1689 by Carlone) contains about 160,000 volumes. Among the 1,700
manuscripts is the
Codex Millenarius, a
Gospel Book written around 800 in
Mondsee Abbey.
The showpiece of the monastery's treasury is the
Tassilo Chalice of about 770, created in copper and silver and holding 1.8 litres. It is still used in religious services, e.g. at
Easter.
Architecture outside the monastery:
The Climate of Kremsmünster is continental, classified as Dfb in Köppen climate classification and Dc in Trewartha climate classification. The weather is warm and wet during summers and cold and snowy during winters.
Kremsmünster's climate in the 1991-2020 period has been warmer and wetter than the 1961-1990 period.
Climate data for Kremsmünster(1991-2020, Extremes 1961-2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.7 (89.1) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.3 (97.3) |
36.4 (97.5) |
34.6 (94.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
36.4 (97.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
13.4 (56.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
14.1 (57.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.0 (68.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
0.7 (33.3) |
10.2 (50.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
1.4 (34.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
5.9 (42.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.4 (−13.7) |
−19.8 (−3.6) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
2.2 (36.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−25.4 (−13.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 66.2 (2.61) |
54.2 (2.13) |
96.6 (3.80) |
61.6 (2.43) |
113.0 (4.45) |
124.9 (4.92) |
126.0 (4.96) |
119.4 (4.70) |
94.8 (3.73) |
71.2 (2.80) |
66.9 (2.63) |
69.9 (2.75) |
1,064.7 (41.91) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.1 | 9.9 | 12.4 | 9 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 13 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 12 | 134 |
Source: NOAA, [3] DWD [4] |
Climate data for Kremsmünster, Oberösterreich (1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.1 (55.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.7 (36.9) |
12.8 (55.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) |
0.1 (32.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.2 (55.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
5.3 (41.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 61.0 (2.40) |
57.0 (2.24) |
64.0 (2.52) |
76.0 (2.99) |
96.0 (3.78) |
114.0 (4.49) |
126.0 (4.96) |
105.0 (4.13) |
77.0 (3.03) |
58.0 (2.28) |
68.0 (2.68) |
65.0 (2.56) |
967 (38.06) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 135 |
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) | 80 | 74 | 64 | 58 | 57 | 59 | 57 | 59 | 65 | 72 | 79 | 81 | 67 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 46.5 | 79.1 | 124 | 159 | 204.6 | 207 | 232.5 | 213.9 | 159 | 114.7 | 54 | 40.3 | 1,634.6 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 1.5 | 2.8 | 4 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 4.5 |
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst [4] |
Kremsmünster is also a place of modern technology with about 3,000 employees (62% of them in production), e.g. in