| Konobelodon Temporal range:
Miocene,
| |
|---|---|
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| Mandible of Konobelodon britti on display at the State Museum of Pennsylvania | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Proboscidea |
| Family: | † Amebelodontidae |
| Genus: | †
Konobelodon Lambert, 1990 |
| Species | |
Konobelodon is an extinct genus of amebelodont proboscidean from the Miocene of Africa, Eurasia and North America.
Taxonomy
Konobelodon was originally coined as a subgenus of Amebelodon, [2] and was subsequently elevated to full generic rank in a 2014 re-appraisal of "Mastodon" atticus. [3] Within Amebelodontinae, Konobelodon is closely related to Platybelodon and Torynobelodon. [1] The genus Konobelodon likely originated in eastern Eurasia, with K. robustus being known from the Liushu Formation in the Gansu Province of China. [4] Under this hypothesis, it diverged via separate migrations westward into Europe and western Asia, represented by K. atticus, and eastward into North America, where the genus arrived c. 7 Ma and survived until the very end of the Miocene. [3] The species Konobelodon cyrenaicus is known from the Late Miocene of North Africa, representing the latest surviving amebelodont on the African continent. [5]
Description
As shovel-tusked amebelodonts, Konobelodon has two pairs of tusks, one growing from the upper jaw and a second from the lower. K. robustus is estimated to have had a body mass between 2,802–7,367 kilograms (6,177–16,241 lb), making it generally larger than most gomphotheres on account of its thicker limb bones. Its standing posture, however, was not likely as column-like as that of extant elephants and American brevirostrine gomphotheres. [4] The lower tusks were proportionally large, reaching 1.61 metres (5.3 ft) in length. [6]
Ecology
Konobelodon is suggested to have been a browser, based on dental microwear analysis. The upper tusks were likely used for slicing and scraping, while the lower tusks may have been used for digging. [7]
References
- ^ a b Wang, S.; SHI, Q.; HE, W.; Chen, S.; Yang, X. (2016). "— A new species of the tetralophodont amebelodontine Konobelodon Lambert, 1990 (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of China". Geodiversitas. 38 (1): 65–97. doi: 10.5252/g2016n1a4. S2CID 87203029.
- ^ Lambert, W. D. (1990). "Rediagnosis of the genus Amebelodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae) with a new subgenus and species, Amebelodon (Konobelodon) britti". Journal of Paleontology. 64 (6): 1032–1041. Bibcode: 1990JPal...64.1032L. doi: 10.1017/S0022336000019855. S2CID 131312289.
- ^ a b Konidaris, G. E.; Roussiakis, S. J.; Theodorou, G. E.; Koufos, G. D. (2014). "The Eurasian occurrence of the shovel-tusker Konobelodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea) as illuminated by its presence in the late Miocene of Pikermi (Greece)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (6): 1437–53. Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34.1437K. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.873622. S2CID 84396676.
- ^ a b Wang, ShiQi; Shi, QinQin; He, Wen; Chen, ShanQin; Yang, XiangWen (2016-03-25). "A new species of the tetralophodont amebelodontine Konobelodon Lambert, 1990 (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of China". Geodiversitas. 38 (1): 65–97. doi: 10.5252/g2016n1a4. ISSN 1280-9659. S2CID 87203029.
- ^ Sanders, William J. (2023-07-07). Evolution and Fossil Record of African Proboscidea (1 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 161–163. doi: 10.1201/b20016. ISBN 978-1-315-11891-8. S2CID 259625811.
- ^ Larramendi, Asier (2023-12-10). "Estimating tusk masses in proboscideans: a comprehensive analysis and predictive model". Historical Biology: 1–14. doi: 10.1080/08912963.2023.2286272. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 266182491.
- ^ Semprebon, Gina M.; Pirlo, Jeanette; Dudek, Julia (2022-11-30). "Dietary Habits and Tusk Usage of Shovel-Tusked Gomphotheres from Florida: Evidence from Stereoscopic Wear of Molars and Upper and Lower Tusks". Biology. 11 (12): 1748. doi: 10.3390/biology11121748. ISSN 2079-7737. PMC 9774678. PMID 36552258.
Genera of the order
Proboscidea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Konobelodon Temporal range:
Miocene,
| |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Mandible of Konobelodon britti on display at the State Museum of Pennsylvania | |
|
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Proboscidea |
| Family: | † Amebelodontidae |
| Genus: | †
Konobelodon Lambert, 1990 |
| Species | |
Konobelodon is an extinct genus of amebelodont proboscidean from the Miocene of Africa, Eurasia and North America.
Taxonomy
Konobelodon was originally coined as a subgenus of Amebelodon, [2] and was subsequently elevated to full generic rank in a 2014 re-appraisal of "Mastodon" atticus. [3] Within Amebelodontinae, Konobelodon is closely related to Platybelodon and Torynobelodon. [1] The genus Konobelodon likely originated in eastern Eurasia, with K. robustus being known from the Liushu Formation in the Gansu Province of China. [4] Under this hypothesis, it diverged via separate migrations westward into Europe and western Asia, represented by K. atticus, and eastward into North America, where the genus arrived c. 7 Ma and survived until the very end of the Miocene. [3] The species Konobelodon cyrenaicus is known from the Late Miocene of North Africa, representing the latest surviving amebelodont on the African continent. [5]
Description
As shovel-tusked amebelodonts, Konobelodon has two pairs of tusks, one growing from the upper jaw and a second from the lower. K. robustus is estimated to have had a body mass between 2,802–7,367 kilograms (6,177–16,241 lb), making it generally larger than most gomphotheres on account of its thicker limb bones. Its standing posture, however, was not likely as column-like as that of extant elephants and American brevirostrine gomphotheres. [4] The lower tusks were proportionally large, reaching 1.61 metres (5.3 ft) in length. [6]
Ecology
Konobelodon is suggested to have been a browser, based on dental microwear analysis. The upper tusks were likely used for slicing and scraping, while the lower tusks may have been used for digging. [7]
References
- ^ a b Wang, S.; SHI, Q.; HE, W.; Chen, S.; Yang, X. (2016). "— A new species of the tetralophodont amebelodontine Konobelodon Lambert, 1990 (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of China". Geodiversitas. 38 (1): 65–97. doi: 10.5252/g2016n1a4. S2CID 87203029.
- ^ Lambert, W. D. (1990). "Rediagnosis of the genus Amebelodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae) with a new subgenus and species, Amebelodon (Konobelodon) britti". Journal of Paleontology. 64 (6): 1032–1041. Bibcode: 1990JPal...64.1032L. doi: 10.1017/S0022336000019855. S2CID 131312289.
- ^ a b Konidaris, G. E.; Roussiakis, S. J.; Theodorou, G. E.; Koufos, G. D. (2014). "The Eurasian occurrence of the shovel-tusker Konobelodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea) as illuminated by its presence in the late Miocene of Pikermi (Greece)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (6): 1437–53. Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34.1437K. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.873622. S2CID 84396676.
- ^ a b Wang, ShiQi; Shi, QinQin; He, Wen; Chen, ShanQin; Yang, XiangWen (2016-03-25). "A new species of the tetralophodont amebelodontine Konobelodon Lambert, 1990 (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of China". Geodiversitas. 38 (1): 65–97. doi: 10.5252/g2016n1a4. ISSN 1280-9659. S2CID 87203029.
- ^ Sanders, William J. (2023-07-07). Evolution and Fossil Record of African Proboscidea (1 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 161–163. doi: 10.1201/b20016. ISBN 978-1-315-11891-8. S2CID 259625811.
- ^ Larramendi, Asier (2023-12-10). "Estimating tusk masses in proboscideans: a comprehensive analysis and predictive model". Historical Biology: 1–14. doi: 10.1080/08912963.2023.2286272. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 266182491.
- ^ Semprebon, Gina M.; Pirlo, Jeanette; Dudek, Julia (2022-11-30). "Dietary Habits and Tusk Usage of Shovel-Tusked Gomphotheres from Florida: Evidence from Stereoscopic Wear of Molars and Upper and Lower Tusks". Biology. 11 (12): 1748. doi: 10.3390/biology11121748. ISSN 2079-7737. PMC 9774678. PMID 36552258.
Genera of the order
Proboscidea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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