The Banu Khurman were a local tribe in Wadi Ajal and the Murzuq region in the Fezzan (present-day Libya). [1] [2] They are have also historically been referred to as "Qurmān", "Husmān", or “Khurmān". [3] They have been identified by some writers as probable descendants of the Garamantes. [2] [1]
At an uncertain date, perhaps around 1500, they established their domination over the Fezzan region, following the Kanem Empire's loss of power in this region. [4] [1] In 1320, the Banu Khurman raged a deadly war against the Kanem empire and their vassals in the region. [5][ verification needed] Some time after their war with Kanem, in 1330 the Banu Khurman led a large campaign against Ghadames.[ citation needed] Some Arab sources [6] suggest Hafsid involvement, but no clear sources suggest that they were able to capture Ghadames.[ citation needed]
Their domination of the Fezzan region was later usurped by the Awlad Muhammad tribe, which remained a dominant force here until the early 19th century. [4]
References
- ^ a b c Braun, Klaus; Passon, Jacqueline (2020). Across the Sahara: Tracks, Trade and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Libya. Springer Nature. p. 155. ISBN 978-3030001452. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b Willis, John Ralph (1985). Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa: The servile estate. Psychology Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-7146-3201-8.
- ^ Martin, B. G. (1969). "Kanem, Bornu, and the Fazzan: Notes on the Political History of a Trade Route". The Journal of African History. 10 (1): 20. doi: 10.1017/S0021853700009257. JSTOR 180293. S2CID 162910915. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b Martin, B. G. (December 1983). "Ahmad Rasim Pasha and the Suppression of the Fazzan Slave Trade, 1881-1896". Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. 38 (4): 557–558, 563. JSTOR 40759666. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ Adhikel, Hossan Edhikel Ali (2022). "Historical Linke between the Fezzan region the state of kanem borno 656 -957 AH/1258 -1550AD". Journal of Human Sciences. 21 (2): 188–198. doi: 10.51984/johs.v21i2.2020. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
- ^ عبد الله خليفة الخباط,العلاقات السياسية بين إيالة طرابلس الغرب وانجلترا 1795-1832م (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-03-10.
External links
The Banu Khurman were a local tribe in Wadi Ajal and the Murzuq region in the Fezzan (present-day Libya). [1] [2] They are have also historically been referred to as "Qurmān", "Husmān", or “Khurmān". [3] They have been identified by some writers as probable descendants of the Garamantes. [2] [1]
At an uncertain date, perhaps around 1500, they established their domination over the Fezzan region, following the Kanem Empire's loss of power in this region. [4] [1] In 1320, the Banu Khurman raged a deadly war against the Kanem empire and their vassals in the region. [5][ verification needed] Some time after their war with Kanem, in 1330 the Banu Khurman led a large campaign against Ghadames.[ citation needed] Some Arab sources [6] suggest Hafsid involvement, but no clear sources suggest that they were able to capture Ghadames.[ citation needed]
Their domination of the Fezzan region was later usurped by the Awlad Muhammad tribe, which remained a dominant force here until the early 19th century. [4]
References
- ^ a b c Braun, Klaus; Passon, Jacqueline (2020). Across the Sahara: Tracks, Trade and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Libya. Springer Nature. p. 155. ISBN 978-3030001452. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b Willis, John Ralph (1985). Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa: The servile estate. Psychology Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-7146-3201-8.
- ^ Martin, B. G. (1969). "Kanem, Bornu, and the Fazzan: Notes on the Political History of a Trade Route". The Journal of African History. 10 (1): 20. doi: 10.1017/S0021853700009257. JSTOR 180293. S2CID 162910915. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b Martin, B. G. (December 1983). "Ahmad Rasim Pasha and the Suppression of the Fazzan Slave Trade, 1881-1896". Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. 38 (4): 557–558, 563. JSTOR 40759666. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ Adhikel, Hossan Edhikel Ali (2022). "Historical Linke between the Fezzan region the state of kanem borno 656 -957 AH/1258 -1550AD". Journal of Human Sciences. 21 (2): 188–198. doi: 10.51984/johs.v21i2.2020. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
- ^ عبد الله خليفة الخباط,العلاقات السياسية بين إيالة طرابلس الغرب وانجلترا 1795-1832م (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-03-10.