Khaling | |
---|---|
khāliṅ | |
खालिङ | |
Native to | Nepal |
Region | Solukhumbu and Khotang districts |
Ethnicity | Khaling Rai |
Native speakers | 14,467 in Nepal (2011 census)
[1] unknown number in India [1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Devanagari | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
klr |
Glottolog |
khal1275 |
ELP | Khaling |
Khaling (kʰɛ̂l brâː ख्या:ल् ब्रा:) is a Kiranti language spoken in Solukhumbu district, Nepal and Sikkim, Darjeeling, and Kalimpong in India. It is one of the few Kiranti languages with tonal contrasts, which are of secondary origin. [2] [3]
Khaling has approximately 15,000 speakers and is therefore considered a vulnerable language. Khaling has a complex system of stem alternations: as many as 10 distinct stems have to be posited for a word (Jacques et al. 2012). Khaling is very unusual in having an auditory demonstrative (see Jacques and Lahaussois 2014). Khaling is also known as Rai, Khalinge Rai, Khael Bra, and Khael Baat. [4]
Khaling is still being acquired by children who live in Khaling-speaking areas, as well as non-Khaling children who happen to live in that area.
Khaling is spoken in the following VDC's of Nepal ( Ethnologue).
Front | Central | Back | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||
short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
High | i ⟨इ⟩ | iː | ʉ ⟨अ्यु⟩ | ʉː | u ⟨उ⟩ | uː | ||
High-mid | e ⟨ए⟩ | eː | ɵ ⟨अ्यो⟩ | ɵː | o ⟨ओ⟩ | oː | ||
Low-mid | ɛ ⟨अ्या⟩ | ɛː | ʌ ⟨अ⟩ | oɔ ⟨अ्वा⟩ | ||||
Low | ä ⟨आ⟩ | äː |
Bilabial | Dental | alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m ⟨म⟩ | n ⟨न⟩ | ŋ ⟨ङ⟩ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | unaspirated | p ⟨प⟩ | t̪ ⟨त⟩ | ts ⟨च⟩ | k ⟨क⟩ | ʔ ⟨अ्⟩ |
aspirated | pʰ ⟨फ⟩ | t̪ʰ ⟨थ⟩ | tsʰ ⟨छ⟩ | kʰ ⟨ख⟩ | |||
voiced | unaspirated | b ⟨ब⟩ | d̪ ⟨द⟩ | dz ⟨ज⟩ | ɡ ⟨ग⟩ | ||
aspirated | bʱ ⟨भ⟩ | d̪ʱ ⟨ध⟩ | dzʱ ⟨झ⟩ | ɡʱ ⟨घ⟩ | |||
Fricative | s ⟨स⟩ | h x ⟨ह⟩ | |||||
Trill | r ⟨र⟩ | ||||||
Lateral | l ⟨ल⟩ | ||||||
Frictionless continuant | w ⟨व⟩ | j ⟨य⟩ |
Khaling | |
---|---|
khāliṅ | |
खालिङ | |
Native to | Nepal |
Region | Solukhumbu and Khotang districts |
Ethnicity | Khaling Rai |
Native speakers | 14,467 in Nepal (2011 census)
[1] unknown number in India [1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Devanagari | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
klr |
Glottolog |
khal1275 |
ELP | Khaling |
Khaling (kʰɛ̂l brâː ख्या:ल् ब्रा:) is a Kiranti language spoken in Solukhumbu district, Nepal and Sikkim, Darjeeling, and Kalimpong in India. It is one of the few Kiranti languages with tonal contrasts, which are of secondary origin. [2] [3]
Khaling has approximately 15,000 speakers and is therefore considered a vulnerable language. Khaling has a complex system of stem alternations: as many as 10 distinct stems have to be posited for a word (Jacques et al. 2012). Khaling is very unusual in having an auditory demonstrative (see Jacques and Lahaussois 2014). Khaling is also known as Rai, Khalinge Rai, Khael Bra, and Khael Baat. [4]
Khaling is still being acquired by children who live in Khaling-speaking areas, as well as non-Khaling children who happen to live in that area.
Khaling is spoken in the following VDC's of Nepal ( Ethnologue).
Front | Central | Back | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||
short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
High | i ⟨इ⟩ | iː | ʉ ⟨अ्यु⟩ | ʉː | u ⟨उ⟩ | uː | ||
High-mid | e ⟨ए⟩ | eː | ɵ ⟨अ्यो⟩ | ɵː | o ⟨ओ⟩ | oː | ||
Low-mid | ɛ ⟨अ्या⟩ | ɛː | ʌ ⟨अ⟩ | oɔ ⟨अ्वा⟩ | ||||
Low | ä ⟨आ⟩ | äː |
Bilabial | Dental | alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m ⟨म⟩ | n ⟨न⟩ | ŋ ⟨ङ⟩ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | unaspirated | p ⟨प⟩ | t̪ ⟨त⟩ | ts ⟨च⟩ | k ⟨क⟩ | ʔ ⟨अ्⟩ |
aspirated | pʰ ⟨फ⟩ | t̪ʰ ⟨थ⟩ | tsʰ ⟨छ⟩ | kʰ ⟨ख⟩ | |||
voiced | unaspirated | b ⟨ब⟩ | d̪ ⟨द⟩ | dz ⟨ज⟩ | ɡ ⟨ग⟩ | ||
aspirated | bʱ ⟨भ⟩ | d̪ʱ ⟨ध⟩ | dzʱ ⟨झ⟩ | ɡʱ ⟨घ⟩ | |||
Fricative | s ⟨स⟩ | h x ⟨ह⟩ | |||||
Trill | r ⟨र⟩ | ||||||
Lateral | l ⟨ल⟩ | ||||||
Frictionless continuant | w ⟨व⟩ | j ⟨य⟩ |