Kar-Kiya dynasty
1370s–1592
Map of the political situation in northern Iran in 1425
Capital	Lahijan
Common languages	Gilaki
Religion	Zaydi Shia Islam
Government	Monarchy
Historical era	Post-classical history
• Established	1370s
•  Safavid conquest	1592
Succeeded by Safavid Iran

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Prehistoric period BCE / BC Baradostian culture c. 36,000–18,000 Zarzian culture c. 20,000–10,000 Shulaveri–Shomu culture c. 6000–5000 Zayandeh River Culture c. 6th millennium Dalma culture c. 5th millennium
Ancient period Kura–Araxes culture 3400–2000 Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 Jiroft culture c. 3100–2200 Lullubi Kingdom/ Zamua c. 3100-675 Elam 2700–539 Marhaši c. 2550-2020 Oxus Civilization c. 2400–1700 Akkadian Empire 2400–2150 Kassites c. 1500–1155 Avestan period c. 1500–500 Neo-Assyrian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860–590 Mannaea 850–616 Zikirti 750-521 Saparda 720-670
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The Kar-Kiya dynasty, also known as the Kiya'ids, was a local Zaydi dynasty which mainly ruled over Biya-pish (eastern Gilan) from the 1370s to 1592. ^[1]

The Kar-Kiya dynasty helped Shah Ismail I to establish Safavid Iran and later became one of its vassal states. The Safavid shah, Abbas I put an end to the Kar-Kiya dynasty by dispatching an army to Gilan in 1592. ^[2]

List of Kar-Kiyid rulers

Below is a complete list of the rulers of the Kar-Kiya dynasty: ^{[3] [4] [5] [6]}

• Sayyed Ali Kiya (r. 1370s–1389)
• Hady Kiya (r. 1389–1394)
• Amir Sayyed Mohammad (r. 1394–1430)
• Sayyed Razi Kiya (r. 1396–1426)
• Sayyed Hosayn Kiya (r. 1426–1430)
• Sayyed Naser Kiya (r. 1430–1448)
• Soltan-Mohammad Kiya (r. 1448–1478)
• Soltan-Ali Mirza (r. 1478–1504/05)
• Soltan-Hasan (r. 1504/05–1506)
• Soltan-Ahmad Khan (r. 1506–1534)
• Soltan-Kiya Ali (r. 1534–1534/5)
• Soltan-Hasan Kiya (r. 1534/5–1538)
• Khan Ahmad Khan (r. 1538–1592)

Monuments

Sayyed Ali Kiya, Sayyed Hady Kiya and Sayyed Razi Kiya are buried in the historic Chahar Padshahan mausoleum located in Lahijan. The site also entombs one of their ancestors, Sayyed Kar-Kiya, who was killed in 1243 or 1244.

References

Sources

• Goto, Yukako (2017). "Kār Kiā". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
• Goto, Yukako (2020). "Kār Kiyā dynasty". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN  1873-9830.
• Kasheff, Manouchehr (2001). "GĪLĀN v. History under the Safavids". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 6. pp. 635–642.
• Matthee, Rudi (1999). "FARHĀD KHAN QARAMĀNLŪ, ROKN-AL-SALṬANA". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
• Nashat, Guity; Beck, Lois (2003). Women in Iran from the Rise of Islam to 1800. University of Illinois Press. pp. 1–253. ISBN  978-0-252-07121-8.
• Newman, Andrew J. (2008). Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–281. ISBN  9780857716613.
• Babaie, Sussan (2004). Slaves of the Shah: New Elites of Safavid Iran. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–218. ISBN  9781860647215.
• Matthee, Rudi (1999). The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600-1730. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–290. ISBN  0521641314.
• Mitchell, Colin P. (2009). The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–304. ISBN  978-0857715883.
• Sajjadi, Sadeq; Melvin-Koushki, Matthew (2008). "The Amīr Kiyāʾids of Gīlān". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN  1875-9831.